Co-reporter:Stefan S. Rudel
Dalton Transactions 2017 vol. 46(Issue 18) pp:5835-5842
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/09
DOI:10.1039/C7DT00726D
Herein we describe convenient lab scale syntheses of several uranium(IV) halides of high purity by reaction of AlX3 (X = Cl, Br and I) with UO2, which is readily available by reduction of uranyl salts like UO2(NO3)2·6H2O. UCl4, UBr4, and UI4 are obtained in the form of aggregates of large single crystals. Their identities and purity were checked by powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The syntheses introduced here avoid the need for pure metallic uranium and are based on more readily available starting materials, UO2, which does not even have to be pure, and the respective aluminium halide. Chemical vapor transport (CVT) is applied in situ for purification of the products.
Co-reporter:Benjamin Scheibe;Stefan S. Rudel;Dr. Magnus R. Buchner; Dr. Antti J. Karttunen; Dr. Florian Kraus
Chemistry - A European Journal 2017 Volume 23(Issue 2) pp:291-295
Publication Date(Web):2017/01/05
DOI:10.1002/chem.201605293
Abstractβ-Uranium(V) fluoride was reacted with liquid anhydrous hydrogen cyanide to obtain a 1D coordination polymer with the composition [UF5(HCN)2], [UF4/1F2/2- (HCN)2/1], revealed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The reaction system was furthermore studied by means of vibrational and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by quantum chemical calculations. The compound presents the first described polymeric HCN Lewis adduct and the first HCN adduct of a uranium fluoride.
Co-reporter:S. I. Ivlev;D. V. Akimov;N. B. Egorov
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 2016 Volume 147( Issue 2) pp:279-288
Publication Date(Web):2016 February
DOI:10.1007/s00706-015-1603-8
Lithium perchlorate monohydrate was synthesized and characterized. The compound crystallizes isotypic to sodium perchlorate monohydrate in the monoclinic space group type C2/c with a = 14.2592(6) Å, b = 5.2921(2) Å, c = 10.3382(4) Å, β = 111.765(2)°, V = 724.52(5) Å3, Z = 8, at T = 110 K. Additionally, we investigated the compound by means of IR and Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG/DSC), and solid-state computational calculations.
Co-reporter:Sergei I. Ivlev;Roman V. Ostvald
Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 2016 Volume 147( Issue 10) pp:1661-1668
Publication Date(Web):2016 October
DOI:10.1007/s00706-016-1799-2
Sodium tetrafluoridobromate(III) was synthesized and characterized. The compound crystallizes isotypic to potassium and rubidium tetrafluoridobromate(III) in the tetragonal space group type I4/mcm with a = 5.7239(8) Å, c = 10.331(2) Å, V = 338.47(12) Å3, and Z = 4 at T = 110 K. Also, the compound was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
Co-reporter:Benjamin Scheibe;Sina Lippert;Stefan S. Rudel;Dr. Magnus R. Buchner;Dr. Olaf Burghaus;Clemens Pietzonka;Dr. Martin Koch;Dr. Antti J. Karttunen;Dr. Florian Kraus
Chemistry - A European Journal 2016 Volume 22( Issue 34) pp:12145-12153
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201602265
Abstract
We have synthesized NOUF6 by direct reaction of NO with UF6 in anhydrous HF (aHF). Based on the unit cell volume and powder diffraction data, the compound was previously reported to be isotypic to O2PtF6, however, detailed structural data, such as the atom positions and all information that can be derived from those, were unavailable. We have therefore investigated the compound by using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, as well as chemical analysis, density determination, and quantum chemical calculations.
Co-reporter:M.Sc. Dominik Naglav;Dr. Magnus R. Buchner;M.Sc. Georg Bendt;Dr. Florian Kraus;Dr. Stephan Schulz
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2016 Volume 55( Issue 36) pp:10562-10576
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201601809
Abstract
This Minireview aims to give an introduction to beryllium chemistry for all less-experienced scientists in this field of research. Up to date information on the toxicity of beryllium and its compounds are reviewed and several basic and necessary guidelines for a safe and proper handling in modern chemical research laboratories are presented. Interesting phenomenological observations are described that are related directly to the uniqueness of this element, which are also put into historical context. Herein we combine the contributions and experiences of many scientist that work passionately in this field. We want to encourage fellow scientists to reconcile the long-standing reservations about beryllium and its compounds and motivate intense research on this spurned element. Who on earth should be able to deal with beryllium and its compounds if not chemists?
Co-reporter:M.Sc. Dominik Naglav;Dr. Magnus R. Buchner;M.Sc. Georg Bendt;Dr. Florian Kraus;Dr. Stephan Schulz
Angewandte Chemie 2016 Volume 128( Issue 36) pp:10718-10733
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201601809
Abstract
Dieser Kurzaufsatz soll eine Einführung für alle weniger Erfahrenen auf dem Gebiet der Berylliumchemie darstellen. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse über die Giftigkeit des Elements und seiner Verbindungen werden rezensiert und diverse grundlegende und nötige Orientierungshilfen für die sichere und richtige Handhabung in modernen chemischen Forschungslaboren vorgestellt. Phänomenologische Beobachtungen bezüglich der Einzigartigkeit des Elements und seiner Chemie werden mitgeteilt und in den historischen Kontext gestellt. Wir fassen viele Beiträge und Erfahrungen von auf diesem Gebiet leidenschaftlich tätigen Wissenschaftlern zusammen. Es ist uns ein Herzensanliegen, dass unsere Kommilitonen die über Generationen aufgebauten Vorbehalte gegenüber Beryllium und seinen Verbindungen kritisch hinterfragen und überdenken und so eine neue Ära intensiver Forschung zu diesem verschmähten Element eingeleitet wird. Wer in aller Welt soll denn das Beryllium und seine Verbindungen sicherer und fachkundiger handhaben können als wir Chemiker?
Co-reporter:Patrick Woidy, Antti J. Karttunen, Stefan S. Rudel and Florian Kraus
Chemical Communications 2015 vol. 51(Issue 59) pp:11826-11829
Publication Date(Web):25 Jun 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5CC04411A
TiCl3 and NH3 form octaammine titanium(III) chloride ammonia (1/6), [Ti(NH3)8]Cl3·6NH3, which is the first structurally characterized octaammine complex of a transition metal. An excess of TiCl3 reacts with UF4 in liquid NH3 and forms octaammine fluorido uranium(IV) chloride ammonia (1/3.5), [UF(NH3)8]Cl3·3.5NH3. It shows a distorted threefold-capped trigonal-prismatic coordination sphere around U(IV).
Co-reporter:F. Deiser, F. Kraus and H. Schmidbaur
Chemical Communications 2015 vol. 51(Issue 31) pp:6746-6748
Publication Date(Web):10 Mar 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5CC01446H
The 1:4 and 1:2 complexes of silver perrhenate and triphenylphosphine, [(Ph3P)4Ag]+ ReO4− and [(Ph3P)2AgReO4]2, have been prepared and their structures determined in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. The former is composed of independent ions, while in the latter the ions are aggregated into cyclic dimers. The silver centers are tetracoordinated including contact with two bridging perrhenate anions, setting this structure apart from that of its gold analogue [(Ph3P)2Au]+ ReO4− where the gold centers are strictly two-coordinate.
Co-reporter:Patrick Woidy, Michael Bühl and Florian Kraus
Dalton Transactions 2015 vol. 44(Issue 16) pp:7332-7337
Publication Date(Web):16 Mar 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5DT00180C
Pentaammine dioxido uranium(VI) dibromide ammonia (1/1), [UO2(NH3)5]Br2·NH3, was synthesized in the form of yellow crystals by the reaction of uranyl bromide, UO2Br2, with dry liquid ammonia. The compound crystallizes orthorhombic in space group Cmcm and is isotypic to [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3 with a = 13.2499(2), b = 10.5536(1), c = 8.9126(1) Å, V = 1246.29(3) Å3 and Z = 4 at 123 K. The UO22+ cation is coordinated by five ammine ligands and the coordination polyhedron can be best described as pentagonal bipyramid. Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations are reported for [UO2(NH3)5]2+ in the gas phase and in liquid NH3 solution (using the BLYP density functional). According to free-energy simulations, solvation by ammonia has only a small effect on the uranyl–NH3 bond strength.
Co-reporter:Dipl.-Chem. Patrick Woidy;Dr. Antti J. Karttunen;Dr. Marc Widenmeyer;Dr. Rainer Niewa;Dr. Florian Kraus
Chemistry - A European Journal 2015 Volume 21( Issue 8) pp:3290-3303
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201406136
Abstract
Our attempts to synthesize the hitherto unknown binary copper(I) fluoride have led to first successes and a serendipitious result: By conproportionation of elemental copper and copper(II) fluoride in anhydrous liquid ammonia, two copper(I) fluorides were obtained as simple NH3 complexes. One of them presents an example of ligand-unsupported “cuprophilic” interactions in an infinite [Cu2(NH3)4]2+ chain with alternating Cu–Cu distances. We discovered that both copper(I) fluorides can easily be converted into Cu3N at room temperature, just by applying a vacuum. Additionally, we investigated the formation mechanism of the classical synthesis route of Cu3N that starts with CuF2 and flowing NH3 in the temperature range between ambient and 290 °C by means of thermal analysis and in situ neutron diffraction. The reaction proceeds at elevated temperatures through the formation of a blue and amorphous ammoniate Cu(NH3)2F2, the reformation of CuF2, and finally the redox reaction to form Cu3N.
Co-reporter:Sergey Ivlev;Vasily Sobolev;Markus Hoelzel;Antti J. Karttunen;Thomas Müller;Ivan Gerin;Roman Ostvald
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2014 Volume 2014( Issue 36) pp:6261-6267
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ejic.201402849
Abstract
Alkali and alkaline earth metal tetrafluoridobromates MIBrF4, MII(BrF4)2 (MI = Na–Cs, MII = Sr, Ba) can be synthesized from the respective fluorides and BrF3. The reaction of BaF2 with liquid BrF3 under Freon-113 leads to the formation of Ba(BrF4)2 as a colorless microcrystalline powder. Here, we discuss its formation kinetics and thermodynamics. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I with a = 9.65081(11) Å, c = 8.03453(13) Å, V = 748.32(2) Å3, and Z = 4 at 27 °C, and it is isotypic to Ba(AuF4)2. The structure contains square planar BrF4– anions. The compound is stable at ambient conditions excluding moisture and at temperatures up to approximately 200 °C. Solid-state computational calculations of the Raman and IR spectra are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones, and in combination with its powder X-ray diffraction pattern, density measurement, thermodynamics, elemental and EDXRF analyses, this shows that the compound is pure.
Co-reporter:F. Deiser, F. Kraus and H. Schmidbaur
Chemical Communications 2015 - vol. 51(Issue 31) pp:NaN6748-6748
Publication Date(Web):2015/03/10
DOI:10.1039/C5CC01446H
The 1:4 and 1:2 complexes of silver perrhenate and triphenylphosphine, [(Ph3P)4Ag]+ ReO4− and [(Ph3P)2AgReO4]2, have been prepared and their structures determined in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. The former is composed of independent ions, while in the latter the ions are aggregated into cyclic dimers. The silver centers are tetracoordinated including contact with two bridging perrhenate anions, setting this structure apart from that of its gold analogue [(Ph3P)2Au]+ ReO4− where the gold centers are strictly two-coordinate.
Co-reporter:Patrick Woidy, Antti J. Karttunen, Stefan S. Rudel and Florian Kraus
Chemical Communications 2015 - vol. 51(Issue 59) pp:NaN11829-11829
Publication Date(Web):2015/06/25
DOI:10.1039/C5CC04411A
TiCl3 and NH3 form octaammine titanium(III) chloride ammonia (1/6), [Ti(NH3)8]Cl3·6NH3, which is the first structurally characterized octaammine complex of a transition metal. An excess of TiCl3 reacts with UF4 in liquid NH3 and forms octaammine fluorido uranium(IV) chloride ammonia (1/3.5), [UF(NH3)8]Cl3·3.5NH3. It shows a distorted threefold-capped trigonal-prismatic coordination sphere around U(IV).
Co-reporter:Patrick Woidy, Michael Bühl and Florian Kraus
Dalton Transactions 2015 - vol. 44(Issue 16) pp:NaN7337-7337
Publication Date(Web):2015/03/16
DOI:10.1039/C5DT00180C
Pentaammine dioxido uranium(VI) dibromide ammonia (1/1), [UO2(NH3)5]Br2·NH3, was synthesized in the form of yellow crystals by the reaction of uranyl bromide, UO2Br2, with dry liquid ammonia. The compound crystallizes orthorhombic in space group Cmcm and is isotypic to [UO2(NH3)5]Cl2·NH3 with a = 13.2499(2), b = 10.5536(1), c = 8.9126(1) Å, V = 1246.29(3) Å3 and Z = 4 at 123 K. The UO22+ cation is coordinated by five ammine ligands and the coordination polyhedron can be best described as pentagonal bipyramid. Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations are reported for [UO2(NH3)5]2+ in the gas phase and in liquid NH3 solution (using the BLYP density functional). According to free-energy simulations, solvation by ammonia has only a small effect on the uranyl–NH3 bond strength.
Co-reporter:Stefan S. Rudel and Florian Kraus
Dalton Transactions 2017 - vol. 46(Issue 18) pp:NaN5842-5842
Publication Date(Web):2017/04/21
DOI:10.1039/C7DT00726D
Herein we describe convenient lab scale syntheses of several uranium(IV) halides of high purity by reaction of AlX3 (X = Cl, Br and I) with UO2, which is readily available by reduction of uranyl salts like UO2(NO3)2·6H2O. UCl4, UBr4, and UI4 are obtained in the form of aggregates of large single crystals. Their identities and purity were checked by powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The syntheses introduced here avoid the need for pure metallic uranium and are based on more readily available starting materials, UO2, which does not even have to be pure, and the respective aluminium halide. Chemical vapor transport (CVT) is applied in situ for purification of the products.
Co-reporter:S. I. Ivlev, A. J. Karttunen, R. V. Ostvald and F. Kraus
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 81) pp:NaN12043-12043
Publication Date(Web):2016/09/19
DOI:10.1039/C6CC06761A
RbCl and CsCl react with BrF3 yielding the corresponding decafluoridotribromates(III), MBr3F10 (M = Rb, Cs), which were structurally characterized for the first time. The Br3F10− anion is surprisingly not linear but contains a μ3-bridging fluorine atom and seems to be the first example of μ3-F bridging of Br atoms. The compounds are highly reactive and cannot be handled in glassware. As for the tetrafluoridobromates themselves, they are powerful oxidizers and thus suitable for the dry-chemical recycling of precious metals and additionally feature a significantly higher BrF3 content.