Co-reporter:Benjamin Hendriks, Jelle Waelkens, Johan M. Winne, and Filip E. Du Prez
ACS Macro Letters September 19, 2017 Volume 6(Issue 9) pp:930-930
Publication Date(Web):August 15, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00494
Vitrimers are permanently cross-linked organic polymers that can be reshaped, molded, and recycled without loss of network integrity. Herein, we report poly(thioether) networks, prepared through a straightforward thiol–ene photopolymerization, that can be turned into catalyst-free vitrimer materials by partial alkylation of the thioethers (1–10%) to the corresponding trialkylsulfonium salts. Based on a classical SN2-type substitution, the resulting polyionic networks can be reshaped upon heating via swift transalkylation reactions. This novel exchange reaction for the design of vitrimers was studied both on low MW model compounds as well as on a material level. In addition, we demonstrated the recycling of these networks without significant loss of mechanical properties.
Co-reporter:Hannes A. Houck;Kevin De Bruycker;Stijn Billiet;Bastiaan Dhanis;Hannelore Goossens;Saron Catak;Veronique Van Speybroeck;Filip E. Du Prez
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 vol. 8(Issue 4) pp:3098-3108
Publication Date(Web):2017/03/28
DOI:10.1039/C7SC00119C
The reaction of triazolinediones (TADs) and indoles is of particular interest for polymer chemistry applications, as it is a very fast and irreversible additive-free process at room temperature, but can be turned into a dynamic covalent bond forming process at elevated temperatures, giving a reliable bond exchange or ‘transclick’ reaction. In this paper, we report an in-depth study aimed at controlling the TAD–indole reversible click reactions through rational design of modified indole reaction partners. This has resulted in the identification of a novel class of easily accessible indole derivatives that give dynamic TAD-adduct formation at significantly lower temperatures. We further demonstrate that these new substrates can be used to design a directed cascade of click reactions of a functionalized TAD moiety from an initial indole reaction partner to a second indole, and finally to an irreversible reaction partner. This controlled sequence of click and transclick reactions of a single TAD reagent between three different substrates has been demonstrated both on small molecule and macromolecular level, and the factors that control the reversibility profiles have been rationalized and guided by mechanistic considerations supported by theoretical calculations.
Co-reporter:Kevin De Bruycker, Stijn Billiet, Hannes A. Houck, Subrata Chattopadhyay, Johan M. Winne, and Filip E. Du Prez
Chemical Reviews 2016 Volume 116(Issue 6) pp:3919
Publication Date(Web):February 22, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00599
Triazolinediones (TADs) are unique reagents in organic synthesis that have also found wide applications in different research disciplines, in spite of their somewhat “exotic” reputation. In this review, we offer two case studies that demonstrate the possibilities of these versatile and reliable synthetic tools, namely, in the field of polymer science as well as in more recently emerging applications in the field of click chemistry. As the general use of triazolinediones has always been hampered by the limited commercial and synthetic availability of such reagents, we also offer a review of the available TAD reagents, together with a detailed discussion of their synthesis and reactivity. This review thus aims to serve as a practical guide for researchers that are interested in exploiting and further developing the exceptional click-like reactivity of triazolinediones in various applications.
Co-reporter:Wim Denissen, Johan M. Winne and Filip E. Du Prez
Chemical Science 2016 vol. 7(Issue 1) pp:30-38
Publication Date(Web):08 Oct 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5SC02223A
Most covalent adaptable networks give highly interesting properties for material processing such as reshaping, recycling and repairing. Classical thermally reversible chemical cross-links allow for a heat-triggered switch between materials that behave as insoluble cured resins, and liquid thermoplastic materials, through a fully reversible sol–gel transition. In 2011, a new class of materials, coined vitrimers, was introduced, which extended the realm of adaptable organic polymer networks. Such materials have the remarkable property that they can be thermally processed in a liquid state without losing network integrity. This feature renders the materials processable like vitreous glass, not requiring precise temperature control. In this mini-review, an overview of the state-of-the-art in the quickly emerging field of vitrimer materials is presented. With a main focus on the chemical origins of their unique thermal behavior, the existing chemical systems and their properties will be discussed. Furthermore, future prospects and challenges in this important research field are highlighted.
Co-reporter:Wim Denissen;Guadalupe Rivero;Renaud Nicolaÿ;Ludwik Leibler;Filip E. Du Prez
Advanced Functional Materials 2015 Volume 25( Issue 16) pp:2451-2457
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201404553
Vitrimers are a new class of polymeric materials with very attractive properties, since they can be reworked to any shape while being at the same time permanently cross-linked. As an alternative to the use of transesterification chemistry, we explore catalyst-free transamination of vinylogous urethanes as an exchange reaction for vitrimers. First, a kinetic study on model compounds reveals the occurrence of transamination of vinylogous urethanes in a good temperature window without side reactions. Next, poly(vinylogous urethane) networks with a storage modulus of ≈2.4 GPa and a glass transition temperature above 80 °C are prepared by bulk polymerization of cyclohexane dimethanol bisacetoacetate, m-xylylene diamine, and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. The vitrimer nature of these networks is examined by solubility, stress-relaxation, and creep experiments. Relaxation times as short as 85 s at 170 °C are observed without making use of any catalyst. In addition, the networks are recyclable up to four times by consecutive grinding/compression molding cycles without significant mechanical or chemical degradation.
Co-reporter:Jan Hullaert;Duchan R. Laplace
European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2014 Volume 2014( Issue 15) pp:3097-3100
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201402170
Abstract
By using a gallium(III) triflate catalyzed intramolecular (4+3) cycloaddition, a few functionalized furan-derived tricycles that share the common guaianolide sesquiterpene ring system were prepared in a stereoselective manner in only three steps from commercially available starting materials. A discussion of the formation of alternative products is included, with possible substrate requirements to achieve the key cycloaddition step in an efficient way.
Co-reporter:Duchan R. Laplace;Bart Verbraeken;Dr. Kristof VanHecke;Dr. Johan M. Winne
Chemistry - A European Journal 2014 Volume 20( Issue 1) pp:253-262
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201303273
Abstract
A recently developed (4+3) cycloaddition between dienes and furfuryl alcohols, as precursors of oxyallyl-type cations, has been used as a key step in the racemic syntheses of two natural products: frondosin B and liphagal. This work demonstrates the synthetic potential of this cycloaddition reaction, and offers a short synthetic route to an interesting family of natural products. A full account of these synthetic studies is presented, further illustrating the mechanism, scope, and limitations of this straightforward synthetic method for seven-membered rings.
Co-reporter:Duchan R. Laplace;Michel Van Overschelde;Pierre J. De Clercq;Annemieke Verstuyf
European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2013 Volume 2013( Issue 4) pp:728-735
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201201261
Abstract
The synthesis of two new A-ring precursors, useful for the convergent assembly of 2α-ethyl and 2β-ethyl derivatives of 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is described. These building blocks were prepared in 14 steps from quinic acid, which led to a new and practical synthesis of 2α-ethyl-14-epi-19-nor-20-epi-23-yne-1,25(OH)2D3, an analog that shows a remarkably low calcemic effect in mice, while retaining the ability to promote cell differentiation and to inhibit cell proliferation in a number of human cancer cell lines.
Co-reporter:Dr. Johan M. Winne;Dr. Saron Catak;Dr. Michel Waroquier;Dr. Veronique VanSpeybroeck
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011 Volume 50( Issue 50) pp:11990-11993
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201104930
Co-reporter:Dr. Johan M. Winne;Dr. Saron Catak;Dr. Michel Waroquier;Dr. Veronique VanSpeybroeck
Angewandte Chemie 2011 Volume 123( Issue 50) pp:12196-12199
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201104930
Co-reporter:Dr. Johan M. Winne;Dr. Saron Catak;Dr. Michel Waroquier;Dr. Veronique VanSpeybroeck
Angewandte Chemie 2011 Volume 123( Issue 50) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201106645
Co-reporter:Dr. Johan M. Winne;Dr. Saron Catak;Dr. Michel Waroquier;Dr. Veronique VanSpeybroeck
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011 Volume 50( Issue 50) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201106645
Co-reporter:Hannes A. Houck, Kevin De Bruycker, Stijn Billiet, Bastiaan Dhanis, Hannelore Goossens, Saron Catak, Veronique Van Speybroeck, Johan M. Winne and Filip E. Du Prez
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 - vol. 8(Issue 4) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1039/C7SC00119C
Co-reporter:Wim Denissen, Johan M. Winne and Filip E. Du Prez
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2016 - vol. 7(Issue 1) pp:NaN38-38
Publication Date(Web):2015/10/08
DOI:10.1039/C5SC02223A
Most covalent adaptable networks give highly interesting properties for material processing such as reshaping, recycling and repairing. Classical thermally reversible chemical cross-links allow for a heat-triggered switch between materials that behave as insoluble cured resins, and liquid thermoplastic materials, through a fully reversible sol–gel transition. In 2011, a new class of materials, coined vitrimers, was introduced, which extended the realm of adaptable organic polymer networks. Such materials have the remarkable property that they can be thermally processed in a liquid state without losing network integrity. This feature renders the materials processable like vitreous glass, not requiring precise temperature control. In this mini-review, an overview of the state-of-the-art in the quickly emerging field of vitrimer materials is presented. With a main focus on the chemical origins of their unique thermal behavior, the existing chemical systems and their properties will be discussed. Furthermore, future prospects and challenges in this important research field are highlighted.