Co-reporter:Lei Chen, Yongjie Yuan, Guanqun Zhong, Jindi Li, Hailiang Zhang
Polymer 2017 Volume 132(Volume 132) pp:
Publication Date(Web):6 December 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.060
•A novel polymer gelator is provided.•A new application of a classical side-chain liquid crystalline polymer is provided.•The π–π stacking interaction of the biphenyl mesogens is the key factor for guiding the self-assembly processes and the polymer gel formation.A classical side-chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP) named poly [ω-(4′-n-octadecyloxybiphenyl-4-oxy) hexyl methacrylate (PM6BiC18) have been synthesized. The polymer and its monomer (M6BiC18) organogels were prepared by introducing PM6BiC18 or M6BiC18 into common organic solvents. The minimum gelation concentration (MGC) and gel-to-sol transition temperature (TGS) were tested by the “tube-testing method”. In the same organic solvent, it was found that the TGS of gels based on PM6BiC18 was higher than the gels formed by M6BiC18. The microscopic morphology of the gels was carefully investigated by SEM and polarizing microscope. Experimental results revealed that the M6BiC18 gels are formed by the crystallization of fibers. However, the polymer gels are formed by uniform spherical self-assembly structures. Further studies discussed by UV–vis spectroscopy, the results implied that the π–π stacking interaction of the biphenyl mesogens might be the key factor for guiding the self-assembly processes and the polymer gel formation.Formation mechanism of gel.Download high-res image (172KB)Download full-size image
Co-reporter:Xiaoshan Liu, Xiaofang Chen, Jingkui Wang, Gang Chen, and Hailiang Zhang
Macromolecules 2014 Volume 47(Issue 12) pp:3917-3925
Publication Date(Web):June 13, 2014
DOI:10.1021/ma500794y
We investigate the self-assembly behavior of a series of supramolecular hydrogen bonded polymer complexes P4VP(nCBP)x in which bent-shaped molecules (nCBP, n = 10,12,14) are attached to a poly(4-vinylpridine) (P4VP) backbone via hydrogen bond interaction in both bulk and thin films. The formation of lamellar and hexagonal columnar (ΦH) phases are dependent on the blending ratio of nCBP per vinylpridine unit (x), aliphatic tail length (n), and temperature. When increasing the grafting density x, the phase structure of polymer complexes transform from lamellar to ΦH phase. A nonreversible lamellar to ΦH phase transition appears in the heating process for P4VP(10CBP)x with x ≥ 0.4, P4VP(12CBP)x with x ≥ 0.3, and P4VP(14CBP)x with x ≥ 0.2. The lamellar and ΦH phase are oriented parallel to the substrate in the thin film as verified by both GISAXS and AFM.
Co-reporter:Jiao-Jiao Yan, He-Lou Xie, Liang Weng, Shuang Yang, Hai-Liang Zhang
Polymer 2014 Volume 55(Issue 25) pp:6504-6512
Publication Date(Web):1 December 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.036
The fabrication of ordered structure is very important for the applications of ionic liquid crystalline polymers (ILCPs) or polymerized (ionic liquid crystal) (PILC). In this paper, we reported a facile approach to manipulate the ordered structure of ILCPs through adjusting the length of alkyl spacer. We designed and synthesized a series of ILCPs contained imidazolium, poly(2,5-bis{[m-(4-butoxy-4′-imidazolium phenyl) m-alkyl] oxy carbonyl} styrene bis (fluoroborate) salts) (denoted as P4-m−BF4, m represents the number of carbon in the alkyl spacers and m = 2, 4, 6, 10) via radical polymerization. Combined differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray scattering, and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D WAXD), we found that the ordered structure of this ILCPs can transfer from smectic A phase (SmA) to hexagonal columnar (ΦH) phase with the increase of spacer. Furthermore, these results were confirmed by reconstructed relative electron density map using fast fourier transform algorithm (FFT). The result revealed that the increase of alkyl spacer would affect the interaction between ions and side chain, and induce the packing of the side chains. It was evident that the alkyl spacer played an important role in the constructing of ordered structure and offered a new method to fabricate different ordered structure of ILCPs.
Co-reporter:Peng Liu, Liangbo Xiang, Qian Tan, Haoyu Tang and Hailiang Zhang
Polymer Chemistry 2013 vol. 4(Issue 4) pp:1068-1076
Publication Date(Web):19 Nov 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2PY20773G
This paper describes the steric hindrance effect on thermoresponsive behaviors of pyrrolidone-based water-soluble polymers. Two polymers, poly[N-(1-meth-2-acryloyloxyethyl)pyrrolidone] (PMEP) and poly[N-(2-acryloyloxypropyl)pyrrolidone] (PAPP) with different pyrrolidone-based side groups were synthesized via conventional free-radical polymerization. PMEP and PAPP with approximate molecular weights (MW) and polydispersities were confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Their thermoresponsive phase transition behaviors in aqueous media were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and temperature-variation 1H NMR. The cloud points of PMEP and PAPP decreased exponentially rather than linearly with the increase in concentration. PMEP exhibited a lower cloud point than PAPP at the same mass concentration. Both PMEP and PAPP showed a solvent isotopic effect, as their cloud points in deuterium oxide (D2O) were lower than those in hydrogen oxide (H2O). We also noted that the ΔCP [CPPAPP − CPPMEP] was 5.2 °C in D2O and 4.2 °C in H2O at 20.0 mg ml−1. In addition, PAPP showed more noticeable changes in proton resonance signal intensities during the temperature elevation. The differences in thermoresponsive phase transition behaviors between PMEP and PAPP resulted from the steric hindrance effect of their side groups.
Co-reporter:Peng Liu, Wang Tang, Hailiang Zhang
Polymer 2013 Volume 54(Issue 18) pp:4902-4908
Publication Date(Web):16 August 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.053
A series of water-soluble thermoresponsive copolymers, i.e., poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-bis(N-hydroxyisopropyl pyrrolidone) 2-vinylterephthalate] [P(NIPAm-co-HIPPVTA)], with well-defined comonomer content have been synthesized via conventional free-radical copolymerization at low conversion. The liquid crystalline behavior of the copolymers was investigated using polarized light microscope and differential scanning calorimetry. The results revealed that the P(NIPAm-co-HIPPVTA) exhibit liquid crystallinity when the NIPAm content is lower than 52.2 mol%, which was obviously different from that of previous papers. In addition, thermo-responsive behaviors of copolymer also demonstrated by dynamic light scattering. The cloud points of these copolymers can be tuned over a broad range (i.e., 9.9–81.2 °C) by simply altering the molar content of the HIPPVTA. It is noted that the cloud point of the copolymers showed unexpected trend (i.e., parabolicaly other than linearly or exponentially) with the increasing of HIPPVTA content. That is, with an increase of HIPPVTA molar content, the cloud point of copolymer decreases at first and then increases.
Co-reporter:Chang-an Yang, Helou Xie, Guanqun Zhong, Hailiang Zhang
Polymer 2013 Volume 54(Issue 13) pp:3238-3247
Publication Date(Web):7 June 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.023
Three different mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers with monosubstituted azobenzene moiety in the side-chain have been studied. These are poly(2,5-bis{[para-(4′-methoxy-4-oxyhexyloxy azobenzene) benzyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (denoted as PPABCS), poly(2,5-bis{[meta-(4′-methoxy-4-oxyhexyloxy azobenzene) benzyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (denoted as PMABCS) and poly(2, 5-bis{[ortho-(4′-methoxy-4-oxyhexyloxy azobenzene) benzyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (denoted as POABCS). The chemical structures of the monomers were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structure characterization of the polymers was performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the phase structures and transitions of the polymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and one- and two-dimensional (1D, 2D) wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The effects of monosubstituted azobenzene moiety in different positions on the liquid crystalline behaviors of the polymers were also investigated. The results show that the phase transitional behaviors of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers containing monosubstituted azobenzene moiety depend strongly on the position of the substituent on the azobenzene moiety. We identify that PPABCS can form a hierarchically ordered structure with double orderings on both the nanometer and subnanometer length scales. Most likely, the thick main-chains of PPABCS obtained by “jacketing” the central rigid portion of side-chain to the polyethylene backbone construct a 2D centered rectangular scaffold. The azobenzene-containing side-chains pack inside the main-chain scaffold form smecitc A (SmA)-like structure and are perpendicular to the main-chains. We compared PPABCS with PMABCS and POABCS, and found that the hierarchically ordered structure of PMABCS was similar to that of PPABCS. It is surprising that the main-chains of POABCS also construct a 2D centered rectangular scaffold, however, the packing of azobenzene-containing side-chains inside the main-chain scaffold develops smecitc C (SmC)-like structure. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg), isotropic temperature (Ti) and liquid crystalline range (ΔT, from Tg to Ti) of the polymers decrease in the order, para > meta > ortho. It is very interesting phenomenon that the associated enthalpy changes of these polymers are also the same order, para > meta > ortho, which is different from those of MCLCPs and SCLCPs.
Co-reporter:Sheng Chen, Hang Luo, He-Lou Xie, Hai-Liang Zhang
Polymer 2013 Volume 54(Issue 7) pp:1794-1802
Publication Date(Web):22 March 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.048
Co-reporter:Guo-Hui Wen, Ben Zhang, He-Lou Xie, Xin Liu, Guan-Qun Zhong, Hai-Liang Zhang, and Er-Qiang Chen
Macromolecules 2013 Volume 46(Issue 13) pp:5249-5259
Publication Date(Web):June 26, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ma400325g
A series of diblock copolymers (PS-b-PBBHCSs) composed of polystyrene (PS) and poly(2,5-bis{[6-(4-butoxy-4′-oxybiphenyl)hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene) (PBBHCS) were successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization, with their chemical structures confirmed by various characterization techniques. While PS is a conventional coil polymer, PBBHCS is a novel combined main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymer (MCSCLCP) which can exhibit hierarchically ordered structures. Small-angle X-ray scattering results show that the diblock copolymers with different compositions could present lamellar and rectangular cylinder morphologies before the order–disorder transition. Combining the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering results, we find that the PBBHCS block in the confined space of microphase separation is still able to exhibit its liquid crystalline (LC) structures with the rectangular main-chain scaffold on the nanometer scale and the side-chain ordering on the subnanometer scale, which is the same as that of the homo-PBBHCS. Therefore, a three-length scale ordered hierarchical structure can be observed in the system we studied, namely, the microphase separation and the double-length scale LC structure of the MCSCLCP. The LC structure of PBBHCS is more stable in the diblock copolymer than that in the homopolymer with similar molecular weights. Therefore, not only PS-b-PBBHCS can fabricate more complex hierarchy structure but also the microphase separation can stabilize the hierarchical assembly of PBBHCS in the nanodomains.
Co-reporter:Liang Weng;Jiao-Jiao Yan;He-Lou Xie;Guan-Qun Zhong;Si-Qi Zhu;Hai-Liang Zhang;Er-Qiang Chen
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2013 Volume 51( Issue 9) pp:1912-1923
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.26585
Abstract
A series of novel polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) contained imidazolium, poly (2,5-bis{[6-(1-butyl-3′-imidazolium)hexyl] oxy carbonyl}styrene salts) (denoted as P1X−, X−Br−, BF4−, PF6− and TFSI−) were successfully synthesized via radical polymerization. The chemical structures of the monomers and their corresponding PILs were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that these PILs had excellent thermal stability. The phase transitions and liquid-crystalline (LC) behaviors of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The combined experimental results showed that all the PILs could form hexagonal columnar (ϕH) LC ordered structures because of the strong interaction between the anions and cations in the side groups except for P1TFSI−. The conductivities of monomers and PILs were sketchily investigated, and monomers had higher conductivities than those of conprespoding PILs. For comparison, we have synthesized a polymer without counter-anion, but similar to the chemical structure of P1X−, poly (2, 5-bis{[6-(4-butoxy-4′-oxy phenyl) hexyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (denoted as P2). In this case, phenyl took place of imidazolium of side chain, and LC ordered structure did not form. The comparison between P1X− and P2 suggested that ion played an important role in the constructing of LC ordered structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Co-reporter:Qunhui Hu, Yuming Shang, Yaowu Wang, Min Xu, Shubo Wang, Xiaofeng Xie, Yonggang Liu, Hailiang Zhang, Jinhai Wang, Zongqiang Mao
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2012 Volume 37(Issue 17) pp:12659-12665
Publication Date(Web):September 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.077
A series of fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole)s ionomers based on imidazolium salts (FPAEO-xMIM) were synthesized by quaternization of bromomethylated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole)s (FPAEO-xBrTM) with 1-methyl imidazole as aminating reagent. The anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared by casting method and then immerged in aqueous sodium hydroxide for hydroxide ion exchanging. The structure of the obtained ionomers was characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR measurements. The physical and electrochemical properties of the membranes were also investigated. The hydroxide conductivity of FPAEO-xMIM membranes was higher than 10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature, while the water uptake and swelling ratio was moderate even at elevated temperature. TGA analysis revealed that the membranes based on imidazolium salts had good thermal stability.Highlights► Novel fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole)s anion exchange membranes were prepared. ► Conductivity of the anion membranes was higher than 10−2 S/cm at room temperature. ► The obtained anion membranes are promising for the application in AEMFCs.
Co-reporter:Peng Liu;Helou Xie;Haoyu Tang;Guanqun Zhong
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2012 Volume 50( Issue 17) pp:3664-3673
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.26158
Abstract
A series of water-soluble semirigid thermoresponsive polymers with well-defined molecular weights based on mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers (MJLCPs), poly[bis(N-hydroxyisopropyl pyrrolidone) 2-vinylterephthalate] (PHIPPVTA) have been synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the novel monomer and polymers have thermoresponsive properties with cloud point in the range between 10 and 90 °C. The cloud point was increased by 56.2 °C when the polymer molecular weight increased from 0.47 × 104 g mol−1 to 3.69 × 104 g mol−1. In addition, the cloud point of PHIPPVTA was decreased by 18.8 °C with the increase of polymer concentration from 5 to 10 mg mL−1. A slight increase (0.1–3.5 °C) of cloud point has been observed after knocking off the end-groups of PHIPPVTA. Moreover, the cloud point of polymer increased with increasing of its molecular weight with or without the trithiocarbonate end-groups, which showed the opposite trend comparing with other thermoresponsive polymers with flexible backbones. These polymers show a dramatic solvent isotopic effect that the cloud point in D2O was lower than in H2O. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Co-reporter:Tianhui Hu;Helou Xie;Li Chen;Guanqun Zhong
Polymer International 2011 Volume 60( Issue 1) pp:93-101
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pi.2917
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with side-chain azobenzene liquid crystalline poly{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PMMAZO) was successfully achieved via atom transfer radical polymerization. The resultant samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy show that the liquid crystalline behavior of PMMAZO-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT-PMMAZO) is similar to that of the PMMAZO homopolymer. The orientation of MWNTs and CNT-PMMAZO in a PMMAZO matrix in the presence of an electric field was investigated. The results indicate that the orientation of MWNTs is dominated by the viscosity of the matrix, but the orientation of CNT-PMMAZO is controlled by both the viscosity and the presence of a liquid crystalline phase ascribed to the compatibility between MWNTs and PMMAZO becoming better after covalent modification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Co-reporter:He-Lou Xie, Shao-Jie Wang, Guan-Qun Zhong, Yi-Xin Liu, Hai-Liang Zhang, and Er-Qiang Chen
Macromolecules 2011 Volume 44(Issue 19) pp:7600-7609
Publication Date(Web):September 8, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ma200851v
Combining the concept of “flexible spacer” which can bring liquid crystalline (LC) properties to the side-chains and the side-group “jacketing” effect which can result in main-chain with rod-like conformation, we have synthesized a new combined main-chain/side-chain LC polymer based on radical polymerization, poly(2,5-bis{[6-(4-methoxy-4′-oxy-azobenzene)hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene) (denoted as P1) with two azobenzene groups per repeating unit. The chemical structures of P1 and the corresponding monomer were characterized using various techniques with satisfactory analysis data. The phase structures and transitions of P1 were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscope, and one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) wide-angle X-ray diffraction. We identify that P1 can form a hierarchically ordered structure with double orderings on both the nanometer and subnanometer length scales. Most likely, the thick main-chains of P1 obtained by “jacketing” the central rigid portion of terephthalate side-chain to the polyethylene backbone construct a 2D centered rectangular scaffold, which is stable until the sample becomes completely isotropic. The packing of side-chains inside the main-chain scaffold undergoes the transitions of smectic B- (SmB-) like ↔ smecitc A (SmA)-like ↔ isotropic. The confinement arising from the scaffold induces the SmB-like packing and enhances the stability of SmA-like structure. The hierarchically ordered structure of P1 renders a biaxial orientation with the side-chains perpendicular to the main-chains. We compared P1 with an end-on side-chain LC polymer of poly(4-{[6-(4-methoxy-4′-oxy-azobenzene)hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene) (denoted as P2). P2 bearing one mesogenic group per repeating unit forms a monolayer SmA phase, with the transition temperature much lower than that of P1. Upon UV irradiation, in contrast to that P2 will become isotropic, P1 can still exhibit LC behavior after the azobenzene groups adopt cis conformation.
Co-reporter:Tianhui Hu;Helou Xie;Li Chen;Sheng Chen
Polymer Bulletin 2011 Volume 67( Issue 6) pp:937-950
Publication Date(Web):2011 September
DOI:10.1007/s00289-010-0426-3
A series of liquid crystalline polyrotaxanes containing azobenzene mesogenic moieties (AzoPR) with different length of spacer were synthesized, and the relationship between the spacer length and the liquid crystalline behavior was investigated. The molecular characterization of the AzoPR was performed with 1H NMR, FT-IR, and gel permeation chromatography. The thermal stability was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis. Their phase structures and liquid crystalline properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The experimental results suggested that AzoPR with spacer length of 2 and 4 failed to show the liquid crystalline behavior, and AzoPR with spacer length of 6 showed the columnar nematic phase. However, when the spacer length increases to 11, the columnar nematic phase formed, meanwhile, the liquid crystalline domains with high ordered structure were developed by azobenzene mesogens.
Co-reporter:He-Lou Xie ; Chang-Kai Jie ; Zhen-Qiang Yu ; Xuan-Bo Liu ; Hai-Liang Zhang ; Zhihao Shen ; Er-Qiang Chen ;Qi-Feng Zhou
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010 Volume 132(Issue 23) pp:8071-8080
Publication Date(Web):May 21, 2010
DOI:10.1021/ja101184u
The liquid-crystalline (LC) phase structures and transitions of a combined main-chain/side-chain LC polymer (MCSCLCP) 1 obtained from radical polymerization of a 2-vinylterephthalate, poly(2,5-bis{[6-(4-butoxy-4′-oxybiphenyl) hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene), were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, one- and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (1D and 2D WAXD), and polarized light microscopy. We have found that 1 with sufficiently high molecular weight can self-assemble into a hierarchical structure with double orderings on the nanometer and subnanometer scales at low temperatures. The main chains of 1, which are rodlike as a result of the “jacketing” effect generated by the central rigid portion of the side chains laterally attached to every second carbon atom along the polyethylene backbone, form a 2D centered rectangular scaffold. The biphenyl-containing side chains fill the space between the main chains, forming a smectic E (SmE)-like structure with the side-chain axis perpendicular to that of the main chain. This biaxial orientation of 1 was confirmed by our 2D WAXD experiments through three orthogonal directions. The main-chain scaffold remains when the SmE-like packing is melted at elevated temperatures. Further heating leads to a normal smectic A (SmA) structure followed by the isotropic state. We found that when an external electric field was applied, the main-chain scaffold greatly inhibited the motion of the biphenyls. While the main chains gain a sufficiently high mobility in the SmA phase, macroscopic orientation of 1 can be achieved using a rather weak electric field, implying that the main and side chains with orthogonal directions can move cooperatively. Our work demonstrates that when two separate components, one offering the “jacketing” effect to the normally flexible backbone and the other with mesogens that form surrounding LC phases, are introduced simultaneously into the side chains, the polymer obtained can be described as an MCSCLCP with a fascinating hierarchically ordered structure.
Co-reporter:Chunhua Wang, Fangkai Du, Helou Xie, Hailiang Zhang, Erqiang Chen and Qifeng Zhou
Chemical Communications 2010 vol. 46(Issue 18) pp:3155-3157
Publication Date(Web):12 Mar 2010
DOI:10.1039/B923107B
Two novel semirigid smart polymers based on mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization, which showed both characteristic liquid crystal properties of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers and remarkably reversible thermoresponsive phase transition behaviors.
Co-reporter:Tianhui Hu, Jie Yi, Jianbo Xiao and Hailiang Zhang
Polymer Journal 2010 42(9) pp:752-758
Publication Date(Web):July 28, 2010
DOI:10.1038/pj.2010.67
Main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (MCSCLCPs) based on ethyl cellulose (AzomEC, m=2, 4, 6, where m is the length of the spacer between the main chain and mesogens) were successfully synthesized by N,N′-dicylcohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling. Molecular characterizations of the resultant polymers with different spacer lengths were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The phase transitions and liquid crystalline (LC) behaviors of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that spacer length has a tremendous effect on the LC behavior of the polymer. The glass transition temperatures, phase transition temperatures and the corresponding enthalpy of transitions decreased as the flexible spacer length increased. The mesophase structures of polymers consisted of a large-scale ordered lamellar structure composed of the EC main chain and a relatively small-scale ordered structure formed by azobenzene side chains. All the polymers form a similar lamellar structure on a large scale; however, the small-scale ordered structure becomes relatively disordered, that is, from crystal (m=2) to smectic B (m=4) to smectic A (m=6) at low temperatures.
Co-reporter:Tianhui Hu;Helou Xie;Jianbo Xiao;Erqiang Chen
Cellulose 2010 Volume 17( Issue 3) pp:547-558
Publication Date(Web):2010 June
DOI:10.1007/s10570-009-9392-z
A novel combined main-chain/side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer based on an ethyl cellulose main chain containing azobenzene mesogens (AzoEC) was successfully synthesized. Molecular characterization of the resulting polymers with different degrees of substitution (DS) was performed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The phase transitions and liquid-crystalline behavior of these polymers were investigated by differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The results indicate that DS has substantial effect on the liquid-crystalline behavior of these polymers. AzoEC with low DS only shows the cholesteric phase similar to ethyl cellulose (EC). However, when DS increases to a specific value, AzoEC begins to show fascinating supramolecular structures. The supramolecular structure of AzoEC with maximum DS consisted of a large-scale ordered lamellar structure formed by EC main chains and a small-scale ordered structure formed by azobenzene mesogens.
Co-reporter:Li Chen;Tian-Hui Hu;He-Lou Xie ;Hai-Liang Zhang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2010 Volume 48( Issue 13) pp:2838-2845
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.24060
Abstract
A well-defined structure liquid crystal heptakis [6-deoxy-6-(1-H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(methyl)6-(4-methoxybiphenyl-4′-yloxy) hexanoyl]-β-cyclodextrin (H6B-β-CD) was synthesized from propargyl 6-(4-methoxybiphenyl-4′-yloxy) hexanoate (P6B) and heptakis (6-deoxy-6-azido)-β-cyclodextrin ((N3)7-β-CD) by click reaction. The chemical structure of H6B-β-CD was confirmed by 1H NMR, FTIR, and MALDI-TOF MS. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid crystalline behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microcopy (POM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurement. These investigations have shown that the supramolecular structure of H6B-β-CD are consisted of a large scale ordered lamellar structure and a small scale ordered structure (SmE) at low temperature region. As the temperature increases, the small scale structure becomes disordered relatively in the first instance, from smectic E to smectic A. Then, the lamellar structure collapses and nematic phase and isotropic phase are observed in sequence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2838–2845, 2010
Co-reporter:Chang-An Yang;Guo Wang;Helou Xie;Qing Wang;Erqiang Chen;Qifeng Zhou
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2010 Volume 48( Issue 5) pp:1149-1159
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.23873
Abstract
The first- and second-generation dendronized polymers containing azobenzene mesogen were designed and successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization. The chemical structures of the monomers were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The molecular characterizations of the polymers were performed with 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The phase structures and transition behaviors were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scatter experiments. The experiment results revealed that the first-generation dendronized polymer exhibited liquid crystalline behavior of the conventional side-chain liquid crystalline polymer with azobenzene mesogen, that is, the polymer exhibited smectic phase structure at lower temperature and nematic phase structure at higher temperature. However, the second-generation dendronized polymers exhibited more versatile intriguing liquid crystalline structures, namely smectic phase structure at lower temperature and columnar nematic phase structure at higher temperature, and moreover, the phase structure still remained before the decomposition temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1149–1159, 2010
Co-reporter:Chang-An Yang, Guo Wang, He Lou Xie, Hai Liang Zhang
Polymer 2010 Volume 51(Issue 20) pp:4503-4510
Publication Date(Web):17 September 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.007
A series of new monomers of 2, 5-bis [(3, 4, 5-trialkoxy benzyl) oxycarbonyl] styrene (denoted as M-tri-OCmH2m + 1, m = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, where m indicated the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group) were designed and synthesized. Then, their corresponding polymers P-tri-OCmH2m + 1 (m = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the monomers was confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The molecular characterization of polymers was performed with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal stability of polymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The phase structure and transition behaviours were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). We found that P-tri-OCmH2m + 1 (m = 1, 2) with short n-alkoxy substituents as the tail form columnar nematic (ΦN) phase; that with the increasing length of alkoxy tails, P-tri-OCmH2m + 1 (m = 4, 6, 8) can demonstrate the hexagonal columnar (ΦH) phase; however, when the length of alkoxy tails exceeded a threshold, P-tri-OCmH2m + 1 (m = 10, 12) only develop into columnar nematic (ΦN) phase instead of ΦH phase.
Co-reporter:Chang-An Yang, Qian Tan, GuanQun Zhong, HeLou Xie, HaiLiang Zhang, Er-Qiang Chen, Qi-Feng Zhou
Polymer 2010 Volume 51(Issue 2) pp:422-429
Publication Date(Web):21 January 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.004
A series of vinyl monomers, 2, 5-bis [(4-methoxy benzyl) oxycarbonyl] styrene (MBCS); 2, 5-bis [(3, 5-dimethoxy benzyl) oxycarbonyl] styrene (DMBCS) and 2, 5-bis [(3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzyl) oxycarbonyl] styrene (TMBCS) were synthesized and polymerized via free radical polymerization. The terminal groups of the semirigid side chain were systematically varied to investigate the effects of their numbers on the ability of mesophase formation of the resultant polymers. The chemical structures of the monomers were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The characterization of the polymers was performed with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The phase structures and transition behaviors were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and one- and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The experimental results suggested that the ability of mesophase formation of the polymers decreased as the rigidity of side-chain group decreased and increased as the number of the alkoxy terminal group increased, and that all the polymers with high molecular weight showed stable columnar nematic phase (ΦN).
Co-reporter:Jie Yi;Qunxing Xu;Xuefei Zhang
Cellulose 2009 Volume 16( Issue 6) pp:
Publication Date(Web):2009 December
DOI:10.1007/s10570-009-9350-9
Temperature-induced copolymers of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (PDMAEMA-grafted CNC) were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The graft copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The size of the original CNC was 10–40 nm in width and 100–400 nm in length, as characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The liquid-crystalline properties of the graft copolymers were investigated by using polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The graft copolymers exhibited fingerprint texture in lyotropic state. The temperature-induced fingerprint texture changes of PDMAEMA-grafted CNC aqueous suspensions were investigated at various temperatures. With increasing temperature, the spacing of the fingerprint lines decreases. Temperature-induced changes of PDMAEMA polymer chains result in changes of fingerprint texture.
Co-reporter:Bin Ni;Xingzhu Wang;Huaguang Yu;Xuefei Zhang
Polymer Bulletin 2008 Volume 61( Issue 1) pp:
Publication Date(Web):2008 July
DOI:10.1007/s00289-008-0929-3
A novel diblock copolymer with a polyrotaxane block α-cyclodextrins-poly (ε-caprolactone)-b-poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxypheny)oxycabony]-styrene}
(α-CD-PCL-b-PMPCS) was successfully synthesized by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and
atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The diblock copolymer was confirmed by 1H
NMR, GPC and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopic analysis. Its phase
structures and phase transitions were investigated by thermogravimetric analyses and wide-angle X-ray
diffraction (WAXD). WAXD and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopic study
confirmed that inclusion complexes domains of the polyrotaxanes assumed a channel-type structure.
Co-reporter:Helou Xie;Tianhui Hu;Xuefei Zhang;Hailaing Zhang;Erqiang Chen;Qifeng Zhou
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008 Volume 46( Issue 22) pp:7310-7320
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.23035
Abstract
A novel combined main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymer based on mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers (MJLCPs) containing two biphenyls per mesogenic core of MJLCPs main chain, poly(2,5-bis{[6-(4-butoxy-4′-oxy-biphenyl)hexyl]oxycarbonyl}styrene) (P1–P8) was successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The chemical structure of the monomer was confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The molecular characterizations of the polymer with different molecular weights (P1–P8) were performed with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their phase transitions and liquid-crystalline behaviors of the polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). We found that the polymers P1–P8 exhibited similar behavior with three different liquid crystalline phases upon heating to or cooling in addition to isotropic state, which should be related to the complex liquid crystal property of the side-chain and the main-chain. Moreover, the transition temperatures of liquid crystalline phases of P1–P8 are found to be dependent on the molecular weight. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7310–7320, 2008
Co-reporter:Hailiang Zhang;Xiaoyi Sun;Xiayu Wang;Qi-Feng Zhou;Qi-Feng Zhou;Xiayu Wang;Xiaoyi Sun
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2005 Volume 26(Issue 5) pp:407-411
Publication Date(Web):23 FEB 2005
DOI:10.1002/marc.200400506
Summary: A novel ABC triblock copolymer with a rigid-rod block was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). First, a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-Br macroinitiator was synthesized by esterification of PEO with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, which was subsequently used in the preparation of a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer by ATRP. A poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene} (PEO-b-PMMA-b-PMPCS) triblock copolymer was then synthesized by ATRP using PEO-b-PMMA as a macroinitiator.
Co-reporter:Xing-Zhu Wang, Hai-Liang Zhang, Da-Chuan Shi, Jian-Fang Chen, Xia-Yu Wang, Qi-Feng Zhou
European Polymer Journal 2005 Volume 41(Issue 5) pp:933-940
Publication Date(Web):May 2005
DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.11.015
In this paper, two types of three-arm star mesogen-jacketed crystal polymers (MJLCPs) with different core (that is hard core and soft core) were synthesized by 2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene (MPCS), which was initiated by two different trifunctional initiators 1,3,5-(2′-bromo-2′-methylpropionato)benzene (Ia) and 1,1,1-tris(2-bromoisobutyryloxymethyl)propane (Ib), respectively. Characterization of these polymers by 1H NMR and GPC clearly supported the formation of a three-arm star-shaped PMPCS. The resulting three-arm star PMPCS possessed narrow molecular weight distribution, and its molecular weight (Mn,NMR) agreed well with the theoretical value, which reveals the quantitative initiation efficiency. The liquid-crystalline behaviors of the two types of three-arm star polymer with different structure were also investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). We found that the liquid-crystalline behavior was incorrelated with structure of core but correlated with the length of three-arm star polymer arm. Only each arm of the three-arm star-shaped polymers with a Mn,GPC beyond 0.90 × 104 g/mol could form a liquid crystalline phase,which was found to be stable up to the decomposition temperature of these tri-arm MJLCPs.
Co-reporter:Xingzhu Wang;Erqiang Chen;Qifeng Zhou;Xiayu Wang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2005 Volume 43(Issue 15) pp:3232-3244
Publication Date(Web):17 JUN 2005
DOI:10.1002/pola.20743
A series of novel multi-armed (di-, tri- and tetra-armed) mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers (MJLCPs) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of {2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene}(MPCS) using di-, tri- and tetrafunctional initiator, respectively. The results show that the number average molecular weight (Mn,GPC) was increased versus monomer conversion, and the polydispersities were quite narrow (<1.19), which is the characteristic of controlled polymerization. The chemical structures of these multi-armed mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR. The liquid crystalline behavior of these multi-armed MJLCPs with arms ranging from two to four was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). It was found that liquid crystalline phases appeared simply when the number molecular weights (Mn,GPC) of these multi-armed MJLCPs was higher than a certain critical values, that is, Mn,GPC > 1.87 × 104 g/mol, 1.84 × 104 g/mol, 2.69 × 104 and 3.68 × 104 g/mol, which were initiated by coil difunctional initiator, hard difunctional initiator, trifunctional initiator and tetrafunctional initiator, respectively. All the liquid crystalline phase was found to be stable up to the decomposition temperature of these multi-armed MJLCPs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3232–3244, 2005
Co-reporter:Hailiang Zhang;Xingzhu Wang;Mao Shi;Qifeng Zhou;Xiayu Wang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2005 Volume 43(Issue 4) pp:733-741
Publication Date(Web):4 JAN 2005
DOI:10.1002/pola.20540
A bromine capped star-shaped poly(methyl methacrylate) (S-PMMA-Br) was synthesized with CuBr/sparteine/PT-Br as a catalyst and initiator to polymerize methyl methacrylate (MMA) according to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Then, with S-PMMA-Br as a macroinitiator, a series of new liquid crystal rod–coil star block copolymers with different molecular weights and low polydispersity were obtained by this method. The block architecture {coil-conformation of the MMA segment and rigid-rod conformation of 2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl] styrene segment} of the four-armed rod–coil star block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR. The liquid-crystalline behavior of these copolymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. We found that the liquid-crystalline behavior depends on the molecular weight of the rigid segment; only the four-armed rod–coil star block copolymers with each arm's Mn,GPC of the rigid block beyond 0.91 × 104 g/mol could form liquid-crystalline phases above the glass-transition temperature of the rigid block. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 733–741, 2005
Co-reporter:Chunhua Wang, Fangkai Du, Helou Xie, Hailiang Zhang, Erqiang Chen and Qifeng Zhou
Chemical Communications 2010 - vol. 46(Issue 18) pp:NaN3157-3157
Publication Date(Web):2010/03/12
DOI:10.1039/B923107B
Two novel semirigid smart polymers based on mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization, which showed both characteristic liquid crystal properties of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystal polymers and remarkably reversible thermoresponsive phase transition behaviors.
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