Co-reporter:Bolin Ji;Gang Sun
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research May 11, 2016 Volume 55(Issue 18) pp:5216-5222
Publication Date(Web):2017-2-22
DOI:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00159
1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), catalyzed by sodium hypophosphite (SHP), brings good antiwrinkle property to cotton fabrics and causes significant strength losses due to cross-linking and acidic degradation of cellulose simultaneously. Previous studies presented optimum pH values for different catalysts based on wrinkle recovery angle but without analyzing the tensile strength losses (TSL) of the treated fabrics. Here, the differences in TSL were analyzed from catalyst diffusibility and affinity to BTCA and cellulose based on anion sizes and Hansen solubility parameters of the corresponding acids of catalysts, respectively. Results showed that smaller catalyst anions such as the SHP anion would diffuse into the fibers more deeply, causing more TSL due to more cross-linking (TSLC). Besides, the lower affinity of the catalyst to BTCA and cellulose would accelerate the cross-linking reaction, also resulting in more TSLC. Connolly accessible area of an acid anion, catalyst anion concentration, and temperature also affected TSL.
Co-reporter:Chi Zhang, Chunyan Hu, Yongliang Zhao, Martin Möller, Kelu Yan, and Xiaomin Zhu
Langmuir December 10, 2013 Volume 29(Issue 49) pp:15457-15462
Publication Date(Web):December 10, 2013
DOI:10.1021/la404087w
We report on the encapsulation of a laccase solution in silica colloidosomes of different shell structures and the study of catalytic performance of the encapsulated enzyme in toluene. The encapsulation is carried out by linking silica nanoparticles at the water/oil interface using hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane (PEOS) in an aqueous-laccase-solution-in-toluene Pickering emulsion. By varying the weight ratio of silica particles to water (Rs/w), colloidosome shell can be adjusted from a particle monolayer up to a bilayer bound with a sandwiched nanoporous silica thin film formed from PEOS. The encapsulated laccase exhibits catalytic activity and reusability that are controlled by Rs/w. With the increase of Rs/w the reusability of the enzyme improves, meanwhile, its activity declines. This method allows fabricating enzyme microcapsules with tailored activity and controlled release properties.
Co-reporter:Kai Liu;Xuan Zhang
Cellulose 2017 Volume 24( Issue 3) pp:1555-1561
Publication Date(Web):13 January 2017
DOI:10.1007/s10570-016-1167-8
Pentaacetyl glucose (PAG) is a common and cheap intermediate and has biocompatible, nontoxic, and renewable features. PAG was investigated as a bleach activator for H2O2 in the pretreatment of gray knitting cotton fabric. The bleaching performance of the H2O2/PAG bleaching system was investigated by measuring the CIE whiteness index (WI), H2O2 decomposition rate and bursting strength. By addition of PAG, the WI and H2O2 decomposition rate increased significantly at 70 °C with little damage to the strength. The effects of temperature and pH value on WI were also considered. Due to its environmental advantages, the H2O2/PAG system showed a good applied prospect. By using benzenepentacarboxylic acid as a fluorescent probe for HO· detection, it was found that PAG could strongly promote HO· generation and that the concentration of HO· was closely related to the WI of the fabric. On this basis, a bleaching mechanism of the H2O2/PAG system was proposed.
Co-reporter:Huan Qi, Junbing Pan, Feng-ling Qing, Kelu Yan, Gang Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2016 Volume 154() pp:313-319
Publication Date(Web):10 December 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.108
•A novel 5-(carbonyloxy succinic)-benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (BSTA) was synthesized, characterized and applied as an effective crosslinking agent for anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics.•Fabrics treated with BSTA present the same or even better anti-wrinkle properties as that of BTCA.•The treated fabrics showed excellent UV protection performance due to the addition of the conjugated system on fabrics.1,2,3,4-Butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) has been considered as one of the most promising crosslinking agent to replace dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) for anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics. However, it could cause significant strength loss of the treated fabrics. In this study, a 5-(carbonyloxy succinic)-benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (BSTA) was synthesized and applied as an effective crosslinking agent. The results show that fabrics treated with BSTA present the same or even better anti-wrinkle properties as that with BTCA. FTIR was employed to analyze ester bond formation process on cellulose. Finishing conditions such as agent concentration, curing temperature, and bath pH were also discussed to evaluate crosslinking effect of cellulose. BSTA, as a derivative of photo-active conjugated compound, can absorb ultraviolet lights and offer ultraviolet (UV) protective property on treated materials. The treated fabrics showed excellent UV protection performance due to the addition of aromatic conjugated system on fabrics.
Co-reporter:Huan Qi, Yangen Huang, Bolin Ji, Gang Sun, Feng-ling Qing, Chunyan Hu, Kelu Yan
Carbohydrate Polymers 2016 Volume 135() pp:86-93
Publication Date(Web):1 January 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.014
•Acryloyl malic acid was synthesized and applied as a novel crosslinking agent.•AMA showed higher reactivity than MA in the presence/absence of catalyst (NaH2PO2).•The possible reaction mechanism of AMA was analyzed and investigated.•The thermal induced polymerization has contributed the crosslinking reaction.•A chemical reaction equation was proposed based on the measurements and analyses.Maleic acid (MA) has been explored to replace formaldehyde-based dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) for cotton anti-crease finishing. However, the resilience of treated fabrics was not satisfactorily improved. In this study, acryloyl malic acid (AMA) was synthesized and applied on fabrics as a novel crosslinking agent. The results showed that both crease recovery angle and whiteness index of treated samples were higher than those of MA in the presence/absence of catalyst sodium hypophosphite (SHP). Chemical structure of AMA was confirmed by NMR and MS spectra. The possible crosslinking mechanism between AMA and cellulose was investigated by means of 13C NMR, MS, FTIR and phosphorus content analyses. It was found that AMA could form ester bonds with cellulose by formation of anhydride intermediate. Meanwhile, additional reaction of double bonds on AMA with another molecule or PH of SHP residual has also contributed to the crosslinking. A reaction equation was proposed based on the analyses.
Co-reporter:Bolin Ji, Cunyi Zhao, Kelu Yan, Gang Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2016 Volume 144() pp:282-288
Publication Date(Web):25 June 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.036
•BPTCA achieves similar WRA with less strength loss compared with BTCA.•Molecular sizes of the acids have an effect on the strength loss based on diffusion.•The affinity of the acids to cellulose shows effects on the strength loss.•HSP can be used to characterize the affinity of an acid to cellulose.•Larger HSP distance of an acid to cellulose is beneficial to the mechanical strength.1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) imparts good anti-wrinkle property to cotton fabrics and results in significant strength loss due to cross-linking and acid degradation of cellulose simultaneously. However, benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′- tetracarboxylic acid (BPTCA), an aromatic acid, crosslinks cellulose effectively but causes less strength loss to the products under similar conditions. The difference in damages to cellulose fibers was analyzed by using diffusibility and corresponding affinity of the acids to cellulose fibers, which were estimated by their molecular sizes and Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). Both experimental results and theoretical speculations revealed consistent agreement, indicating that smaller acid molecules could diffuse into cellulose fiber more rapidly and deeply, resulting in more acid degradation. Besides, the aliphatic acid such as BTCA has higher molecular affinity than BPTCA to cellulose, causing additional more degradation of cellulose. Both factors are potential reasons of the observed more severe tensile strength loss of the BTCA treated cotton fabrics.
Co-reporter:Huan Qi, Cunyi Zhao, Feng-ling Qing, Kelu Yan, and Gang Sun
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2016 Volume 55(Issue 46) pp:11850-11856
Publication Date(Web):November 2, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03287
5-(Carbonyloxy succinic)-benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (BSTA) was synthesized and applied as an effective cross-linking agent for cotton fabrics. In this study, BSTA was analyzed and compared with two other extensively investigated poly(carboxylic acid)s, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and 3,3′4,4′- benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid (BPTCA), in cross-linking cellulose. Possessing both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid groups and respective properties, BSTA can cross-link cellulose as efficiently as BTCA without causing significant loss of tensile strength of the products. In addition, BSTA exhibits better hydrophilicity and higher affinity to cellulose than the aromatic acid. BSTA is able to produce anhydride under high temperature but it is not a rate-determining step in the esterification process. The kinetic data of BTCA, BPTCA, and BSTA with cellulose were calculated by measuring the concentrations of the carboxylic acids on the fabric, showing an order of BPTCA< BSTA< BTCA in reaction with cellulose.
Co-reporter:Bolin Ji, Peixin Tang, Kelu Yan, Gang Sun
Carbohydrate Polymers 2015 Volume 132() pp:228-236
Publication Date(Web):5 November 2015
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.070
•Acid anions of alkali salts play a role in esterification of BTCA with cellulose.•Low pKa value of corresponding acid is helpful in promoting esterification reaction.•Smaller size of catalyst is more effective in removing protons at lower temperature.•Sodium dichloroacetate can be a good replacement of sodium hypophosphite.1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) reacts with cellulose in two steps with catalysis of alkaline salts such as sodium hypophosphite: anhydride formation and esterification of anhydride with cellulose. The alkali metal ions were found effective in catalyzing formation of BTCA anhydride in a previous report. In this work, catalytic functions of the alkaline salts in the esterification reaction between BTCA anhydride and cellulose were investigated. Results revealed that acid anions play an important role in the esterification reaction by assisting removal of protons on intermediates and completion of the esterification between cellulose and BTCA. Besides, alkaline salts with lower pKa1 values of the corresponding acids are more effective ones for the reaction since addition of these salts could lead to lower pH values and higher acid anion concentrations in finishing baths. The mechanism explains the results of FTIR and wrinkle recovery angles of the fabrics cured under different temperatures and times.
Co-reporter:Fang Si, Kelu Yan, Xuan Zhang
Carbohydrate Polymers 2014 Volume 103() pp:581-586
Publication Date(Web):15 March 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.052
•HO generation in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC systems was proved and detected with a novel fluorescent probe benzenepentacarboxylic acid.•Effect of HO generation on the cotton fabric bleaching performances was further discussed.•Both TAED and TBCC greatly promoted HO yield in alkaline H2O2 systems.•HO plays a significant role in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC bleaching.•Another bleaching route was proposed that enormous HO was decomposed from peroxide acid and could oxidize size and impurities.The generation of hydroxyl radical (HO) in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC systems for cotton fabric bleaching was proved and detected with a novel fluorescent probe benzenepentacarboxylic acid (BA). Effect of HO generation on the cotton fabric bleaching performances was further discussed. The results show that HO yield in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC systems was respectively about 11 and 15 times higher than that in H2O2 system without activators under the same alkali condition. Meanwhile, TAED and TBCC apparently promoted fabric whiteness and H2O2 decomposition rate. As the addition of HO scavenger dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), fabric whiteness decreased while tensile strength increased. It proves that HO played a significant role in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC bleaching. Two main bleaching routes were suggested. The present work brought new insight into H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC bleaching mechanism. It is quite instructive to develop efficient and ecological bleaching processes.
Co-reporter:Fang Si, Xuan Zhang and Kelu Yan
RSC Advances 2014 vol. 4(Issue 12) pp:5860-5866
Publication Date(Web):19 Nov 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3RA45975F
A novel fluorescent probe, benzenepentacarboxylic acid (BA), was developed for the quantitative detection of hydroxyl radicals (HO˙) in a simulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching system. Compared to terephthalic acid (TA), a commonly-used fluorescent probe of HO˙ with four possible reaction sites, the present probe has only one reaction site for HO˙ addition that results in the formation of a single fluorescent product, hydroxybenzenepentacarboxylic acid (HBA). The generation of the single pure fluorescent product by BA, rather than mixtures by TA, made the present probe more sensitive, accurate and reproducible in the quantitative detection of HO˙. Based on the working curve obtained from the fluorescence intensity and HBA concentration, a fluorimetric method for the quantitative detection of HO˙ was developed. The present probe BA was successfully used for the quantitative detection of HO˙ under alkaline and high temperature (80 °C) conditions, in a simulated H2O2 bleaching system. The method was highly sensitive, reproducible, and applicable in a wide temperature range of 20–98 °C. The present novel fluorescent probe will be potential tool for evaluating the generation and function kinetics of HO˙ generated in biological and environmental fields.
Co-reporter:Qun Zhao, Gang Sun, Kelu Yan, Aojia Zhou, Yixiu Chen
Carbohydrate Polymers 2013 Volume 91(Issue 1) pp:169-174
Publication Date(Web):2 January 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.020
Novel nanocomposites made from cellulose nanocrystals and waterborne polyurethane were employed as wool antifelting agents. The cellulose nanocrystals, prepared by acid hydrolysis of cellulose microcrystalline, are in rod form with lengths of 70–150 nm and diameters of 10–20 nm in aqueous suspension, respectively. After the two aqueous suspensions were mixed homogeneously, cellulose nanocrystal reinforced polyurethane composite (nanocomposite) films were prepared and evaluated by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. Then the nanocrystal films were applied onto surfaces of wools by a pad-dry-cure process with nanocomposites containing different cellulose nanocrystal contents. The results indicated that with increasing cellulose nanocrystal content from 0 to 1.0 wt%, the area-shrinking rate of the treated wool fabrics was decreased from 5.24% to 0.70%, and the tensile strength of the fabric was increased by 14.95% and decreased about 44% use of waterborne polyurethane.Highlights► A novel cellulose nanocomposites is proposed for antifelting finish. ► The nanocrystal films were applied onto surfaces of wools by a pad-dry-cure process. ► Adding 1% cellulose nanocrystals can decrease 44% use of antifelting agent. ► Cellulose nanocrystals can react with the groups of wool. ► The tensile strength of the fabric was increased by 14.95%.
Co-reporter:Chi Zhang, Chunyan Hu, Yongliang Zhao, Martin Möller, Kelu Yan, and Xiaomin Zhu
Langmuir 2013 Volume 29(Issue 49) pp:15457-15462
Publication Date(Web):2017-2-22
DOI:10.1021/la404087w
We report on the encapsulation of a laccase solution in silica colloidosomes of different shell structures and the study of catalytic performance of the encapsulated enzyme in toluene. The encapsulation is carried out by linking silica nanoparticles at the water/oil interface using hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane (PEOS) in an aqueous-laccase-solution-in-toluene Pickering emulsion. By varying the weight ratio of silica particles to water (Rs/w), colloidosome shell can be adjusted from a particle monolayer up to a bilayer bound with a sandwiched nanoporous silica thin film formed from PEOS. The encapsulated laccase exhibits catalytic activity and reusability that are controlled by Rs/w. With the increase of Rs/w the reusability of the enzyme improves, meanwhile, its activity declines. This method allows fabricating enzyme microcapsules with tailored activity and controlled release properties.
Co-reporter:Qianjie Zhang;Bernd M. Liebeck;Dan E. Demco;Andrea Körner;Crisan Popescu
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2012 Volume 213( Issue 24) pp:2628-2638
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/macp.201200446
Abstract
The structure and characterization of the oligopeptide crystals formed from the feather keratin solution obtained by superheated water treatment are reported. The FTIR spectra and 1H and 13C solid-state NMR results indicate that the peptides, arranged mostly in a beta-sheet structure in feather, reorganize into a mainly alpha-helix and less beta-sheet mixed secondary structure, when self-assemble from the solution at room temperature. MALDI-ToF-ToF spectra confirm that the most primary sequence with the mass 1884 come from the feather keratin 4, KRFA_CHICK of Gallus gallus. The largely preservation of all but cystine amino acid species and the increase of hydrophobic amino acids content in the oligopeptide crystals are proved by the amino acid analysis.
Co-reporter:Jian-ping Huang 黄健平;Chun-yan Ma 马春燕
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 2012 Volume 17( Issue 6) pp:701-705
Publication Date(Web):2012 December
DOI:10.1007/s12204-012-1349-y
Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend five-bore hollow fiber membranes are prepared by wet phase inversion methods. In spinning these PVDF hollow fibers, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are used as the solvent and the non-solvent additive, respectively. The external coagulant uses water. The internal coagulants use water and DMAc-water solutions. The membranes are characterized in terms of water flux and molecular weight cut-off for the wet membranes. The cross-sectional structures are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of polymer concentration and the internal coagulant on the permeation properties and membrane structures are examined keeping the bore liquid flow and air-gap constants. Relative high flux, rejection and strengh PVDF five-bore hollow fiber membranes could be prepared from the polymer concentration in dope solution at 17% of mass fraction, the air gap distance of 14 cm, and using 10% of mass fraction of DMAc solution as the internal coagulant at 13mL/min of flow.
Co-reporter:Hu Yi ;Ke-Lu Yan
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2008 Volume 109( Issue 4) pp:2169-2175
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.28012
Abstract
A wool antifelting agent containing polyurethane modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was synthesized. Firstly an isocyanate (NCO) group ended prepolymer was gained by a hydrogen shift reaction between isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and poly (propylene oxide triol) (PPT), and then NCO-group of the prepolymer was blocked by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to form a precursor PPT-[Si(OEt)3]3. After that a sol of the precursor was prepared for an antifelting agent. During heating the sol gelled and formed inorganic–organic hybrid film that was characterized by using FTIR and TGA. And then the wool fabric samples were treated with sol by pad-dry-cure process at different curing temperature (120, 140, and 160°C). The antifelting effects of different curing temperatures were compared. The results indicated that the new agent could endow a better antifelting effect with the low curing temperature at 120°C and 3 min. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
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