A new flavone glucoside, selagin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-)-β-d-glycoside, has been isolated from Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljak. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, 2D NMR and MS. Compounds exhibited activity of anti-inflammatory in vitro.

ObjectiveTo determine chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of Blumea martiniana, and to evaluate its larvicidal activity against Anopheles anthropophagus, the natural vector of malaria.MethodsChemical composition of essential oils extracted by steam distillation was investigated by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Larvicidal activity of essential oil and its four main compounds was carried out by WHO method. Twenty larvae of early fourth-instar stage were used in the larvicidal assay and five replicates were maintained for each concentration. The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values were determined following probit analysis.ResultsTotally 68 compounds corresponding to 98.55% of the total oil were identified and the major constituents of essential oil were: linalool(10.36%), germacrene D(9.09%), borneol(6.24%), γ-terpinene(5.38%). The oil and linalool, germacrene D, borneol, γ-terpinene exerted significant larvicidal activity with LC50 values of 46.86, 35.87, 44.61, 35.89, and 29.21 mg/L, respectively. It also showed a dose dependent effect on mortality.ConclusionsThe essential oil of Blumea martiniana and its four major compounds may have potential for use in control of Anopheles anthropophagus larvae and could be useful in search of newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides.

•The composition of Zanthoxylum simulans essential oil ZSEO were analyzed.•Significant anthelmintic activity of ZSEO and borneol against H. contortus in vivo.•ZSEO and borneol inhibited larval hatching with LC50 values of 3.98 and 1.50 mg/mL.•ZSEO and borneol inhibited larval development with LC50 4.02 and 1.99 mg/mL.•ZSEO and borneol at 40 mg/mL inhibited larval migration by 74.3% and 97.0%.The need for new anthelmintic agents with low impact on the environment is becoming urgent. Phytotherapy is an alternative method to control gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. This study aims to determine the composition of Zanthoxylum simulans essential oil (ZSEO) and evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal effects of ZSEO on Haemonchus contortus using egg hatch assay, larval development assay (LDA), and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA). The chemical composition of ZSEO was determined through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and 94 compounds were identified from the ZSEO. The major constituents of ZSEO were borneol (18.61%), β-elemene (10.87%). ZSEO and borneol both at 40 mg/mL inhibited larval hatching by 100%, with LC50 values of 3.98 and 1.50 mg/mL, respectively. The LC50 value of β-elemene was not determined because of its insufficient activity. The results of LDA showed that ZSEO, borneol, and β-elemene all at 40 mg/mL inhibited larval development by 99.8%, 100%, and 55.4%, respectively, and exhibited dose-dependent responses with LC50 values of 4.02, 1.99, and 32.17 mg/mL, respectively. The results of LMIA showed that ZSEO, borneol, and β-elemene all at 40 mg/mL inhibited larval migration by 74.3%, 97.0%, and 53.2%, respectively. ZSEO presented ovicidal and larvicidal activities in vitro. Therefore, Zanthoxylum may be an alternative source of anthelmintic agents to control gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

Prolonged use of chemical anthelmintics has been found to result in anthelmintic resistance and environmental issues, thereby limiting the application of these drugs in domestic animals and prompting interest in the study of plant extracts as alternative sources thereof. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the essential oil (EO) of Artemisia lancea against the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus using egg hatch assay, larval development assay, and larval migration inhibition assay. The EO yield of extraction was 0.63% (w/w), and the major constituents were 1,8-cineole (34.56%) and camphor (16.65%). In the egg hatch assay, an inhibition greater than 99% was observed with the EO at 10 mg mL−1 and the LC50 was 1.82 mg mL−1. 1,8-Cineole demonstrated moderate ovicidal activity with a LC50 of 4.64 mg mL−1, whereas camphor did not show enough activity to have its LC50 determined. In the larval development assay, the EO, 1,8-cineole, and camphor inhibited 93.6%, 65.2%, and 57% of larval development at 10 mg mL−1 and exhibited dose-dependent responses with LC50 values of 1.66, 5.07, and 7.80 mg mL−1, respectively. In the migration inhibition assay, the EO and 1,8-cineole at best inhibited 77% and 60.3% of larval migration at 10 mg mL−1, respectively. Camphor showed low inhibition capacity, and its efficacy was not dose dependent. The results indicate that the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the EO of A. lancea may be associated with the additive action of the two major constituents, as well as other more minor terpenoid components.