Co-reporter:Yingxia Wang;Hao Cui;Zhang-Wen Wei;Hai-Ping Wang;Cheng-Yong Su
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 vol. 8(Issue 1) pp:775-780
Publication Date(Web):2016/12/19
DOI:10.1039/C6SC03288E
An iridium-porphyrin ligand, Ir(TCPP)Cl (TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), has been utilized to react with HfCl4 to generate a stable Ir(III)-porphyrin metal–organic framework of the formula [(Hf6(μ3-O)8(OH)2(H2O)10)2(Ir(TCPP)Cl)3]·solvents (Ir-PMOF-1(Hf)), which possesses two types of open cavities (1.9 × 1.9 × 1.9 and 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 nm3) crosslinked through orthogonal channels (1.9 × 1.9 nm2) in three directions. The smaller cavity is surrounded by four catalytic Ir(TCPP)Cl walls to form a confined coordination space as a molecular nanoreactor, while the larger one facilitates reactant/product feeding and release. Therefore, the porous Ir-PMOF-1(Hf) can act as a multi-channel crystalline molecular flask to promote the carbenoid insertion reaction into Si–H bonds, featuring high chemoselectivity towards primary silanes among primary, secondary and tertiary silanes under heterogeneous conditions that are inaccessible by conventional homogeneous catalysts.
Co-reporter:Hao Cui, Yingxia Wang, Yanhu Wang, Yan-Zhong Fan, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
CrystEngComm 2016 vol. 18(Issue 12) pp:2203-2209
Publication Date(Web):12 Feb 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CE00358C
Self-assembly of a new metalloporphyrin tetracarboxylic ligand Ir(TCPP)Cl (TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) with ZrCl4 in the presence of benzoic acid leads to the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) iridium(III)-porphyrin metal–organic framework (Ir-PMOF) with the formula of [(Zr6(μ3-O)8(OH)2(H2O)10)2(Ir(TCPP)Cl)3]·solvents (Ir-PMOF-1(Zr)), which possesses square-shaped channels of 1.9 × 1.9 nm2 (atom-to-atom distances across opposite Ir metal atoms) in three orthogonal directions as disclosed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Ir-PMOF-1(Zr) represents the first MOF bearing a self-supporting iridium-porphyrin catalytic framework, featuring high porosity and stability. The catalytic tests disclose that the activated Ir-PMOF-1(Zr) can promote O–H insertion with a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 4260 h−1. Ir-PMOF-1(Zr) can be recycled and reused for 10 runs without significant loss of catalytic activity, and the total turnover number (TON) for O–H insertion after 10 successive runs reaches 875.
Co-reporter:Dong Zhu;Jun Ma;Kui Luo;Hongguang Fu;Dr. Li Zhang;Dr. Shifa Zhu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2016 Volume 55( Issue 29) pp:8452-8456
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201604211
Abstract
The first enantioselective intramolecular C−H insertion and cyclopropanation reactions of donor- and donor/donor-carbenes by a nondiazo approach are reported. The reactions were conducted in a one-pot manner without slow addition and provided the desired dihydroindole, dihydrobenzofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyrrole derivatives with up to 99 % ee and 100 % atom efficiency.
Co-reporter:Dong Zhu;Jun Ma;Kui Luo;Hongguang Fu;Dr. Li Zhang;Dr. Shifa Zhu
Angewandte Chemie 2016 Volume 128( Issue 29) pp:8592-8596
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201604211
Abstract
The first enantioselective intramolecular C−H insertion and cyclopropanation reactions of donor- and donor/donor-carbenes by a nondiazo approach are reported. The reactions were conducted in a one-pot manner without slow addition and provided the desired dihydroindole, dihydrobenzofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyrrole derivatives with up to 99 % ee and 100 % atom efficiency.
Co-reporter:Lianfen Chen, Tao Yang, Hao Cui, Tao Cai, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 40) pp:20201-20209
Publication Date(Web):28 Aug 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TA05592J
Self-assembly of dirhodium(II) tetraacetate (Rh2(OAc)4) with a dicarboxylic acid 3,3′-(1,3-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))dibenzoic acid (H2pbeddb) gives rise to a metal–organic cage (MOC) containing Rh–Rh bonds with the formula of [Rh4(pbeddb)4(H2O)2(DMAC)2] (MOC-Rh-1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that MOC-Rh-1 shows a lantern-type cage structure, in which a pair of Rh2(CO2)4 paddlewheels is linked by four diacid ligands. The dimensions of the inner cavity of MOC-Rh-1 are 9.5 × 14.8 Å2 (atom-to-atom distances across opposite metal and phenyl groups of pbeddb2−). In the solid phase, the cages are aligned by π–π stacking to form one-dimensional channels (9.5 × 11.1 Å2) through cage windows. Therefore, the crystalline samples of MOC-Rh-1 are porous with the inner and outer cavities of the cages accessible under the heterogeneous condition. MOC-Rh-1 has been fully characterized by EA, TGA, PXRD, IR, UV-vis and XPS measurements. The catalytic tests disclose that activated MOC-Rh-1 is effective in the intramolecular C–H amination of vinyl, dienyl and biaryl azides, leading to the formation of indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles, respectively, and the porous catalyst can be recycled easily and used for at least nine runs without significant loss of activity. In the nine runs, the conversions were in the range of 93–99%, whereas in the tenth run, the conversion was reduced to 78%.
Co-reporter:Lianfen Chen, Jian Kang, Hao Cui, Yingxia Wang, Lan Liu, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Dalton Transactions 2015 vol. 44(Issue 27) pp:12180-12188
Publication Date(Web):19 Feb 2015
DOI:10.1039/C4DT03782K
A series of homochiral metal–organic cages (MOCs) have been obtained from self-assembly of Cu(II) salts with chiral N,N′-(bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-tetracarboxylic)-bis-amino acids. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that these compounds show a lantern-type cage structure, in which one pair of Cu2(CO2)4 paddlewheels is linked by four diacid ligands. The resulting homochiral cages have been fully characterized by EA, TOF-MS, TGA, VTPXRD, IR, UV, and CD measurements. The catalytic tests reveal that these Cu(II) cages are effective in cyclopropanation with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 E/Z). In addition, the cage catalysts can promote the aziridination reaction with PhINNs.
Co-reporter:Jiewei Liu, Lianfen Chen, Hao Cui, Jianyong Zhang, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Chemical Society Reviews 2014 vol. 43(Issue 16) pp:6011-6061
Publication Date(Web):29 May 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4CS00094C
This review summarizes the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a versatile supramolecular platform to develop heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of organic reactions, especially for liquid-phase reactions. Following a background introduction about catalytic relevance to various metal–organic materials, crystal engineering of MOFs, characterization and evaluation methods of MOF catalysis, we categorize catalytic MOFs based on the types of active sites, including coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUMs), metalloligands, functional organic sites (FOS), as well as metal nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in the cavities. Throughout the review, we emphasize the incidental or deliberate formation of active sites, the stability, heterogeneity and shape/size selectivity for MOF catalysis. Finally, we briefly introduce their relevance into photo- and biomimetic catalysis, and compare MOFs with other typical porous solids such as zeolites and mesoporous silica with regard to their different attributes, and provide our view on future trends and developments in MOF-based catalysis.
Co-reporter:Qi-Ting He, Xiang-Ping Li, Lian-Fen Chen, Li Zhang, Wei Wang, and Cheng-Yong Su
ACS Catalysis 2013 Volume 3(Issue 1) pp:1
Publication Date(Web):November 13, 2012
DOI:10.1021/cs300640r
The intermolecular catalysis toward the oxidation of hydrocarbons has been studied with a series of nanoscale coordination cages [CuI4L4]4+, which are characteristic of the inherent catalytic activity by installing multiple Cu+ redox active ions on the cage vertices. The catalytic reactions take place out-cage on the surface active Cu+ sites, while the catalytic activity can be modulated in-cage by the guest anions, establishing an unprecedented host–guest regulable catalysis structural model for coordination cages in the sense of supramolecular catalysis. The catalytic behavior and mechanism, reactivity-structure relationship, and recyclable use of the cage catalysts have been thoroughly explored, in an effort to find the way to achieving robust catalysis through careful tuning of the solution stability and redox activity of cage structures by changing size and shape of guest anions.Keywords: cage compounds; copper; C−H activation; host−guest system; supramolecular catalysis
Co-reporter:Tao Yang, Hao Cui, Changhe Zhang, Li Zhang, and Cheng-Yong Su
Inorganic Chemistry 2013 Volume 52(Issue 15) pp:9053-9059
Publication Date(Web):July 25, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ic4012229
The robustly porous metal–organic framework MOF–Cu2I2(BTTP4) (BTTP4 = benzene-1,3,5-triyl triisonicotinate) was shown to work as an efficiently heterogeneous catalyst for the three-component coupling of sulfonyl azides, alkynes, and amines, leading to the formation of N-sulfonyl amidines in good yields. MOF–Cu2I2(BTTP4) can be recycled by simple filtration and reused at least four times without any loss in yield. Studies of the ligand effects on the three-component coupling reactions showed that BTTP4 could enhance the rate, as well as the chemoselectivity, when aromatic alkynes were employed. The catalytic process has been thoroughly studied by means of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, gas and solvent adsorption, in situ 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and ICP analysis of Cu leaching.
Co-reporter:Tao Yang;Hao Cui;Changhe Zhang; Li Zhang; Cheng-Yong Su
ChemCatChem 2013 Volume 5( Issue 10) pp:3131-3138
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/cctc.201300241
Abstract
A reliable procedure for the synthesis of oxysulfonyl azides has been developed and applied to the three-component coupling reactions of azides, alkynes, and amines catalyzed homogeneously by CuI, which led to the formation of N-oxysulfonyl amidines with good yields. To fully evaluate the catalytic activity towards this coupling reaction, two coordination frameworks, namely, Cu2I2(PDIN) without micropores and Cu2I2(BTTP4) with micropores (PDIN=1,4-phenylene diisonicotinate, BTTP4=benzene-1,3,5-triyltriisonicotinate), were prepared by a facile one-pot reaction as heterogeneous catalysts. Catalytic results showed that nonporous Cu2I2(PDIN) was almost inactive for the three-component coupling reaction, whereas microporous Cu2I2(BTTP4) was an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-oxysulfonyl amidines. Furthermore, porous Cu2I2(BTTP4) displayed a shape-selective performance with respect to the alkyne substrates, and aromatic alkynes were preferable to aliphatic alkynes. The location of the catalytically active sites in the Cu2I2(BTTP4) framework has been studied by a series physical techniques, which includes powder XRD, CO2 gas adsorption, IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which suggests that the catalytic sites are not only on the external surface but also inside the micropores.
Co-reporter:Xiao-Ming Lin, Ting-Ting Li, Lian-Fen Chen, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Dalton Transactions 2012 vol. 41(Issue 34) pp:10422-10429
Publication Date(Web):18 Jun 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2DT30935A
A microporous Pb(II) metal–organic framework (MOF) [PbL2]·2DMF·6H2O (1) has been assembled from a N-oxide and amide doubly functionalized ligand HL (= N-(4-carboxyphenyl)isonicotinamide 1-oxide). Complex 1 features a three-dimensional (3D) framework possessing one-dimensional (1D) rhombic channels with dimensions of 13 × 13 Å2. The 3D framework is built up from 1D PbO2 chains that link ligands in parallel fashion to construct single-wall channels. When recrystallizing 1 in a DMSO–DMF mixture (3:5 v/v), a new coordination polymer, [PbL2]·DMF·2H2O (2), was obtained. Complex 2 is also a 3D framework containing 1D rectangular channels, but the channel dimensions become reduced in size to 13 × 8 Å2 due to reorganization of the Pb(II) coordination environment. The PbO2 chains in 2 are reformed to link ligands in a double-wall fashion, significantly reducing the channel size. Even though, the guest exchange study indicates that the DMF molecules in 2 could be replaced with benzene molecules when immersing in benzene solvent, showing single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC–SC) guest exchange in the solid state and leading to a daughter crystal [PbL2]·0.5C6H6·2H2O (2′). Desolvated 1 and 2 display preferential adsorption behaviors of water vapour over CO2 due to the hydrophilic nature of the channels and the strong host–guest interactions. Catalytic tests indicate that desolvated 1 and 2 have size-selective catalytic activity towards the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Co-reporter:Xiao-Ming Lin;Ting-Ting Li;Yi-Wei Wang;Dr. Li Zhang;Dr. Cheng-Yong Su
Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2012 Volume 7( Issue 12) pp:2796-2804
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/asia.201200601
Abstract
Assembly of Zn(NO3)2 with the tripodal ligand H3TCPB (1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzene) affords two porous isoreticular metal-organic frameworks, [Zn3(TCPB)2⋅2DEF]⋅ 3DEF (1) and [Zn3(TCPB)2⋅2H2O]⋅ 2H2O⋅4DMF (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c and possesses a 2D network containing 1D microporous opening channels with an effective size of 3.0×2.9 Å2, whereas 2 crystallizes in the trigonal space group c1 and also possesses a 2D network containing 1D channels, with an effective aperture of 4.0×4.0 Å2. TOPOS analysis reveals that both 1 and 2 have a (3,6)-connected network topology with the Schläfli symbol of (43⋅612) (43)2. According to the variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction patterns, the solid phase of 1 can be converted into that of 2 during a temperature-induced dynamic structural transformation, thus indicating that the framework of 2 represents the most thermally stable polymorph. Desolvated 2 exhibits highly selective adsorption behaviors toward H2/N2, CO2/N2, and CO2/CH4; furthermore, it displays size-selective catalytic activity towards carbonyl cyanosilylation and Henry (nitroaldol) reactions.
Co-reporter:Yingxia Wang, Hao Cui, Zhang-Wen Wei, Hai-Ping Wang, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 - vol. 8(Issue 1) pp:NaN780-780
Publication Date(Web):2016/09/01
DOI:10.1039/C6SC03288E
An iridium-porphyrin ligand, Ir(TCPP)Cl (TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), has been utilized to react with HfCl4 to generate a stable Ir(III)-porphyrin metal–organic framework of the formula [(Hf6(μ3-O)8(OH)2(H2O)10)2(Ir(TCPP)Cl)3]·solvents (Ir-PMOF-1(Hf)), which possesses two types of open cavities (1.9 × 1.9 × 1.9 and 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 nm3) crosslinked through orthogonal channels (1.9 × 1.9 nm2) in three directions. The smaller cavity is surrounded by four catalytic Ir(TCPP)Cl walls to form a confined coordination space as a molecular nanoreactor, while the larger one facilitates reactant/product feeding and release. Therefore, the porous Ir-PMOF-1(Hf) can act as a multi-channel crystalline molecular flask to promote the carbenoid insertion reaction into Si–H bonds, featuring high chemoselectivity towards primary silanes among primary, secondary and tertiary silanes under heterogeneous conditions that are inaccessible by conventional homogeneous catalysts.
Co-reporter:Lianfen Chen, Jian Kang, Hao Cui, Yingxia Wang, Lan Liu, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Dalton Transactions 2015 - vol. 44(Issue 27) pp:NaN12188-12188
Publication Date(Web):2015/02/19
DOI:10.1039/C4DT03782K
A series of homochiral metal–organic cages (MOCs) have been obtained from self-assembly of Cu(II) salts with chiral N,N′-(bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-tetracarboxylic)-bis-amino acids. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that these compounds show a lantern-type cage structure, in which one pair of Cu2(CO2)4 paddlewheels is linked by four diacid ligands. The resulting homochiral cages have been fully characterized by EA, TOF-MS, TGA, VTPXRD, IR, UV, and CD measurements. The catalytic tests reveal that these Cu(II) cages are effective in cyclopropanation with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 E/Z). In addition, the cage catalysts can promote the aziridination reaction with PhINNs.
Co-reporter:Xiao-Ming Lin, Ting-Ting Li, Lian-Fen Chen, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Dalton Transactions 2012 - vol. 41(Issue 34) pp:NaN10429-10429
Publication Date(Web):2012/06/18
DOI:10.1039/C2DT30935A
A microporous Pb(II) metal–organic framework (MOF) [PbL2]·2DMF·6H2O (1) has been assembled from a N-oxide and amide doubly functionalized ligand HL (= N-(4-carboxyphenyl)isonicotinamide 1-oxide). Complex 1 features a three-dimensional (3D) framework possessing one-dimensional (1D) rhombic channels with dimensions of 13 × 13 Å2. The 3D framework is built up from 1D PbO2 chains that link ligands in parallel fashion to construct single-wall channels. When recrystallizing 1 in a DMSO–DMF mixture (3:5 v/v), a new coordination polymer, [PbL2]·DMF·2H2O (2), was obtained. Complex 2 is also a 3D framework containing 1D rectangular channels, but the channel dimensions become reduced in size to 13 × 8 Å2 due to reorganization of the Pb(II) coordination environment. The PbO2 chains in 2 are reformed to link ligands in a double-wall fashion, significantly reducing the channel size. Even though, the guest exchange study indicates that the DMF molecules in 2 could be replaced with benzene molecules when immersing in benzene solvent, showing single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC–SC) guest exchange in the solid state and leading to a daughter crystal [PbL2]·0.5C6H6·2H2O (2′). Desolvated 1 and 2 display preferential adsorption behaviors of water vapour over CO2 due to the hydrophilic nature of the channels and the strong host–guest interactions. Catalytic tests indicate that desolvated 1 and 2 have size-selective catalytic activity towards the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Co-reporter:Lianfen Chen, Tao Yang, Hao Cui, Tao Cai, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 40) pp:NaN20209-20209
Publication Date(Web):2015/08/28
DOI:10.1039/C5TA05592J
Self-assembly of dirhodium(II) tetraacetate (Rh2(OAc)4) with a dicarboxylic acid 3,3′-(1,3-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))dibenzoic acid (H2pbeddb) gives rise to a metal–organic cage (MOC) containing Rh–Rh bonds with the formula of [Rh4(pbeddb)4(H2O)2(DMAC)2] (MOC-Rh-1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that MOC-Rh-1 shows a lantern-type cage structure, in which a pair of Rh2(CO2)4 paddlewheels is linked by four diacid ligands. The dimensions of the inner cavity of MOC-Rh-1 are 9.5 × 14.8 Å2 (atom-to-atom distances across opposite metal and phenyl groups of pbeddb2−). In the solid phase, the cages are aligned by π–π stacking to form one-dimensional channels (9.5 × 11.1 Å2) through cage windows. Therefore, the crystalline samples of MOC-Rh-1 are porous with the inner and outer cavities of the cages accessible under the heterogeneous condition. MOC-Rh-1 has been fully characterized by EA, TGA, PXRD, IR, UV-vis and XPS measurements. The catalytic tests disclose that activated MOC-Rh-1 is effective in the intramolecular C–H amination of vinyl, dienyl and biaryl azides, leading to the formation of indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles, respectively, and the porous catalyst can be recycled easily and used for at least nine runs without significant loss of activity. In the nine runs, the conversions were in the range of 93–99%, whereas in the tenth run, the conversion was reduced to 78%.
Co-reporter:Jiewei Liu, Lianfen Chen, Hao Cui, Jianyong Zhang, Li Zhang and Cheng-Yong Su
Chemical Society Reviews 2014 - vol. 43(Issue 16) pp:NaN6061-6061
Publication Date(Web):2014/05/29
DOI:10.1039/C4CS00094C
This review summarizes the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a versatile supramolecular platform to develop heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of organic reactions, especially for liquid-phase reactions. Following a background introduction about catalytic relevance to various metal–organic materials, crystal engineering of MOFs, characterization and evaluation methods of MOF catalysis, we categorize catalytic MOFs based on the types of active sites, including coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUMs), metalloligands, functional organic sites (FOS), as well as metal nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in the cavities. Throughout the review, we emphasize the incidental or deliberate formation of active sites, the stability, heterogeneity and shape/size selectivity for MOF catalysis. Finally, we briefly introduce their relevance into photo- and biomimetic catalysis, and compare MOFs with other typical porous solids such as zeolites and mesoporous silica with regard to their different attributes, and provide our view on future trends and developments in MOF-based catalysis.