Porous graphene oxide/chitosan (PGOC) materials were prepared by a unidirectional freeze-drying method. Their porous structure, mechanical property and adsorption for metal ions were investigated. The results show that the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) significantly increased the compressive strength of the PGOC materials. The saturated adsorption capacity of Pb2+ increased about 31%, up to 99 mg/g when 5 wt% GO was incorporated These biodegradable, nontoxic, efficient PGOC materials will be a potential adsorbent for metal ions in aqueous solution.

The colloidal crystal template or opal with a closed-packed face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice was prepared from monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres by vertical sedimentation. The template provided void space for infiltration of monomer precursor composed of acrylate acid, acrylamide and ammonium persulfate, as well as microgel from the subsequent copolymerization. The sample was immersed in dimethylbenzene for completely removing PS spheres to form PAM inverse opal hydrogels (IOHPAM) or PAM/PAA inverse opal hydrogels (IOHPAM/PAA) photonic crystals. The PS spheres were replaced by air spheres, which interconnected each other through the windows. The study of responses to pH show that there are two peaks for both IOHPAM and IOHPAM/PAA films, but the IOHPAM/PAA peaks shift to higher pH, and the peaks are independent with the AA content.