A method for the direct arylation of 5-iodouracil and 5-iodouridine was found to proceed in moderate yields. By irradiating mixtures of 5-iodouracil or 5-iodouridine and a series of five-membered heterocycles such as 1H-pyrrole, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole, thiophene, as well as benzene in MeCN/H₂O with a Hg lamp, 5-aryluracils and 5-aryluridines were synthesized. The reaction proceeded smoothly without the requirement of adding any transition metals or ligands.

A new concise, facile, and efficient method for synthesis of 3-thiophenchromone was accomplished in more than over 80% yield starting from formation of the substituted 3-iodochromones and tetrathiophentins by Stille cross-coupling reaction in the presence of palladium on charcoal-catalyzed ligand-free under mild conditions.

Microwave irradiation was used to accelerate the cyclocondensation of isoflavones and 5-amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce 3,4-diphenyl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to moderate yields.

A series of novel 6-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-7-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, 5-phenyl-6-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, and 2-phenyl-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles have been synthesized in four steps starting with 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The intermediate 3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones reacted with pyrazol-3-amines, 5-methylpyrazol-3-amine, and 1H-imidazol-2-amine, 1H-benzimidazol-2-amine via a cyclocondensation to give the title compounds in the presence of MeONa as base, respectively. The approach affords the target compounds in acceptable-to-good yields. The new compounds were characterized by their IR, NMR, and HR mass spectra.

Direct synthetic methods of 6,7-diphenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives have been developed. Cyclocondensation of isoflavones with 3-aminopyrazole in the presence of sodium methoxide as alkali promoter gave 6,7-diphenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in moderate to good yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).

A simple and straightforward methodology towards the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyrimidines has been developed by one-step reaction of isoflavones with thiourea or guanidine. Ten 2-mercapto-4,5-diphenylpyrimidines and eight 2-amino-4,5-diphenylpyrimidines were reported. All of them were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. A variety of substrates can participate in the process with good yields and high purities, making this methodology suitable for library synthesis in drug discovery. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).

A simple and straightforward methodology toward the synthesis of novel 1-(4,5-diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl)thiourea has been developed by a one-step reaction of isoflavones with amidinothiourea. A series of 16 new compounds was synthesized. All compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The structure of a typical compound was established by X-ray diffraction. A variety of substrates can participate in the process with good yields and high purities, making this methodology suitable for library synthesis in drug discovery.