A phytochemical study of the CHCl₃ extract of the dried unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of three new alkaloids, evollionines A–C (1–3, resp.), together with two known compounds, evodianinine and wuzhuyumide I. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic evidence and confirmed in the case of compound 1 by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

A new eremophilane sesquiterpene, (2β)-2-deoxo-2-methoxytessaric acid (1), and two new eudesmane sesquiterpenes, (3β,10α)-3-methoxyleudesma-4,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid (2) and (3α,4β,8α)-4-(acetyloxy)-3-(2,3-dihydroxy)-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy-8-hydroxyeudesm-7(11)-eno-12,8-lactone (3), along with the ten known compounds 4–13 were isolated from the aerial parts of Laggera pterodonta. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D-NMR data.

Two new indole alkaloids, 5-oxodolichantoside (1) and deglycocadambine (2), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Emmenopterys henryi, together with four known indole alkaloids and five known iridoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. This is the first report on the isolation of indole alkaloids from this species. The indole alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer lines.

Three new monosubstituted sucrose fatty acid esters, 1–3, were isolated from Equisetum hiemale L., together with nine known compounds, 4–12. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 5, 6, and 10–12 were isolated from the title plant for the first time. All these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. However, none of them was cytotoxic.

Three new clerodane diterpenoids, splendidins A–C (1–3, resp.), were isolated from Salvia splendens, together with six known ones. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Splendidin C (3) was the first diterpenoid glucoside reported from this plant. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity; however, none of them were cytotoxic.

Two new diterpenoids, (3β,13S)-3-O-[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-13-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyllabda-8(17),14-diene (1) and (4R,13S)-18-O-β-D-glucopyranosyllabda-8(17),14-dien-13-ol (2) have been isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the dry fronds of Diplopterygium rufopilosum. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS.

Two new eudesmanolide sesquiterpenoids containing a hemiacetal function, castanins G and H (1 and 2), were obtained as a pair of interconvertible isomers from the aerial parts of Salvia castaneaDiels f. tomentosaStib., and separated as their uninterconvertible acetates 3 and 4. Their structures were elucidated by unequivocal interpretation and comparative analysis of the NMR and MS data of the mixture 1/2 and of their acetates 3 and 4, respectively. The inhibitory activity of 3 and 4 toward MCF-7, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines was also evaluated.

Seven new phenolic glucosides, 2′-O-acetylhenryoside (1), 2′,3′-di-O-acetylhenryoside (2), 2′,6′-di-O-acetylhenryoside (3), 2′,3′,6′-tri-O-acetylhenryoside (4), 2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetylhenryoside (5), 2-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), and 6-hydroxy-2-[(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]benzoic acid (7), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Viburnum cylindricum, along with 26 known compounds (henryoside=2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxybenzoic acid [2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl]methyl ester). The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.