Cellulose has been explored as a tentative renewable carbon source to convert into micro- and meso-porous carbon (MMC) via carbonizing cellulose aerogel at a temperature of 700 °C without further activation. The obtained MMC materials based on cellulose possess a specific surface area of 646 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 0.4403 m3 g−1, with an optimal pore structure that consists of the micropores in average size of 1.49 nm and the mesopores in the range of 2.25 ∼ 3.32 nm. A two-electrode symmetric supercapacitor based on the MMC materials exhibits a comparable high electrochemical performance with a large capacitance (up to 160 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), an high energy density of 17.81 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 180.11W kg−1 in the voltage range of 0 V to 1.8 V. The mesoporous can provide a good channel to further facilitate the electrolyte ion penetrating inner pores, while the microporous can store more electrolyte ions. The above cooperative effect of MMC is the key to the high-performance of the supercapacitors.

•FTMAC material has been successfully obtained from cotton stalk.•FTMAC material exhibits on ordered flute type pores structure.•The FTMAC-based electrode could deliver a high specific capacitance of 254 F g−1.•Symmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density of 18.14 Wh kg−1.Flute type micropores activated carbon (FTMAC) has been successfully obtained from cotton stalk via KOH-chemical activation method. The synthesized carbon material exhibits an ordered pore structure with high specific surface area of 1964.46 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 1.03 m3 g−1. The assembled FTMAC-based electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 254 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. It still can maintain 221 F g−1at a current density of 10 A g−1, demonstrating a good rate capacity (87% retention), as well as long cyclic stability of 96% capacitance retention after 10000 charging and discharging cycles at current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density of 18.14 W h kg−1 and a power density of 450.37 W kg−1 which is operated in the voltage range of 0–1.8 V.

Fe3O4 has long been regarded as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, earth abundance, low cost, and nontoxic properties. At present, no effective method has been realized to overcome the bottleneck of poor cyclability and low rate capability because of its huge volume change and low electrical conductivity. In this article, a facile synthesis strategy is developed to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) carbon encapsulated hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles (H-Fe3O4 NPs) homogeneously anchored on graphene nanosheets (designated as H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs) as a durable high-rate lithium ion battery anode material. In the constructed architecture, the thin carbon shells can avoid the direct exposure of encapsulated H-Fe3O4 NPs to the electrolyte and preserve the structural and interfacial stabilization of H-Fe3O4 NPs. Meanwhile, the flexible and conductive GNSs and carbon shells can accommodate the mechanical stress induced by the volume change of H-Fe3O4 NPs as well as inhibit the aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs and thus maintain the structural and electrical integrity of the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode during the lithiation/delithiation processes. As a result, the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode exhibits outstanding reversible capacity (870.4 mA h g−1 at a rate of 0.1C (1C = 1 A g−1) after 100 cycles) and excellent rate performance (745, 445, and 285 mA h g−1 at 1, 5, and 10C, respectively) for lithium storage. More importantly, the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode demonstrates prolonged cycling stability even at high charge/discharge rates (only 6.8% capacity loss after 200 cycles at a high rate of 10C). Our results show that the 2D H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs are promising anode materials for next generation LIBs with high energy and power density.

•Graphene nanosheets (GNs) was synthesized via a green and efficient hydrothermal method.•The electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) filled with GNs and silver flake.•The resistivity of ECAs has attained 5.0×10−5 Ω cm.•GNs shows the important role in the ECAs.A highly electrical conductive adhesive based on graphene nanosheets (GNs) was developed. In this study, we prepared highly electrical conductive GNs via a green and efficient method and investigated the influence of graphene materials on the properties of electrically conductive adhesives. Primarily aimed at improving the electrical conductivity properties of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), graphene nanosheets was dispersed into an epoxy matrix to play a role as a network for providing a carrier transfer pathway. The results demonstrate that filling graphene nanosheets and microsilver flakes obviously decrease the resistivity of electrically conductive adhesives. Further, with increasing the graphene nanosheets content, resistivity sharply decreases. With a filling ratio up to 0.5% and the filling of 69.5% with microsilver flakes, the lowest resistivity has been reached 5.0×10−5 Ω cm.

The lanthanum ricinoleate (abbreviated as Lari3) of rare earth heat stabilizer was synthesized by the reaction of ricinoleic acid, lanthanumnitrate and sodium hydroxide. The IR and fluorescence spectra methods confirmed the structure of the product. The thermal stability of PVC in the presence of Lari3 was studied by the Congo method and using TG analysis. The results showed that Lari3 could be used as a thermal stabilizer for PVC. When the ratio of Lari3/pentaerythritol was 3:1, the complex exhibited better synergistic effect. Incorporation of Lari3 to PVC resulted in a marked increase of maximum and onset degradation temperature as well as elongation and impact strength of PVC. Lari3 might replace the labile chlorine atoms to interrupt the formation of conjugated double bonds in PVC chains and act as HCl scavenger to restrain the self-catalyticdehydrochlorination.Stability time of PVC in the presence of lead salt (2 phr), organotin 218 (2 phr) and Lari3 (2 phr)

Fe3O4 has long been regarded as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, earth abundance, low cost, and nontoxic properties. At present, no effective method has been realized to overcome the bottleneck of poor cyclability and low rate capability because of its huge volume change and low electrical conductivity. In this article, a facile synthesis strategy is developed to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) carbon encapsulated hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles (H-Fe3O4 NPs) homogeneously anchored on graphene nanosheets (designated as H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs) as a durable high-rate lithium ion battery anode material. In the constructed architecture, the thin carbon shells can avoid the direct exposure of encapsulated H-Fe3O4 NPs to the electrolyte and preserve the structural and interfacial stabilization of H-Fe3O4 NPs. Meanwhile, the flexible and conductive GNSs and carbon shells can accommodate the mechanical stress induced by the volume change of H-Fe3O4 NPs as well as inhibit the aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs and thus maintain the structural and electrical integrity of the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode during the lithiation/delithiation processes. As a result, the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode exhibits outstanding reversible capacity (870.4 mA h g−1 at a rate of 0.1C (1C = 1 A g−1) after 100 cycles) and excellent rate performance (745, 445, and 285 mA h g−1 at 1, 5, and 10C, respectively) for lithium storage. More importantly, the H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs electrode demonstrates prolonged cycling stability even at high charge/discharge rates (only 6.8% capacity loss after 200 cycles at a high rate of 10C). Our results show that the 2D H-Fe3O4@C/GNSs are promising anode materials for next generation LIBs with high energy and power density.