A series of novel ethyl 4-(methyl or trifluoromethyl)-2-(2-(substituted phenoxy)acetamido)thiazole-5-carboxylates 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e and 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8n, 8o, 8p, 8q, 8r were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal activities. Compared with the fluorine free compounds 7a, 7b, and 7e, the compounds bearing fluorine 8g, 8j, and 8q showed higher herbicidal activities with 70–100% inhibition against Capsella bursa-pastoris, Amaranthus restroflexus, and Eclipta prostrata at the dosage of 150 g/ha, which indicated that the trifluoromethyl on the thiazole ring was beneficial for the herbicidal activity. Furthermore, compounds 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8n, 8o, 8p, 8q, 8r were tested for fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis at 500 µg/mL. Compounds 8f and 8q showed the best fungicidal activity with more than 80% inhibition.

A novel nitrogen-containing cyclic phosphate (NDP) was synthesized and well characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. NDP was used as an additive intumescent flame retardant (AIFR) to impart flame retardancy and dripping resistance for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin (DGEBA) curied by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) with different phosphorus content. The flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermosets were investigated by UL-94 vertical burning test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Izod impact strength and flexural property tests. The results showed that NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermosets exhibited excellent flame retardancy, moderate changes in glass transition temperature and thermal stability. When the phosphorus content reached only 1.5 wt %, the NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermoset could result in satisfied flame retardancy (UL-94, V-0). The TGA curves under nitrogen and air atmosphere suggested that NDP had good ability of char formation, and there existed a distinct synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen. The flame retardant mechanism was further realized by studying the structure and morphology of char residues using FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It indicated that NDP as phosphorus-nitrogen containing flame retardant worked by both of the condensed phase action and the vapor phase action. Additionally, the addition of NDP decreased slightly the flexural strength of the flame retarded DGEBA epoxy resins, and increased the Izod impact strength of these thermosets. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41859.

A series of novel O-methyl methyl 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)-1-(thien-2-yl)methylphosphinates 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal and fungicidal activities. For example, the title compounds 5c, 5d, and 5g possess 90–100% inhibition against the tested plants at the concentration of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L, whereas the title compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5h possess 70–94% inhibition against Phyricularia grisea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the concentration of 50 mg/L.

A series of novel O,O-dimethyl 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)-1-(pyridin-2-yl or thien-2-yl)methylphosphonates 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n and 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassays show that some of the title compounds exhibit moderate to good herbicidal and fungicidal activities. For example, the title compounds 6a, 6c, 6l, 6m, and 7d possess 90–100% inhibition against most of the tested plants at the dosage of 1500 g ai/ha, whereas the title compounds 6b, 6g, 6h and 6n possess 92–100% inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Phyricularia grisea, Botrytis cinereapers, Gibberella zeae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Cercospora beticola at the concentration of 50 mg/L.

A novel, halogen-free, phosphorus–nitrogen containing flame retardant 2[4-(2,4,6-Tris{4-[(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2λ⁵-[1,3,2]dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)hydroxymethyl]phenoxy}-(1,3,5)-triazine (TNTP) was successfully synthesized in a three-step process, and characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. A series of modified DGEBA epoxy resin with different loadings of TNTP were prepared and cured by 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Thermal gravimetric analysis and vertical burning test (UL-94) were used to evaluate the flame retardancy of TNTP on DGEBA epoxy resin. The results showed that TNTP had a great impact on flame retardancy. All modified thermosets by using TNTP exhibited higher T_g than pure DGEBA/DDS. The loading of TNTP at only 5.0 wt % could result in satisfied flame retardancy (UL-94, V-0) together with high char residue (27.3%) at 700°C. The addition of TNTP could dramatically enhance the flame retardancy of DGEBA epoxy resins, which was further confirmed by the analysis of the char residues by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Furthermore, no obviously negative effect was found on the Izod impact strength and flexural property of DGEBA epoxy resins when TNTP loading limited in 5.0 wt %. DGEBA/DDS containing 2.5 wt % TNTP could enhance Izod impact strength from 10.47 to 10.94 kJ m⁻², and showed no appreciable effect on the flexural property (85.20 MPa) comparing with pure DGEBA/DDS (87.03 MPa). Results indicated that TNTP as a phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic intumescent flame retardant could be used for DGEBA epoxy resin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41079.

Fifteen novel 2-alkylamino-3-aryl-8-cyano-5-methyl-7-(methylthio)-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6o were designed and have been successfully synthesized via tandem aza-Wittig and annulation reactions with the corresponding iminophosphorances 4, aryl isocyanate, and amines in good yields. Their structures were clearly verified by IR, ¹H NMR, EI-MS spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and in the case of compound 6i, analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction further. The preliminary results of an in vivo bioassay showed that some compounds display moderate antifungal activity.

The complete ¹H and ¹³C NMR assignments of four series pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were achieved by combination of one and two-dimensional NMR experiments, and the NMR signals of these compounds were analyzed and compared. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new xanthone derivative, garcinexanthone F (1), which was found to possess an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, and a new bisxanthone, bigarcinenone B (2), with a terpene bridge providing the xanthonexanthone linkage, were isolated from the bark of Garcinia xanthochymus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR techniques. The antioxidant assay in vitro showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with IC₅₀ values of 22.32 and 20.14 μM, and against HO^. radical with IC₅₀ values of 1.16 and 2.85 μM, respectively.

Five new xanthones, namely Garcinexanthones A–E (1–5), were isolated from the barks of Garcinia xanthochymus. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, primarily NMR, MS, and UV. The complete assignments of the ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts for the compounds were achieved by using 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including DEPT, HSQC, and HMBC NMR experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.