MingYao Zhang

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Name: 张明耀; MingYao Zhang

Organization: Changchun University of Technology

Department: Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber

Title: Professor

Chemicals
References

Facile synthesis of large sized and monodispersed polymer particles using particle coagulation mechanism: an overview

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu;Zhongyu Fu;Ye Han;Huixuan Zhang

Colloid and Polymer Science 2017 Volume 295( Issue 5) pp:749-757

Publication Date(Web):2017 May

DOI:10.1007/s00396-017-4058-0

Highly uniform polymer latex particles with controlled particle size have been widely applied in many fields such as nanotechnology, drug delivery, biomedical separation, and material templates. Since the particle size plays a critical role in determining the application fields, various technologies such as two-stage swelling method and dynamic swelling method have been used to control the particle size in the polymerization process. However, these methods usually need a multi-step polymerization reaction and long reaction time. This review focuses on a method of controlling particle size, that is, particle coagulation technology. Particle coagulation technology can be used to produce large sized, monodispersed polymer particles by soap-free emulsion polymerization, macroemulsion polymerization, and dispersion polymerization. In this review article, an overview of the concept of particle coagulation is given, followed by the description of the particle coagulation process in different polymerization systems. Some representative publications about particle coagulation were also reviewed, especially the effect of reaction parameters on the particle coagulation extent and time. Finally, the relationship between the particle coagulation and particle size distribution is reviewed extensively.

In situ charge neutralization-controlled particle coagulation and its effects on the particle size distribution in the one-step emulsion polymerization

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu, Wenting Meng, Ping Wang, Mingyao Zhang, Huixuan Zhang

European Polymer Journal 2016 Volume 83() pp:278-287

Publication Date(Web):October 2016

DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.027

•The large scale, narrowly dispersed polymer latex particles were prepared by particle coagulation mechanism.•The relationship between particle coagulation and particle size distribution was discussed.•The particle coagulation was controlled by in situ charge neutralization.A novel approach to prepare sub-200 nm, narrowly dispersed polystyrene latex particles is proposed for the emulsion polymerization of a ca. 40 wt% solid-content solution. The presented method exploits the cationic comonomer methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (MATMAC) or the initiator 2,2′-Azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) to generate cationic oligomeric radicals shielded the negatively charged surfactant molecules adsorbed on the particles surface, further induced particle coagulation by in situ charge neutralization. By adjusting the types and amounts of the comonomer, the extent of the in situ charge neutralization is controlled. In consequence, the extent of the particle coagulation is controlled, resulting in the production of large-size latex particles. The particle coagulation induced by in situ charge neutralization occurs at the particle nucleation stage, which extends the times of particle completive growth and reversible coagulation, and therefore, narrowed the width of the particle size distribution of the ultimate latex particles. The resulting colloidal latexes containing 40 wt% solid content are very stable by presenting the absolute value of zeta potentials larger than 40 mV. This approach is likely to be used for large-scale industrial productions of narrowly dispersed polymer particles.Schematic representation of in situ charge neutralization in emulsion polymerization in presence of different functional monomer.

Electrolytes on governing particle coagulation and size distribution in the emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate

Co-reporter:Xiaohui Xu;Baijun Liu;Shuang Liu

Journal of Polymer Research 2016 Volume 23( Issue 1) pp:

Publication Date(Web):2016 January

DOI:10.1007/s10965-015-0900-6

Poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) latices with controllable particle size (90–350 nm) were synthesized via one-step batch emulsion polymerization in the presence of different species of electrolyte. The evolution of particle size and number as a function of monomer conversion were tracked in order to investigate the effect of electrolyte species on the particle stability. For electrolyte with different anions, the particle size of final latices decreased with increasing pH of the aqueous phase and the sequence was Na2CO3 < NaHCO3 < Na2C2O4 < NaCl, latices with Na2SO4 showed some particular performance and possessed of a particle size up to 347.4 nm; for electrolyte with different valences of counter ion, while achieving the similar particle size (Ca. 120 nm), an obvious variance in ionic strength was found (0.03, 0.016 and 0.0035 mol kg−1 for Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+). It indicate that electrolyte affects the particle stability by adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase and ionic strength, further controls the particle coagulation. As a result, latices with designated final particle size and distribution can be obtained by choosing the appropriate type and concentration of electrolyte.

Preparation of monodisperse, sub-micrometer polymer particles by one-step emulsion polymerization under particle coagulation

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu;Zhongyu Fu;Huixuan Zhang

Colloid and Polymer Science 2016 Volume 294( Issue 4) pp:787-793

Publication Date(Web):2016 April

DOI:10.1007/s00396-016-3850-6

The particle coagulation technology in emulsion polymerization is a novel and facile approach to prepare large-scale, narrowly dispersed latex particles. However, the formation of narrowly dispersed latex particles under particle coagulation at a high zeta potential is surprising. To elucidate this observation, a detailed investigation on the relationship between particle coagulation and particle size distribution was carried out. Unlike the conventional emulsion polymerization, a rapid decrease in the particle number and an increase in the particle size were clearly observed during the polymerization. The results confirm the occurrence of particle coagulation. The width of zeta potential and particle size distribution also decreased with particle coagulation, resulting in large-size, narrowly dispersed latex particles. These phenomena were explained by the competitive growth mechanism.

Facile synthesis of large scale and narrow particle size distribution polymer particles via control particle coagulation during one-step emulsion polymerization

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu, Shulin Sun, Mingyao Zhang, Liang Ren, Huixuan Zhang

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2015 Volume 484() pp:81-88

Publication Date(Web):5 November 2015

DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.07.050

•The large scale, narrow dispersion polymer particles were prepared.•The visual evidence of particle coagulation in emulsion polymerization was obtained.•The process of particle coagulation was discussed.•The relationship between particle coagulation and particle size distribution was discussed.•The driving force of the particle coagulation was discussed.This study is an extension of the previous research results reported by our group (Colloid and Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 452 (2014) 159–164), where a novel approach to prepare large-scale polymer particles with a narrow distribution was reported. However, many important problems such as the visual evidence of particle coagulation, the relationship between particle distribution and particle coagulation, and the reasons of particle coagulation were not addressed in this article. In this manuscript, the polyisoprene latex particles were added to the polymerization systems as the indicator to follow the process of particle coagulation, and the reasons of particle coagulation are also discussed. The experimental results show that the final latex particles possessed a special structure similar to multicores and single-shell structure for the system containing polyisoprene particles and could be considered as a direct evidence of the particle coagulation. In addition, the competitive growth kinetics and reversible particle coagulation were used to analyze the reasons of a narrow particle size distribution of the final latex particles. In the combination with the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, the effect of the aqueous phase composition and initiator types on the particle coagulation were explained in the view of interaction energy.Schematic representation of particle coagulation (top right) and final particle structure (left) in emulsion polymerization in the 30 wt% methanol solution system (Monomer/DDI = 40/60, Ckps = 0.6 wt%, Cs = 1.0 wt%, Ce = 0.4 wt%).

Effect of aqueous phase composition on particle coagulation behavior in batch emulsion polymerization of styrene

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu, Mingyao Zhang, Gui Yu, Dan Chen, Huixuan Zhang

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2014 Volume 452() pp:159-164

Publication Date(Web):20 June 2014

DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.100

•Particle scale and polydispersity were controlled via adjusting aqueous phase composition.•Particle coagulation was considered as the dominant particle growth method.•The relationship between particle coagulation and aqueous phase composition were investigated.Previously, we studied the latex particle coagulation in the emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate induced by an electrolyte (Colloid Polym Sci 291 (2013) 2385–2398). However, the evolution of particle size distribution vs. monomer conversion and reaction time, and the possibility for the manipulation of particle coagulation to control particle size and polydispersity were not studied. In this study, we investigated the evolution of particle size distribution vs. monomer conversion and reaction time during the emulsion polymerization of styrene. Moreover, the particle coagulation at different aqueous phase compositions was studied in details. The experimental results indicate that the particle size and polydispersity was controlled by particle coagulation, which was adjusted by varying the content of electrolyte or methanol in the aqueous phase. The final latex particle size increased in the range 89.2–265.9 nm with increasing electrolyte or methanol. The effect of aqueous phase composition on the polydispersity index (PDI) of the final latex was also considered. The PDI of the final latex reached 0.005 at an appropriate aqueous phase composition. Interestingly, the demulsification phenomenon easily occurred at electrolyte concentration > 1.2 wt% or methanol/water ratio > 30/70.Effect of electrolyte concentration on the evolution of particle size distribution as a function of time or monomer conversion.

Hydrophilicity of polymer effects on controlled particle coagulation in batch emulsion polymerization

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu;Chao Zhou;Zhongyu Fu

Colloid and Polymer Science 2014 Volume 292( Issue 6) pp:1347-1353

Publication Date(Web):2014 June

DOI:10.1007/s00396-014-3189-9

The poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) was prepared by batch emulsion polymerization to clarify the effect of characteristics of polymer on particle coagulation. Experimental results showed that the size of final latex particle increased with increasing methyl methacrylate in initial recipe, ranged from 84 to 193 nm, which was attributed to the particle coagulation. With the methyl methacrylate increased, the hydrophilicity of polymeric particle improved, thus led to the surfactant molecules packed loosely on the polymer surface, further, enhanced particle coagulation occurred. On the contrary, the surfactant molecules adsorbed on tightly the polymeric particle surface (methyl methacrylate content low) surface led to the electrostatic repulsion energy of polymer particle improved, and polymer particle stability was also improved. Thus, combined with the results previously reported by us (Colloid Polym Sci 291: 2385–2398, 2013 and Colloid Polym Sci 292: 519-525, 2014), the particle coagulation depended not only on the aqueous phase such as electrolyte concentration and methanol content, but also on the nature of polymer such as hydrophilicity.

Improvement in toughness and crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) by melt blending with ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer

Co-reporter:Xin Zhang;Yi Li;Lijing Han;Changyu Han;Kun Xu;Chao Zhou;Lisong Dong

Polymer Engineering & Science 2013 Volume 53( Issue 12) pp:

Publication Date(Web):

DOI:10.1002/pen.23507

Melt blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EGA) containing relatively high-concentration epoxide groups (8 wt%) was performed to improve the toughness and crystallization of PLA. The results of nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization investigation showed that the addition of EGA accelerated the crystallization rate and increased the final crystallinity of PLA in the blends. Significant enhancement in toughness and flexibility of PLA were achieved by the incorporation of the EGA elastomer. When 20 wt% EGA added, the impact strength increased from 3.0 kJ m⁻² of neat PLA to 59.8 kJ m⁻² and the elongation at break increased from 4.9 to 232.0%. The failure mode changed from brittle fracture of neat PLA to ductile fracture of the blend. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2498–2508, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Synthesis of monodisperse, large scale and high solid content latexes of poly(n-butyl acrylate) by a one-step batch emulsion polymerization

Co-reporter:Baijun Liu;Chao Zhou;Liang Ren

Colloid and Polymer Science 2013 Volume 291( Issue 10) pp:2385-2398

Publication Date(Web):2013 October

DOI:10.1007/s00396-013-2987-9

Seeded emulsion polymerization and agglomerating method were well-known techniques for the production of polymeric latexes with large particle size and high solid content. Obtaining latexes with monodisperse and particle size above 300 nm scale, however, was time-consuming and difficult by means of these methods. Here, stable, monodisperse latexes with the controlled particle diameter (55–650 nm) and high solid content (60 wt%) were synthesized via one-step in batch emulsion polymerization. Experimental investigations show that the particle size increased with decreasing emulsifier concentrations and increasing monomer/water ratios or electrolyte concentrations. The latex particle coagulation was considered as the dominant particle formation and growth method, which could be proved by the evolutions of particle number as well as dimension against conversion. Latex particle coagulation occurred if the particle surface covered ratio dropped between the critical surface covered ratio (θcrit = 0.59) and the lowermost surface covered ratio (θlow = 0.38). In addition,θcrit and θlow were increased with electrolyte concentrations.

Investigation on the miscibility of the blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)

Co-reporter:L. Ren;M. Y. Zhang;Y.R. Wang;H. Na;H. X. Zhang

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2012 Volume 123( Issue 1) pp:292-298

Publication Date(Web):

DOI:10.1002/app.34336

Abstract

The miscibility was investigated in blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents. The 50/50 wt % blends of PMMA with the SAN copolymers containing 5, 35, and 50 wt % of AN were immiscible, while the blend with copolymer containing 25 wt % of AN was miscible. The morphologies of PMMA/SAN blends were characterized by virtue of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the miscibility of PMMA/SAN blends were in consistence with the morphologies observed. Moreover, the different morphologies in blends of PMMA and SAN were also observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Influence of the tert-dodecyl mercaptan content in poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) on properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends

Co-reporter:Lixin Zhang;Shulin Sun;Xiaolin Ma;Ting Meng;Huixuan Zhang

Polymer Engineering & Science 2012 Volume 52( Issue 4) pp:820-825

Publication Date(Web):

DOI:10.1002/pen.22148

Abstract

A series of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) grafting modifiers were synthesized by emulsion grafting poly(acrylonitrile-styrene) (SAN) copolymer onto polybutadiene (PB) latex rubber particles. The chain transfer reagent tert-dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM) was used to regulate the grafting degree of ABS and the molecular weight of SAN copolymers. By blending these ABS modifiers with Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) resin, a series of CPVC/ABS blends were obtained. The morphology, compatibility, and the mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed that the ABS domain all uniformly dispersed in CPVC matrix. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) results showed that the compatibility between CPVC and SAN became enhanced with the TDDM content. From the mechanical properties study of the CPVC/ABS blends, it was revealed that the impact strength first increases and then decreases with the TDDM content, which means that the compatibility between CPVC and the SAN was not the only requirement for maximizing toughness. The decreasing of tensile strength and the elongations might attribute to the lower entanglement between chains of CPVC and SAN. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

Study of compatibility, morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Co-reporter:Li-Xin Zhang;Chao Zhou;Shu-Lin Sun;Liang Ren;Xiao-Lin Ma;Ming-Yao Zhang;Hui-Xuan Zhang

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2010 Volume 116( Issue 6) pp:3448-3454

Publication Date(Web):

DOI:10.1002/app.31855

Abstract

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends were studied. The core-shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core-shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core-shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core-shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Effect of the composition of -MSAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/-MSAN blends

Co-reporter:Lixia Zhang;Shulin Sun;Liang Ren;Fangfang Zhang;Huixuan Zhang

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2008 Volume 108( Issue 5) pp:3016-3023

Publication Date(Web):

DOI:10.1002/app.27795

Abstract

A series of α-methylstyrene, styrene, and acrylonitrile (α-MSAN) copolymers with different acrylonitrile (AN) contents were synthesized by altering α-MSt, St, and AN ratios with emulsion copolymerization method. By melt-blending these copolymers with PVC resin and di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP), PVC/α-MSAN, and PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends were prepared. The miscibility and morphology of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy. The PVC is immiscible with SAN by melt-mixing, whereas PVC is miscible with α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) if AN weight percent is within the window range of 20–25 wt %, and α-MSAN (not containing St) with 35 wt % AN is miscible with PVC even when they are blended by melt-mixing. Replacement of styrene with α-methylstyrene widens the miscibility window with PVC. The miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends is substantially improved with the increasing α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer containing identical AN content. When DOP was introduced into the PVC/α-MSAN (α-MSt/St = 1/1) blends, a single tan δ peak over room temperature in DMA detection is found as AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is within the range of 15–25 wt %, and SEM observation also shows that the blends are homogeneous. When the AN content in α-MSAN copolymer is over 35 wt %, the presence of DOP causes the phase domain extended. The phase domain size of the PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends intensively depends on AN content in α-MSAN copolymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Effect of α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends

Co-reporter:Lixia Zhang;Shulin Sun;Xinwen Li;Huixuan Zhang

Polymer Bulletin 2008 Volume 61( Issue 1) pp:

Publication Date(Web):2008 July

DOI:10.1007/s00289-008-0933-7

A series of α-methylstyrene, styrene and acrylonitrile(α-MSAN) copolymers with different α-methylstyrene (α-MSt) content were synthesized by altering α-MSt and St ratios with emulsion copolymerization method. By melt blending these copolymers with PVC resin and di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP), PVC/α-MSAN and PVC/α-MSAN/DOP blends were prepared. The miscibility and morphology of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The miscibility of PVC/α-MSAN blends is substantially improved with the increasing α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer containing identical AN content and the blends show homogeneous morphology as the α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer is up to 22.5wt%. α-MSAN copolymer containing 37.5wt% α-MSt is fully miscible with PVC throughout the whole composition range. When DOP was introduced into the PVC/α-MSAN blends, a single Tanδ peak over room temperature in DMA detection is found as α-MSt content in α-MSAN copolymer is from 15 to 75 wt%, and morphology result also shows that the PVC and α-MSAN copolymer is miscible under the influence of DOP.