Determining the conformational preferences of molecules in solution remains a considerable challenge. Recently, the use of residual dipolar coupling (RDC) analysis has emerged as a key method to address this. Whilst to date the majority of the applications have focused on biomolecules including proteins and DNA, the use of RDCs for studying small molecules is gaining popularity. Having said that, the method continues to develop, and here, we describe an early case study of the quantification of conformer populations in small molecules using RDC analysis. Having been inspired to study conformational preferences by unexpected differences in the NMR spectra and the reactivity of related natural products, we showed that the use of more established techniques was unsatisfactory in explaining the experimental observations. The use of RDCs provided an improved understanding that, following use of methods to quantify conformer populations using RDCs, culminated in a rationalisation of the contrasting diastereoselectivities observed in a ketone reduction reaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The recently studied set of (3-methoxypropyl)stannanes of general formula RxSnCl4–x [R = (CH2)3OCH3, x = 4 (1), x = 3 (2), x = 2 (3) and x = 1 (4)] is extended with two new sets of (3-methoxypropyl)stannanes of general formula RPh3–xSnClx [x = 0 (5), x = 1 (6) and x = 2 (7)] and RSn(S2CNEt2)3–xClx [x = 0 (8), x = 1 (9) and x = 2 (10)]. The molecular structures of 6, 7, 9 and 10 in the solid state were determined by X-ray diffraction. In compounds 6 and 7, the 3-methoxypropyl ligand forms a C,O-chelate and the tin atom is coordinated as a distorted trigonal bipyramid with the oxygen and one chlorine atom in the axial positions. Compounds 9 and 10 are hexacoordinate with a distorted octahedral ligand arrangement. While the 3-methoxypropyl ligand in 10 also forms a C,O-chelate, the oxygen atom in 9 is not coordinated to the central tin atom. The structures in a non-coordinating (CDCl3) and a coordinating solvent ([D6]DMSO) were studied by multinuclear 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. It is proposed that the structures found in the solid state are retained upon dissolution in CDCl3. Compounds 5, 8 and 9 also preserve their structures in [D6]DMSO. On the other hand, an equilibrium, in which one or more molecules of solvent enter the coordination sphere of the central tin atom and cleave the oxastannacycle, is established in [D6]DMSO solutions of 6, 7 and 10. A comparison of the J coupling constants obtained from 1D 1H,119Sn HMQC and 2D 1H,119Sn J-HMBC spectra and the J coupling constants derived from conventional 1D 13C NMR spectra shows that the best indicator of the OSn donor–acceptor interaction in 3-methoxypropylstannanes is the 3J value. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)