Two novel heterodimers, denticulatains A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the fronds of Macaranga denticulata. They possess an unprecedented stilbene–diterpene-type skeleton, which represents a unique class of prenylated stilbene. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition ratios of 22.1% and 27.5%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM.

Three new minor prenylated flavonoids, named macadenanthins A–C (1–3), together with three known ones (4–6), were isolated from the twigs of Macaranga adenantha. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including NMR, UV and MS. The prenyl moieties in compounds 1–3 were further modified by cyclization and hydroxylation. The new compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Hep G2, Hela and P388) and showed IC50 values in the range of 13.76–22.27 μM.

Four new jatropholane-type diterpenes (1–4), named sikkimenoids A–D, were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia sikkimensis. The structural elucidations of 1–4 were accomplished by extensive NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were established by ECD calculations. Compound 2 exhibited weak antiangiogenic activity with an IC50 value of 43.0 μM when evaluated using a zebrafish model.

Twenty known compounds were isolated from Viscum album L. var. meridianum Danser. As major compounds, flavanones, flavanone glycosides and triterpenenes could be chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Viscum according to our study and literatures.Highlights► This is the first report of the chemical composition of V. album var. meridianum. ► Twenty known compounds were isolated from V.album var. meridianum. ► Flavanones and triterpenenes could be chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Viscum.