Co-reporter:Peng-Fei He, Liang He, An-Qiang Zhang, Xing-Li Wang, Liang Qu, Pei-Long Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2017 Volume 155() pp:61-67
Publication Date(Web):2 January 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.041
A new neutral polysaccharide (PUP60W-1) was purified from P. umbellatus sclerotia.The first report for a polysaccharide containing many galactoses in P. umbellatus.The main structure of PUP60W-1 was elucidated by methylation analysis and NMR.The chain conformation of PUP60W-1 in water was studied by SEC-MALS-RI-Vis and AFM.Spherical structures of PUP60W-1 were disrupted in water after dispersion with SDS.A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (PUP60W-1) was purified from the hot water extract of sclerotia of P. umbellatus by chromatography with DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S200 High-Resolution. The primary structure of PUP60W-1 was elucidated by GC, GC⿿MS and NMR. PUP60W-1 was identified as a highly branched polysaccharide composed of fucose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 1.0:0.9:13.3. The main repeating unit was identified as α-(1 ⿿ 6)-d-galactopyranan backbone with substitution of terminal α-galactopyranosyl residues at O-2 for two out of every three main chain galactose residues. Its chain conformation was studied by atom force microscopy and size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiple detectors. The results revealed that PUP60W-1 had a molecular weight of 2.47 ÿ 104 Da with a polydispersity index of 1.04, and existed in water as compact sphere structures which could be disrupted into smaller spherical chain blocks after dispersion with sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Co-reporter:Ming Cai;Wenzhong Hou;Zehua Li;Yuqing Lv;Peilong Sun
Food and Bioprocess Technology 2017 Volume 10( Issue 12) pp:2123-2131
Publication Date(Web):15 August 2017
DOI:10.1007/s11947-017-1970-8
Understanding membrane fouling mechanisms of key nutrition indicators in fruit juices during nanofiltration (NF) are important for quality control of products and manufacture processes. This study evaluated the effects of operating and molecular parameters of six phenolic compounds on fouling resistances during NF with two membranes. Results showed that fouling resistances and mechanisms were significantly different among the six representative phenolic compounds as a result of different molecular parameters such as acidity coefficient, molecular refractive index, octanol-water partition coefficient, and lipo-hydro partition coefficient. Operating time, solution concentration, and transmembrane pressure can also significantly affect the membrane fouling during nanofiltration of gallic acid solution. The images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy on new, fouled, and cleaned membranes showed the fouling mechanisms intuitively. For phenolic compounds, a cake/gel layer as a reversible fouling was the main fouling resistance, and the adsorption was a significant role in the irreversible fouling resistance.
Co-reporter:Ming Cai, Wenzhong Hou, Yuqing Lv, Peilong Sun
Journal of Food Engineering 2017 Volume 195(Volume 195) pp:
Publication Date(Web):1 February 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.024
•Behaviors of six fruit phenolics model solution in two NF membranes were studied.•Rejections can be affected by filtration conditions and membrane properties.•In QSAR models, μ, LogP and Xpcv were the most significant molecular parameters.•QSAR models can be successfully used to predict the rejection for NF of phenolics.Behavior and rejection mechanisms of typical phenolic compounds in fruit juice during nanofiltration (NF) are not clear. Because the system of actual fruit juice is very complex, in this study, rejection mechanisms of six typical fruit juice phenolic compounds in model solutions with two NF membranes were investigated. Molecular structure parameters of these phenolics, such as hydrophobic properties, electrical parameters, and spatial parameters on the process were considered in a general quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model. Principal component analysis and partial least square regression were used to find the relationships between rejection and molecular parameters. Results showed that NF performances of phenolics could be affected by filtration operating conditions, membrane properties and molecular parameters. In QSAR models, dipole moment, acidity coefficient, Octanol-water partition coefficient and fifth-order path cluster molecules connectivity index were the most important molecular parameters, and correlation coefficients for two membranes were 0.895 and 0.833, respectively. QSAR models can be successfully applied to predict the rejection for NF of fruit juice phenolics model solution.
Co-reporter:Pengfei He, Anqiang Zhang, Fuming Zhang, Robert J. Linhardt, Peilong Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2016 Volume 152() pp:222-230
Publication Date(Web):5 November 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.010
•A novel polysaccharide (PUP80S1) was obtained from Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia.•Structure characterization of PUP80S1 containing uronic acid was elucidated by NMR.•Globular chain conformation of PUP80S1 was determined by Atomic force microscopy.•Antioxidant activity of two polysaccharides having similar structure were compared.Polyporus umbellatus is a medicinal fungus, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands years for treatment of edema, scanty urine, vaginal discharge, jaundice and diarrhea. The structure of a soluble polysaccharide (named PUP80S1), purified from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus was elucidated by gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PUP80S1 is a branched polysaccharide containing approximately 8.5% uronic acid and having an average molecular weight of 8.8 kDa. Atomic force microscopy of PUP80S1 reveals a globular chain conformation in water. Antioxidant tests, Oxygen radical absorption capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays indicate that PUP80S1 possesses significant antioxidant activity. But the related polysaccharide, PUP60S2, which contains more uronic acid residues and a higher level of branching, shows better antioxidant activity. These results suggest that structure features of polysaccharides play an important role in their physiological functions.
Co-reporter:Pengfei He, Anqiang Zhang, Saijing Zhou, Fuming Zhang, Robert J. Linhardt, Peilong Sun
Carbohydrate Research 2016 Volume 434() pp:72-76
Publication Date(Web):3 November 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.006
•A partially 3-O-methylated α-galactan was isolated from Pleurotus citrinopileatus.•Its structure was established using NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods.•The polysaccharide had a linear structure linked mainly by1,6-linkages.A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. This work provides additional evidence for the view that 3-O-methyl galactose is common to the genus Pleurotus.
Co-reporter:An-qiang Zhang, Ye Liu, Nan-nan Xiao, Yang Zhang, Pei-long Sun
Food Chemistry 2014 Volume 146() pp:334-338
Publication Date(Web):1 March 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.073
•It was isolated and purified by columns of DEAE-Sepharose F. F. and Sephacryl S H.R.•It was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight was estimated to be 1.08 × 104 Da by HPLC.•The composition of it was determined as l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose by GC analysis.•Its structure was determined by MS, along with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy.A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08 × 104 Da. Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. Methylation analysis together with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1 → 6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2 → 6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1 → 6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1 → 6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues.
Co-reporter:Ming Cai, Yinlong Luo, Jia Chen, Hanhua Liang, Peilong Sun
Separation and Purification Technology 2014 Volume 133() pp:375-379
Publication Date(Web):8 September 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.064
•USE and MWE were introduced to extract shikimic acid from Chinese star anise.•Ratio was the most significant factors in two methods, followed by power and time.•Yield of 1.367% in USE were obtained at 480 W, 15 mL g−1 and 20 min by orthogonal.•2.75% was achieved in MWE at 500 W, 15 mL g−1 and 16 min by RSM.•USE and MWE are two promising technologies for shikimic acid extraction.Shikimic acid is a main raw intermediate for manufacturing oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), which is the only antiviral treatment for Influenzavirus A (H5N1 and H2N1), recently. Chinese star anise is a natural resource of shikimic acid which can be extracted by some typical technologies. Two effective technologies, ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MWE), were introduced to extract shikimic acid from Chinese star anise in this study. Effects of various variables, such as applied power, ratio of solvent to material, and extraction time on the yield by two different technologies were investigated. Results showed that ratio was the most significant factors in both methods, followed by applied power and time. In USE process, the best yield of shikimic acid, 1.367%, were obtained at an optimum condition of 480 W, 15 mL/g and 20 min using orthogonal design; while in MWE, 2.75% of yield was achieved at 500 W, 15 mL/g and 16 min by response surface methodology. USE and MWE are two promising technologies for shikimic acid extraction; however, it is still necessary to develop some integrated methods to improve the extraction yield of shikimic acid from Chinese star anise.
Co-reporter:An-qiang Zhang, Mei Xu, Li Fu, Pei-long Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2013 Volume 92(Issue 1) pp:236-240
Publication Date(Web):30 January 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.105
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide named PGPB-1, with a molecular weight of 1.3 × 104 Da as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus by boiling water as well as DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and High-Resolution Sephacryl S-300. On the bases of compositional analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra) analysis, the structural elucidation of PGPB-1 consisted of a α-d-(1 → 6)-galactopyranan and a α-d-3-O-Me-d-galactosyl unit backbone with a α-d-Mannosyl unit on O-2 of the 2,6-di-O-substituted-d-galactosyl units. The repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as:Figure optionsPGPB-1 also contains a minor proportion of 6-linked-d-Glcp.Highlights► It was isolated and purified by columns of DEAE-Sepharose F. F. and Sephacryl S H.R. ► It is composed of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and 3-O-methylgalactose. ► Its structure is determined by MS, 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopic as follows: .
Co-reporter:An-qiang Zhang, Yang Zhang, Jun Yang, Jian Jiang, Fang-fang Huang, Pei-long Sun
Carbohydrate Research 2013 Volume 376() pp:24-28
Publication Date(Web):19 July 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.014
Highlights•We purified a novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Wedelia prostrata called WPP60A.•Homogeneity and molecular weight (2.40 × 103 Da) of WPP60A were determined by HPLC.•Its structure was established by GC–MS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR analysis.•The repeating unit consists of [β-d-Fruf-(6→2)-β-d-Fruf-].A new heteropolysaccharide, WPP60A, with a molecular weight of 2.4 kDa, was isolated from Wedelia prostrata by hot water extraction, and purified by DEAE Sepharose fast flow and Sephacryl S-200 high-resolution chromatography. Compositional analysis, and methylation analysis, combined with 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy including 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, NOESY, and HMBC) experiments demonstrated that WPP60A was composed of primarily fructose and low glucose. Results indicated that this new heteropolysaccharide consists of a repeating unit with the following structure: Figure optionsRepeating unit of polysaccharide from Wedelia prostrata.
Co-reporter:An-qiang Zhang, Nan-nan Xiao, Ying-lin Deng, Peng-fei He, Pei-long Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2012 Volume 87(Issue 3) pp:2279-2283
Publication Date(Web):14 February 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.061
A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide FVP60-B was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes with boiling water and purified by Sephacryl S-300 and S-400, which molecular weight was estimated to be 1.3 × 104 Da by HPLC. It is composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in a ratio of 1.16:0.82:1.00:3.08. Sugar analysis, methylation analysis together with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy disclosed that FVP60-B is consisted of a α-(1 → 6)-d-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal fucosyl, terminal glucosyl and α-(1 → 6)-d-mannopyranan units on O-2 of 2,6-O-substituted-d-galactosyl units.Highlights► It was isolated and purified by columns of DEAE-Sepharose F.F. and Sephacryl S.H.R. ► It was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight was 1.3 × 104 Da by HPLC. ► It is composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose by GC. ► Its structure is determined by MS, along with1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopic.
Co-reporter:QING GE;AN-QIANG ZHANG
Journal of Food Biochemistry 2010 Volume 34( Issue 6) pp:1205-1215
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00359.x
ABSTRACT
Phellinus baumii Pilát is a well-known oriental medicinal fungus that has various biological activities such as antitumor, antimutagenicity and immunomodulating activity. A new β-D-glucan easily soluble in water, was obtained from the fruiting bodies of P. baumii Pilát (PBF-I) using hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Its chemical structure was investigated by compositional analysis, methylation analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis. Based on the data obtained, PBF-I was mainly composed of glucose, with an average molecular weight of about 1,920 kDa. It was shown to have a backbone of β-(16)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, with a minor of β-(13)-linked D-glucopyranosyl and terminal β-D-glucopyranosyl residues.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Recently, medicinal mushroom polysaccharides have received special attention because they have potent biological and pharmacological activities including antitumor, immunomodulating, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. Phellinus baumii Pilát, a well-known fungus belonging to the Hymenochaetaceae basidiomycetes, is a mushroom used as folk medicine for a variety of human diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and toxification in Asia. This paper describes the structure of polysaccharides isolated from P. baumii Pilát using methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel and ion-exchange chromatography as a contribution to better identify correlations between structure and functionality. It should help in understanding the antitumor mechanisms of Phellinus mushroom polysaccharides. The polysaccharide would certainly be significant for its utilization both in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Co-reporter:Qing Ge, An-qiang Zhang, Pei-long Sun
Food Chemistry 2009 Volume 114(Issue 2) pp:391-395
Publication Date(Web):15 May 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.010
A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide termed PBF2 was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus baumii Pilát using hot water extraction and purified on Sephacryl S-1000. PBF2 was shown to be composed of l-fucose, d-mannose and d-glucose. Its structural characteristics were further investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, sugar analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Based on the data obtained, PBF2 was found to be a heteropolysaccharide containing a β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranose backbone with a fucosyl unit on O-3 of the 3,6-di-O-substituted-d-glucosyl units and it also contained a minor (1 → 3, 6)-β-d-mannose residue and terminal glucose residues.
Co-reporter:Peng-fei He, An-qiang Zhang, Xing-li Wang, Liang Qu, Guang-lin Li, Yan-ping Li, Pei-long Sun
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (January 2016) Volume 82() pp:411-417
Publication Date(Web):1 January 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.032
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide PUP60S2, with a molecular weight of 1.44 × 104 Da, was obtained from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. PUP60S2 was a polysaccharide comprised of about 22.3% glucuronic acid. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PUP60S2 was only comprised of glucose and glucuronic acid. Reduction of carboxyl groups, sugar analysis, methylation analysis, together with one and two dimension NMR spectra disclosed that the backbone of PUP60S2 consisted of (1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, every second of which was substituted at O-3 by side chains consisting of terminal β-d-Glcp, (1 → 3)-β-d-Glcp, (1 → 3)-β-d-GlcpA, (1 → 4)-β-d-Glcp and (1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpA units. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PUP60S2 exerted a significant scavenging effect on DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical in a dose-dependent manner.
![7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/95600/95530-78-2.png)
![7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/95600/95530-78-2_b.png)
