Co-reporter:Jingwen Dai, Zili Li, Taisheng Wang, Wei Bai, and Ruke Bai
Organic Letters March 17, 2017 Volume 19(Issue 6) pp:
Publication Date(Web):March 2, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00347
The first stable diheteroatom fluoroalkylation reagent, 2-((2-azido-1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio)pyrimidine (ACTP), has been prepared by a novel method. By using this reagent, various fluorinated thioethers and sulfones have been successfully prepared. The dearylation and dearylation–oxidation of fluoroalkyl 2-pyrimidyl sulfone in one-pot reaction were investigated systematically, and the results demonstrated that both fluoroalkyl sulfinates and sulfonates could be obtained in high yields. In addition, ACTP proved to be useful for the preparation of a fluorinated sulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane.
Co-reporter:Zili Li, Miao Tang, Jingwen Dai, Taisheng Wang, Zhisheng Wang, Wei Bai, and Ruke Bai
Macromolecules June 13, 2017 Volume 50(Issue 11) pp:4292-4292
Publication Date(Web):May 31, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00668
Two-dimensional (2D) polymer has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent properties. Although a number of 2D polymers have been reported, preparation of free-standing single-layer 2D polymers in solution is still a big challenge. Here we report a facile and highly efficient strategy for synthesis of free-standing single-layer covalent pseudo-2D polymers via free radical polymerization in water on a large scale. The strategy designated as “two-dimensional self-assembly polymerization (2DSP)” includes formation of supramolecular 2D nanosheets by self-assembly of bola-amphiphilic monomer that bearing two maleic acid moieties and transformation of supramolecular 2D nanosheets to covalent pseudo-2D polymers by copolymerization with vinyl monomers. We find that the counterion of the bola-amphiphile has a significant influence on formation of single-layer supramolecular 2D nanosheets, and the formation of 2D polymer sheets is highly related to the vinyl monomers. The unique 2D polymer sheets were used to prepare hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties.
Co-reporter:Na Zhang, Taisheng Wang, Xing Wu, Chen Jiang, Taiming Zhang, Bangkun Jin, Hengxing Ji, Wei Bai, and Ruke Bai
ACS Nano July 25, 2017 Volume 11(Issue 7) pp:7223-7223
Publication Date(Web):June 22, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.7b03109
Recently, investigation on two-dimensional (2D) organic polymers has made great progress, and conjugated 2D polymers already play a dynamic role in both academic and practical applications. However, a convenient, noninterfacial approach to obtain single-layer 2D polymers in solution, especially in aqueous media, remains challenging. Herein, we present a facile, highly efficient, and versatile “1D to 2D” strategy for preparation of free-standing single-monomer-thick conjugated 2D polymers in water without any aid. The 2D structure was achieved by taking advantage of the side-by-side self-assembly of a rigid amphiphilic 1D polymer and following topochemical photopolymerization in water. The spontaneous formation of single-layer polymer sheets was driven by synergetic association of the hydrophobic interactions, π–π stacking interactions, and electrostatic repulsion. Both the supramolecular sheets and the covalent sheets were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses and electron microscope techniques. Moreover, in comparison of the supramolecular 2D polymer, the covalent 2D polymer sheets exhibited not only higher mechanical strength but also higher conductivity, which can be ascribed to the conjugated network within the covalent 2D polymer sheets.Keywords: 1D to 2D; 2D polymers; conductivity; single-monomer-thick; topochemical photopolymerization;
Co-reporter:Taisheng Wang, Na Zhang, Jingwen Dai, Zili Li, Wei Bai, and Ruke Bai
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces April 5, 2017 Volume 9(Issue 13) pp:11874-11874
Publication Date(Web):March 14, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acsami.7b00176
Although the rational designed mechanochromic polymer (MCP) materials have evoked major interest and experienced significant progress recently, it is still a great challenge to develop a facile and effective strategy for preparation of reversible broad-spectrum MCPs with a combination of wide-range color switch ability and high sensitivity, which thus make it possible to mimic gorgeous color change as in nature. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel rhodamine-based mechanochromic elastomer. Our results demonstrated that the elastomer exhibited very promising and unique properties. Three primary fluorescence colors were presented during continuous uniaxial extension and relaxing process, and reversible broad-spectrum fluorescence color change could be achieved consequently. The fluorescence quantum yield of the opened zwitterion of this new mechanophore was as high as 0.67. In addition, the elastomer showed very high sensitivity to stress with a detectable activation strain of ∼0.24, which was much smaller than those reported in the previous literature reports. Meantime, the easy-to-obtain material, facile preparation, and good mechanical property also made it suitable for potential practical applications.Keywords: bond bending; bond scission; broad-spectrum; high sensitivity; mechanochromic; rhodamine;
Co-reporter:Xiaoqian Hu, Fang Chen, Na Li, Wei Bai, Ruke Bai
Polymer Degradation and Stability 2017 Volume 142(Volume 142) pp:
Publication Date(Web):1 August 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.014
A new strategy have been developed for preparation of photo- and chemo-cleavable polystyrene by incorporating o-nitrobenzyl ester moiety as a photosensitive linking unit into the main chain of the polymer. The strategy is based on the highly efficient esterification reaction of dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), with organic dihalide, 2-nitro-1,3-phenylene bis(methylene-2-chloroacetate) and free radical polymerization of styrene. Multiblock polystyrenes were successfully synthesized by a combination of the esterification reaction and the radical polymerization of styrene by one-pot approach. Moreover, the photocleavage behavior of the multiblock PS in THF solution and in solid state was examined under UV irradiation at room temperature in air atmosphere. The results demonstrated that the multiblock polystyrenes could be cleaved into separate PS blocks not only by UV light, but also by hydrolysis of the ester groups. In addition, the incorporation of o-nitrobenzyl units into the backbone of PS has no obvious influence on the thermal stability.
Co-reporter:Taisheng Wang, Na Zhang, Ke Zhang, Jingwen Dai, Wei Bai and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2016 vol. 52(Issue 62) pp:9679-9682
Publication Date(Web):06 Jul 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CC03248F
Two pyrene boronic acid cyclic esters, PPB and NPB, were prepared and their solid state fluorescence properties were investigated. Interestingly, the results showed that PPB with a 5-membered ring possessed reversible mechanoluminescence and vapochromic behaviour with a fast self-recovering ability at room temperature, whereas NPB with a 6-membered ring did not. It was demonstrated that the mechanically responsive fluorescence properties of PPB and NPB were highly related to the molecular packing mode and the solid state plasticity.
Co-reporter:Jingwen Dai, Zili Li, Taisheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2016 vol. 14(Issue 19) pp:4382-4386
Publication Date(Web):18 Apr 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6OB00637J
A highly stable heterobifunctional fluoroalkylation reagent, 1-azido-2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (ACTI) has been prepared in high yield for the first time by a new method. Moreover, the reactivity of both the azido group and the iodine atom of the reagent was systematically investigated and the results demonstrate that this compound is a very versatile and useful new fluoroalkylation reagent for preparation of fluorinated organic compounds.
Co-reporter:Shuen Liang, Yalin Zhu, Hui Wang, Taiwen Wu, Chunrong Tian, Jianhua Wang, and Ruke Bai
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2016 Volume 55(Issue 10) pp:2721-2730
Publication Date(Web):February 23, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04543
Thermoregulated rigid polyurethane foams containing silica shelled nanoencapsulated phase change materials (NanoPCMs) were fabricated. Chemical composition and morphology of the composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal properties of the composite foams were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) methods. The NanoPCMs are homogeneously dispersed in a polyurethane matrix. Higher NanoPCMs contents in the composite foams lead to slightly increased cell size, minor decrease of glass transition temperature (Tg), and higher phase change enthalpies. The composite foams exhibit good thermal reliability, reasonable thermoregulation property, and fairly high compressive properties. In addition, the compressive property-density relationship for the composite foams agrees well with the Gibson–Ashby’s power law.
Co-reporter:Zili Li, Miao Tang, Jingwen Dai, Taisheng Wang, Ruke Bai
Polymer 2016 Volume 85() pp:67-76
Publication Date(Web):24 February 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.025
•Azide diblock copolymers of well-defined structure were synthesized through RAFT polymerization.•Hydrophilic MWCNT with different length of PAA brushes were prepared.•MWCNT based composite hydrogels with high strength and excellent stretchability were prepared by using MWCNT-PAA brushes.•Mechanical properties and swelling property were highly dependent on the MWCNT-PAA brushes.Diblock copolymers of poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(azidomethyl styrene) were synthesized and used to modify multiwalled carbon nanotubes. After hydrolysis of the PtBA block, hydrophilic MWCNTs with poly(acrylic acid) brushes (MWCNT-PAA) were obtained and characterized. Then novel polyacrylamide composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in presence of MWCNT-PAA. Our results show that the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels are significantly improved with increasing the content of MWCNT-PAA. For the composite hydrogels, when the content of MWCNTs (weight ratio of MWCNT-PAA/AM) reached to 1.4 wt%, the tensile strength and the elongation were measured to be 82.7 kPa and 508% respectively, which are at least 3.9 and 3.1 times higher than those of the polyacrylamide hydrogel. Moreover, the swelling property of the hydrogel can be regulated through the content of MWCNT-PAA. Therefore, these hydrogels may have potential applications in biomedical fields without the limitations of water capacity and mechanical properties.Multiwalled carbon nanotube based polyacrylamide composite hydrogels with high strength were prepared by using multiwalled carbon nanotube-grafted polymer brushes and acrylamide through in situ polymerization.
Co-reporter:Taisheng Wang, Na Zhang, Qianbiao Li, Zili Li, Yinyin Bao, Ruke Bai
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2016 Volume 225() pp:81-89
Publication Date(Web):31 March 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.014
•New branched conjugated polymer possesses multifunctional sensing properties to Co2+, Ag+, cysteine and strong acidic gas.•The linear range of detection for cysteine is easily tuned by adding different concentration of Ag+ ions.•Low detection limit was achieved for HCl gas with fast response rate.•Compared with the linear polymer, the branched polymer possesses higher sensitivity.Herein, new linear and branched conjugated polymers containing 2,2′-biimidazole moiety were successfully designed and synthesized through Suzuki coupling reactions, and their fluorescence sensing properties to metal ions, amino acids, and acid gas were investigated. The emission of the two polymers can be efficiently quenched by Co2+ through a photo-induced electron transfer process with “turn off” character without disturbance of Cu2+. The polymers also show ratiometric fluorescence changes toward Ag+, and the resulting polymer–Ag+ complexes exhibit excellent sensing properties for detection of cysteine with high selectivity and fast response (less than 1 min). The linear detection range of cysteine can be tuned conveniently by changing the amount of Ag+ ions. In addition, we also found that the emission color of the polymer solution can reversibly change from blue to green on exposure to HCl and NH3 gases, which may be utilized to detect strong acidic gas efficiently. All the results demonstrate that the 2,2′-biimidazole-based conjugated polymers can be used as excellent multifunctional fluorescent sensors. It should be noted that the branched polymer possesses a higher sensitivity, compared with the linear polymer.
Co-reporter:Qianbiao Li;Xiaoqian Hu ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2015 Volume 36( Issue 20) pp:1810-1815
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.201500315
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Junfeng Wang, Ge Zhang, Ruke Bai, and Yi Pang
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2014 Volume 6(Issue 6) pp:4402
Publication Date(Web):February 27, 2014
DOI:10.1021/am500102s
We have designed and synthesized a novel ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter MHF-based ESIPT process for specific detection of cysteine among the biological thiols. The probe MHF shows very weak blue fluorescence under UV excitation. Upon addition of cysteine (Cys), the reaction of Cys with MHF induces acrylate hydrolysis, thereby enabling the ESIPT process to shift the weak blue emission to a strong green emission with about 20-fold enhancement. We utilized 1H NMR spectra to elucidate the fluorescence sensing mechanism. Moreover, the cellular imaging experiment indicated the MHF possessed excellent selectivity, low cytotoxicity, and desirable cell permeability for biological applications.Keywords: bioimaging; chemodosimeter; cysteine; fluorescence; ratiometric; selectivity;
Co-reporter:Qianbiao Li, Taisheng Wang, Jingwen Dai, Chao Ma, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2014 vol. 50(Issue 25) pp:3331-3334
Publication Date(Web):09 Jan 2014
DOI:10.1039/C3CC49286A
A facile one pot strategy for the preparation of linear and hyperbranched polyacrylates has been successfully developed by the combination of in situ esterification of acrylic acid with halogenated compounds promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and RAFT polymerization.
Co-reporter:Qing Li, Lei Liu, Qingqing Miao, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2014 vol. 50(Issue 21) pp:2791-2793
Publication Date(Web):23 Jan 2014
DOI:10.1039/C3CC47897A
2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl)-phenol was synthesized as a trifunctional moiety and incorporated onto poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) to obtain a novel quaternary ammonium functionalized PPO (PPO-TQA). Membranes of the polymer were fabricated and exhibited high conductivity, a low swelling ratio and water uptake.
Co-reporter:Qianbiao Li, Taisheng Wang, Chao Ma, Wei Bai, and Ruke Bai
ACS Macro Letters 2014 Volume 3(Issue 11) pp:1161
Publication Date(Web):October 21, 2014
DOI:10.1021/mz5005184
A facile and highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of functional polyesters from 10-undecenoic acid, which is abundantly available and derived from ricin oil, has been successfully achieved using 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine (TMG) as a promoter at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that high molecular weight polyesters have been obtained and a variety of functional groups, such as alkenyl, alkynyl, nitro, epoxy, hydroxyl, and bromoisobutyrate, can be incorporated as pendant groups. The structures of the obtained polymers were demonstrated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and their thermal properties were studied by DSC and TGA.
Co-reporter:Qing Li, Lei Liu, Qingqing Miao, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2014 vol. 5(Issue 7) pp:2208-2213
Publication Date(Web):17 Jan 2014
DOI:10.1039/C3PY01673K
A new ABA triblock copolymer (QPPO-PAES-QPPO) was successfully synthesized by combining one block of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (B, PAES) and two blocks of quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (A, QPPO). Membranes of the triblock copolymer with distinct nanophase separation showed high performance.
Co-reporter:Pucheng Wang, Jingwen Dai, Lei Liu, Qibao Dong, Hu Wang and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2014 vol. 5(Issue 21) pp:6358-6364
Publication Date(Web):24 Jul 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4PY00902A
Living/controlled radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene and N-vinylpyrrolidone has been successfully achieved at room temperature under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of ethyl 2-(ethoxycarbonothioylthio)acetate. The living/controlled character of the polymerization was confirmed by GPC and NMR analyses, as well as the chain extension polymerization. The physical properties of the obtained polymers were investigated and the experimental results indicate that the fluorinated copolymer showed excellent film-forming characteristics and high mechanical properties. Moreover, the fluorinated amphiphilic block copolymers prepared by chain extension polymerization show good biocompatibility.
Co-reporter:Qing Li, Lei Liu, Shuen Liang, Qianbiao Li, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2014 vol. 5(Issue 7) pp:2425-2432
Publication Date(Web):02 Dec 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3PY01435E
We designed and synthesized a novel poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with imidazolium-functionalized aromatic side chains by the reaction of imidazole-functionalized PPO and methyl iodide, and then prepared the acid doped PPO membrane by immersing the polymer membrane in phosphoric acid (PA). To achieve a high acid doping level and a high dimensional stability, the cross-linked membranes were prepared by the reaction of the imidazole groups of the polymer and 1,4-bis(bromomethyl) benzene. The PA content, area swelling, and tensile strength of the non-crosslinked and the crosslinked membranes doped with a H3PO4 solution were measured. The results showed that the crosslinked membrane with a PA content of 438% possessed the highest conductivity of 54 mS cm−1 at 140 °C with high dimensional stability and high tensile strength. Moreover, no shape change of the membranes was observed in 15 days in a Fenton solution containing 3% H2O2 and 4 ppm Fe2+ at 80 °C, indicating a high oxidative stability. Therefore, this new polymer can be considered as a promising candidate for preparing a high temperature proton exchange membrane for use in fuel cells.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Taisheng Wang, Qianbiao Li, Fanfan Du, Ruke Bai, Mario Smet and Wim Dehaen
Polymer Chemistry 2014 vol. 5(Issue 3) pp:792-798
Publication Date(Web):09 Sep 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3PY01014G
We designed and synthesized an amphiphilic conjugated polymer P1 based on the 2,2′-biimidazole unit, and then investigated its sensing properties as an aggregation-based platform. P1 shows multicolor emission in organic solvents at different water contents, and is demonstrated to be the first multicolor fluorescent sensor for water. And it exhibits visually noticeable multicolor fluorescence response to Ag+ in aqueous dioxane and to Hg2+ ions in aqueous ethanol. In addition, the polymer–Hg2+ complex system can be used as an efficient cysteine fluorescent sensor based on the aggregation–disaggregation strategy. These results validate P1 as an efficient multifunctional platform with multicolor fluorescence response.
Co-reporter:Lei Liu, Qing Li, Jingwen Dai, Hu Wang, Bangkun Jin, Ruke Bai
Journal of Membrane Science 2014 453() pp: 52-60
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.054
Co-reporter:Guang Li, Farong Tao, Liping Wang, Yuchao Li, Ruke Bai
Polymer 2014 Volume 55(Issue 16) pp:3696-3702
Publication Date(Web):5 August 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.064
A series of well-defined azide polymers, poly(styrene-co-4-vinylbenzyl azide) with different content of azide groups, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. The single-chain polymeric nanoparticles were then facilely prepared via single polymer chain collapse and intramolecular crosslinking reaction of the azide polymer in a dilute solution at room temperature under UV irradiation within several minutes. The polymeric nanoparticles were characterized with 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, TEM and DLS measurements, and the mean diameter of the nanoparticles was evaluated to be 5.5 ± 0.8 nm in the dry state. Furthermore, the polymeric nanoparticles containing azide groups were successfully used to prepare the single-chain polymeric fluorescent nanoparticles via click reaction with N-propargyl carbazole.
Co-reporter:Guang Li, Fanfan Du, Hu Wang, Ruke Bai
Reactive and Functional Polymers 2014 75() pp: 75-80
Publication Date(Web):February 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.12.007
Co-reporter:Fanfan Du, Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2013 vol. 49(Issue 41) pp:4631-4633
Publication Date(Web):03 Apr 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3CC40810H
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing red fluorescent nanoparticles were designed and prepared for rapid detection of aqueous fluoride ions by virtue of the fluoride-triggered self-quenching of perylene bisimide dyes in nanoparticle cores.
Co-reporter:Qianbiao Li, Yinyin Bao, Hu Wang, Fanfan Du, Qing Li, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2013 vol. 4(Issue 9) pp:2891-2897
Publication Date(Web):22 Mar 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3PY00155E
Esterifications of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been investigated with a wide variety of halogenated compounds such as iodide, bromide, and chloride using 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine as a promoter. The results demonstrate that the poly(meth)acrylates can be obtained with an excellent degree of esterification at room temperature. The influence of solvent, reaction conditions, and halogenated compounds on the esterification reaction was examined. It was found that polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), are favorable for the esterification and high degree of esterification can be achieved in a short time. Moreover, the esterification reaction of PMAA has been successfully performed in an aqueous solution of DMSO, which indicates that the solvent does not necessarily have to be dried for this reaction. Primary and secondary halogenated compounds can successfully react with PMAA or PAA, while tertiary halogenated compounds fail to react. In addition, combining this esterification reaction with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), macromonomers were conveniently prepared by the reaction of halogen-capped polymers with methacrylic acid under mild conditions.
Co-reporter:Pucheng Wang, Jingwen Dai, Lei Liu, Qibao Dong, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2013 vol. 4(Issue 6) pp:1760-1764
Publication Date(Web):23 Jan 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3PY21158D
Living/controlled radical copolymerization of hexafluoropropylene and butyl vinyl ether has been successfully achieved at room temperature under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of ethyl 2-(ethoxycarbonothioylthio) acetate. The copolymer end-capped with a sulfonic acid group has been prepared by oxidation of the xanthate end group.
Co-reporter:Yanxue Wang, Bin Liu, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li, Fanfan Du, Taisheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Analyst 2013 vol. 138(Issue 3) pp:779-782
Publication Date(Web):05 Dec 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2AN36408E
A simple chemodosimeter array has been successfully achieved for the detection and discrimination of different palladium species by using principal component analysis.
Co-reporter:Qing Li, Lei Liu, Shuen Liang, Qibao Dong, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
RSC Advances 2013 vol. 3(Issue 32) pp:13477-13485
Publication Date(Web):14 May 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3RA40707A
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with an imidazolium-type ionic liquid polymer, PIL(BF4)–MWCNTs, have been successfully prepared via in situ free radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([VMIm][I]) and then blended with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) containing imidazolium groups (PPO–MIm) in solution to fabricate composite membranes. The composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the SEM images of the membranes show that the PIL(BF4)–MWCNTs can be homogeneously dispersed in the PPO–MIm matrix. The conductivity and mechanical properties of the composite membranes were examined. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of the PIL(BF4)–MWCNTs into the membranes of PPO–MIm can increase both conductivity and mechanical properties. The composite membrane containing 0.3 wt% of PIL(BF4)–MWCNTs (P(0.3)) exhibits a dramatic enhancement in ionic conductivity (95.3%) and tensile strength (82.9%) in comparison with the membrane without PIL(BF4)–MWCNTs. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the incorporation of functionalized carbon nanotubes is a facile and useful strategy for improving both ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of alkaline polymer electrolyte membranes.
Co-reporter:Hu Wang, Qianbiao Li, Jingwen Dai, Fanfan Du, Haiting Zheng, and Ruke Bai
Macromolecules 2013 Volume 46(Issue 7) pp:2576-2582
Publication Date(Web):March 25, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ma400208j
Polymerization of methyl acrylate under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the presence of S-1-dodecyl-S′-(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (DDMAT) was investigated by in situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Effects of light intensity, wavelength, and concentration of DDMAT on the polymerization behaviors were studied in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the “living” features of the photopolymerization are related to the concentration of DDMAT. “Living”/controlled radical polymerization was successfully achieved with a high concentration of DDMAT. However, with a low concentration of DDMAT, the polymerization proceeded in an uncontrolled manner and produced polymers with high molecular weights and broad polydispersities. Photochemical behavior of DDMAT was studied in detail, and the results showed that the photolysis of DDMAT was reversible at high concentration, whereas contrarily, DDMAT decomposed irreversibly at low concentration. A possible mechanism was proposed for the reversible photolysis of DDMAT at high concentration, which may involve both reversible termination and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer approaches.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Yinyin Bao, Hu Wang, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li, Taisheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 8) pp:3555-3561
Publication Date(Web):19 Jan 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM15651B
Based on the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism, a 2,6-dithienyl-4-phenylpyridine-containing conjugated polymer (P-A) has been designed and synthesized via a Sonogashira coupling reaction as an efficient fluorescent sensor for palladium and platinum ions. The metal ion-sensitivity of P-A was evaluated using a series of transition metal ions in aqueous solution. On binding to Pd2+ or Pt4+, fluorescence quenching of P-A was demonstrated by an approximately 80% reduction in the fluorescence intensity, while no obvious fluorescence change could be observed in the presence of other metal ions. Compared with its small molecular counterpart, P-A exhibits higher sensitivity and selectivity. The fluorescence intensity of P-A has shown a linear response to both Pd2+ and Pt4+ in the concentration range of 1–10 μM with a detection limit of 1 × 10−6 M in aqueous solution. It has been demonstrated that the sensitive property of the polymer sensors for the palladium and platinum ions is highly dependent on the fine structure of the conjugated polymers. The fluorescence quenching can be attributed to the Pd/Pt-induced aggregation of the polymer chains, which has been proved by fluorescence anisotropy methods. These results indicate that the fluorescence-amplifying method based on the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism has enormous potential for the development of highly efficient fluorescence sensors towards the detection of palladium and platinum ions.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Hu Wang and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:5291-5294
Publication Date(Web):13 Feb 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM16364K
A new strategy for highly selective and sensitive detection of both F− and Zn2+ with dual output modes was developed, which is based on a combination of F− induced desilylation reaction and chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect caused by Zn2+.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Qianbiao Li, Bin Liu, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Hu Wang, Yanxue Wang and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 vol. 48(Issue 1) pp:118-120
Publication Date(Web):04 Nov 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1CC15787F
Two novel conjugated polymers containing a 2,2′-biimidazole moiety have been designed, synthesized, and demonstrated to be used as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for detection of Ag+ and cysteine. This is the first example utilizing a fluorescent conjugated polymer–Ag+ complex to selectively detect Cys with a nanomolar range detection limit.
Co-reporter:Yanxue Wang, Xinle Li, Fanfan Du, Hansen Yu, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 vol. 48(Issue 22) pp:2800-2802
Publication Date(Web):16 Jan 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2CC17525H
Alcohols have been demonstrated to be efficient reducing agents for AGET-ATRP for the first time. Well-controlled polymerizations have been successfully achieved with the typical characteristics of “living”/controlled radical polymerization.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Taisheng Wang, Yinyin Bao, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 vol. 48(Issue 23) pp:2867-2869
Publication Date(Web):16 Jan 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2CC17677G
An aqueous ratiometric ESIPT sensor with a 87 nM (15.4 ppb) detection limit was successfully synthesized and applied for detection of all oxidation states of palladium species.
Co-reporter:Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Hu Wang, Bin Liu, Bangkun Jin, and Ruke Bai
Macromolecules 2012 Volume 45(Issue 7) pp:3086-3093
Publication Date(Web):March 26, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ma300100s
A novel well-defined amphiphilic fluorescent polymer containing asymmetric perylene bisimide was designed and synthesized by combining reaction of perylene anhydride with amino functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). All the intermediate and final products were characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analyses, and gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). Self-assembly of the amphiphilic polymers was investigated in aqueous solution and POSS-containing hybrid nanoparticles were obtained and characterized by dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The novel hybrid nanoparticles exhibit attractive high red fluorescence at 645 nm due to the significant effect of the bulky POSS moieties. Moreover, based on the thermoresponsive PNIPAM coronas, the fluorescence intensity of the self-assembled hybrid nanoparticles can be further enhanced and tuned by changing temperature.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Hu Wang, Qianbiao Li, Bin Liu, Qing Li, Wei Bai, Bangkun Jin, and Ruke Bai
Macromolecules 2012 Volume 45(Issue 8) pp:3394-3401
Publication Date(Web):April 9, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ma300361t
Three novel conjugated polymers based on 2,2′-biimidazole have been successfully designed and synthesized through the Suzuki coupling reactions, and their fluorescence sensing ability to metal ions and anions was investigated. The emission of the two polymers with hydrophilic side chains can be efficiently quenched by Cu2+ through a photoinduced electron transfer process. Moreover, the polymer–Cu2+ complexes exhibit excellent “turn on” sensing properties for detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) anion. These complex sensors possess high selectivity avoiding the interference from other anions, very fast response (less than 3 min) to PPi, and the detection limit of about 0.17 ppm. In addition, the linear detection range of PPi can be tuned conveniently by changing the amount of Cu2+ ions. Thus, the conjugated polymers can be used as a novel fluorescent sensing platform, and this work provides a new strategy for the development of PPi sensors.
Co-reporter:Fanfan Du, Hu Wang, Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Haiting Zheng and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2011 vol. 21(Issue 29) pp:10859-10864
Publication Date(Web):17 Jun 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1JM11389E
A novel bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) zinc-based conjugated coordination polymer with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) in the side chains has been synthesized. In contrast to the traditional coordination polymers, this new coordination polymer has good solubility in common organic solvents and can be characterized and processed in solution. The thermal stability of the polymer is also enhanced by POSSs and the fluorescence is not quenched by intermolecular aggregation in the solid state. This fluorescence enhancement is due to the significant effect of the bulky POSS units. Nanoparticles is obtained by a facile self-assembly method of the polymer materials and the nanoparticles show strong fluorescence at 545 nm.
Co-reporter:Lei Liu, Dan Lu, Hu Wang, Qibao Dong, Pucheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 vol. 47(Issue 27) pp:7839-7841
Publication Date(Web):07 Jun 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1CC11749A
Living/controlled free radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethene and butyl vinyl ether has been successfully achieved at room temperature under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. The alternating and block copolymers have been obtained with well-defined molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Jiao Tian and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 vol. 47(Issue 13) pp:3957-3959
Publication Date(Web):21 Feb 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1CC00034A
A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for F− has been prepared, which is based on combination of desilylation reaction and excited-state proton transfer from the desilylation product to F−. The sensor exhibits rapid response, excellent selectivity and sensitivity to F−.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Yinyin Bao, Fanfan Du, Hu Wang, Jiao Tian and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 vol. 47(Issue 6) pp:1731-1733
Publication Date(Web):29 Nov 2010
DOI:10.1039/C0CC03819A
A novel conjugated polymer chemosensor 1 containing 2,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyridine has been synthesized and exhibits a high sensitivity and selectivity for palladium ion detection based on the fluorescent quenching effect.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Huiguang Dai, Yinyin Bao, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian and Ruke Bai
Polymer Chemistry 2011 vol. 2(Issue 8) pp:1699-1705
Publication Date(Web):18 May 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1PY00149C
This paper describes a strategy to design and synthesize novel 2,6-substituted pyridine derivative-containing conjugated polymers for metal ion sensing. Two polymers P-1 and P-2 were prepared and the ion sensing properties of the monomers and the polymers were examined by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra respectively. It was found that polymer sensor P-1 exhibited a high selectivity for palladium ions among various transitional metals. The main absorbance peak was enhanced and a new peak appeared with the addition of palladium ions, meanwhile a linear calibration curve was observed. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of emission maximum also decreased dramatically with a detection limit of 1 × 10−6 M in aqueous solution. These results indicate the polymer P-1 can be used as a novel sensor for Pd2+ detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. The excellent performance of the polymer for Pd2+ detection can be attributed to the structure of the modular-based conjugated polymer with the meta-substituted pyridine, which provides a proper spatial matching for selective binding of metal ions and this is very important for designing polymer sensors for metal ions.
Co-reporter:Haiting Zheng, Xiaodong Ye, Hu Wang, Lifeng Yan, Ruke Bai and Wanqun Hu
Soft Matter 2011 vol. 7(Issue 8) pp:3956-3962
Publication Date(Web):23 Feb 2011
DOI:10.1039/C0SM01132K
In this paper, novel amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-4-(acyl azido) phenyl methacrylate)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), abbreviated as PEO-b-P(NIPAM-co-AAPMA), have been designed and synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization at room temperature. Then self-assembly of the block copolymers has been studied and small cross-linked polymer nanoparticles have been successfully prepared. The units of acyl azido methacrylate act as hydrophobic moieties and crosslinking sites, PEO chains act as stabilizers for the formed particles, and PNIPAM chains make the particles sensitive to temperature. It was found that the size of the polymer particles was related to the unit ratio of NIPAM and AAPAM and by tuning the unit ratio we could easily prepare small cross-linked polymer nanoparticles in aqueous media without using any additional crosslinking agents. The size of polymer nanoparticles was characterized to be about 17 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the distribution of the particles is very narrow from the Laser light scattering (LLS) characterization.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Fanfan Du and Ruke Bai
Analytical Methods 2011 vol. 3(Issue 6) pp:1274-1276
Publication Date(Web):17 May 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1AY05194F
A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Cd2+ has been successfully prepared, which can distinguish Cd2+ from Zn2+ with both fluorescence intensity and emission shift. The detection limit is down to nanomolar range concentration in aqueous solution.
Co-reporter:Kang Tao;Ruke Bai;Xiulan Zhao;Yanxue Wang;Juan Li;Lixin Xue
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2011 Volume 212( Issue 10) pp:1016-1021
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/macp.201100023
Co-reporter:Yun Wang;Qibao Dong;Yanxue Wang;Hu Wang;Guang Li ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2010 Volume 31( Issue 20) pp:1816-1821
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.201000243
Co-reporter:Dairen Lu, Yun Wang, Hu Wang, Ruke Bai
European Polymer Journal 2010 Volume 46(Issue 7) pp:1417-1424
Publication Date(Web):July 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.04.024
An azobenzene-containing supramolecular copolymers, consisted of two polystyrene (PSt) arms and one poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arm linked via ionic bond, has been designed and successfully synthesized. Monomethoxy PEO with phenylazobenzenesulfonic acid as the terminus (PEO-NN-SO3H) was utilized to react with polystyrene carrying tertiary amino group at the middle of the polymer chain (PSt2-N(CH3)2) to form ion-bonded supramolecular star copolymers (PSt2-NN-PEO) with an azobenzene group at the core based on the interaction between sulfonic acid group and amino group. The obtained copolymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. The self-assembly behavior of the copolymers with different molecular weight of PSt was investigated, which shows solid spherical aggregates in water. The aggregation leads to the lower isomerization degree (54%) at the photostationary state in water compared with that in 1,4-dioxane (82%).Ion-bonded amphiphilic A2B miktoarm star copolymers with an azobenzene group at the core were synthesized. It was found that the copolymers self-assembled into solid spherical aggregates in water and the aggregation led to the lower isomerization degree (54%) at the photostationary state in water compared with that in 1,4-dioxane (82%).
Co-reporter:Guang Li, Haiting Zheng, Yanxue Wang, Hu Wang, Qibao Dong, Ruke Bai
Polymer 2010 Volume 51(Issue 9) pp:1940-1946
Publication Date(Web):20 April 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.002
Amphiphilic triblock azide copolymers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl acrylate) blocks have been synthesized through room temperature RAFT polymerization using redox initiation and were successfully used to fabricate superhydrophobic cotton fabric by a facile approach. The copolymers were covalently attached to the surface of the cotton fabric by the reaction of azide groups with the cotton fibres based on nitrene chemistry via UV irradiation. Due to introducing the fluorinated polymer chains, the cotton fabric was transformed from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 155°. Since the fluorinated polymer chains were covalently attached on the surface of the cotton fabric, the superhydrophobic cotton fabric possessed high stability and chemical durability.
Co-reporter:Guang Li;Hu Wang;Haiting Zheng ;Ruke Bai
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2010 Volume 48( Issue 6) pp:1348-1356
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.23896
Abstract
A new vinyl azide monomer, 2-chlorallyl azide (CAA), has been synthesized from commercially available reagent in one step. The reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of CAA with methyl acrylate (MA) was carried out at room temperature using a redox initiator, benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA), in the presence of benzyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate (BICDT). The polymerization results showed that the process bears the characteristics of controlled/living radical polymerizations, such as the molecular weight increasing linearly with the monomer conversion, the molecular weight distribution being narrow, and a linear relationship existing between ln([M]0/[M]) and the polymerization time. Chain extension polymerization was performed successfully to prepare block copolymer. Furthermore, the azide copolymers were functionalized by CuI-catalyzed “click” reaction with alkyne-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to yield graft copolymers with hydrophilic PEG side chains. Surface modification of the glass sheet was successfully achieved via the crosslinking reaction of the azide copolymer under UV irradiation at ambient temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1348–1356, 2010
Co-reporter:Guang Li, Hu Wang, Haiting Zheng and Ruke Bai
Langmuir 2010 Volume 26(Issue 10) pp:7529-7534
Publication Date(Web):February 15, 2010
DOI:10.1021/la904337z
Homogeneous dispersion and functionalization of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in various organic solvents was achieved by a simple ultrasonic process in the presence of an azide copolymer, poly(4-azidophenyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate)(P(APM-co-MA)). The copolymes were noncovalently attached to the surface of the MWNTs via π−π interactions to form MWNT−P(APM-co-MA) composites. The composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectra and UV−vis spectra. The solution dispersion of the MWNT−P(APM-co-MA) composites were used to prepare superhydrophobic cotton fabric by a facile dip-coating approach. MWNTs were covalently attached to the surface of the cotton fabric through the chemical reactions between the azide groups of P(APM-co-MA) with both MWNTs and cotton fibers. The reactions are based on UV-activated nitrene chemistry. Owing to the nanoscale roughness introduced by the attachment of MWNTs, the cotton fabric surface was transformed from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic with an apparent water contact angle of 154°. Since MWNTs were covalently attached on the surface of the cotton fabric, the superhydrophobicity possesses high stability and chemical durability.
Co-reporter:Yun Wang;Lu Lu;Hu Wang;Dairen Lu;Kang Tao ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2009 Volume 30( Issue 22) pp:1922-1927
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200900454
Co-reporter:Liang Zhang;Dairen Lu;Kang Tao ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2009 Volume 30( Issue 12) pp:1015-1020
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200900042
Co-reporter:Guang Li;Haiting Zheng ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2009 Volume 30( Issue 6) pp:442-447
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200800666
Co-reporter:Dairen Lu;Yun Wang;Kang Tao ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2009 Volume 30( Issue 2) pp:104-108
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200800567
Co-reporter:Kang Tao;Yanxue Wang;Wenda Wang;Dairen Lu;Yun Wang ;Ruke Bai
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2009 Volume 210( Issue 6) pp:478-485
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/macp.200800498
Co-reporter:Kang Tao;Dairen Lu;Ruke Bai;Hongfei Li;Lijia An
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2008 Volume 29( Issue 17) pp:1477-1483
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200800274
Co-reporter:Wei Bai;Liang Zhang;Ruke Bai;Guangzhao Zhang
Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2008 Volume 29( Issue 7) pp:562-566
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/marc.200700823
Co-reporter:Kang Tao, Tiayuan Wu, Dairen Lu, Ruke Bai, Hongfei Li, Lijia An
Journal of Molecular Liquids 2008 Volume 142(1–3) pp:118-123
Publication Date(Web):20 August 2008
DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2008.05.007
A novel ion-bonded discotic complex was prepared from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(N,N-dimethylaminopropylaminocarbonylmethoxy)triphenylene (HDTP) and 4′-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (DBC) by ionic self-assembly (ISA) route and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. We found that the complex can self-assemble into stable gels in aromatic hydrocarbons. Nanofibers with diameters of 50–130 nm were observed in the gels by transmission electron micrograph (TEM). The FTIR data in conjunction with UV–vis and fluorescence spectra suggested that the aggregation of the complex into elongated fibers in solution was induced by a directional extended network of hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. Based on the experiment analysis, we proposed a tentative model of the self-assembly of this two-component gel-phase material.
Co-reporter:Haiting Zheng;Wei Bai;Keliang Hu;Ruke Bai;Caiyuan Pan
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008 Volume 46( Issue 7) pp:2575-2580
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.22590
Co-reporter:Dairen Lu;Kang Tao;Yun Wang ;Ruke Bai
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008 Volume 46( Issue 23) pp:7667-7676
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.23067
Abstract
Supramolecular A2B rod-coil copolymer, composed of two polystyrene (PSt) arms and one oligo(para-phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) arm linked via ionic bond, has been designed and successfully synthesized. First, a trifunctional initiator, methyl 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzonate, was prepared and used to initiate the polymerization of styrene under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) condition to provide polystyrene (PSt) carrying monoester group at the middle of polymer chain. Then, the ester group was transferred into tertiary amino group to give amino-functionalized PSt, (PSt)2N(CH3)2. Subsequently, the ion-bonded rod-coil copolymer, (PSt)2OPE, was obtained by the reaction of (PSt)2N(CH3)2 with carboxy-terminated OPE (OPECOOH). The resulting copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. Vesicles and spherical micelles were generated from this supramolecular rod-coil copolymer through the manipulation of the initial polymer concentration in toluene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7667–7676, 2008
Co-reporter:Dairen Lu;Yun Wang;Tianyuan Wu;Kang Tao;Lijia An;Ruke Bai
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008 Volume 46( Issue 17) pp:5805-5815
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.22894
Abstract
Amphiphilic supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers linked by ionic bonds with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity have been successfully synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using an ion-bonded macromolecular RAFT agent (macro-RAFT agent). Firstly, a new tetrafunctional initiator, dimethyl 4,6-bis(bromomethyl)-isophthalate, was synthesized and used as an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene to form polystyrene (PSt) containing two ester groups at the middle of polymer chain. Then, the ester groups were converted into tertiary amino groups and the ion-bonded supramolecular macro-RAFT agent was obtained through the interaction between the tertiary amino group and 2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methyl propionic acid (DMP). Finally, ion-bonded amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymer, (PSt)2-poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide)2, was prepared by RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of the supramolecular macro-RAFT agent. The polymerization kinetics was investigated and the molecular weight and the architecture of the resulting star polymers were characterized by means of 1H-NMR, FTIR, and GPC techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5805–5815, 2008
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua, Xueping Ge, Jing Tang, Xiulin Zhu, Ruke Bai
European Polymer Journal 2007 Volume 43(Issue 3) pp:847-854
Publication Date(Web):March 2007
DOI:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.12.022
Controlled radical polymerization of MA has been achieved in the presence of a cyclic trithiocarbonate, 1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodiehiepine-3-thione, under γ-ray irradiation (60 Gy/min) at low temperature. The narrow molecular weight distributions and the linear kinetics curve indicate that the polymerization is a controlled free-radical process at low temperature (especially at −76 °C). The structures of resultant polymers were characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the results show that cyclic polymers can be formed at −76 °C, which may result from the reduced diffusion rate and the suppressed chain-transfer reaction at the lower temperature. It is further evidenced that the good control of the polymerization at the lower temperature may be associated with the suppressed chain-transfer reaction, not like reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization. The linear polymers probably result from the polymer chain radicals reacting with the radicals produced by the interaction of the irradiation and the monomer.
Co-reporter:Haiting Zheng;Keliang Hu;Ruke Bai;Daoben Hua;Lijia An;Caiyuan Pan
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007 Volume 45(Issue 13) pp:2609-2616
Publication Date(Web):16 MAY 2007
DOI:10.1002/pola.22018
A new vinyl acyl azide monomer, 4-(azidocarbonyl) phenyl methacrylate, has been synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the new monomer has been investigated with FTIR and thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and the monomer has been demonstrated to be stable below 50 °C in the solid state. The copolymerizations of the new monomer with methyl acrylate have been carried out at room temperature under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of benzyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate. The results show that the polymerizations bear all the characteristics of controlled/living free-radical polymerizations, such as the molecular weight increasing linearly with the monomer conversion, the molecular weight distribution being narrow (<1.20), and a linear relationship existing between ln([M]0/[M]) and the polymerization time. The data from 1H NMR and FTIR confirm that no change in the acyl azide groups has occurred in the polymerization process and that acyl azide copolymers have been obtained. The thermal stability of the polymers has also been investigated with TG/DTA and FTIR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2609–2616, 2007
Co-reporter:Tao Yu;Yun Wang;Dairen Lu;Ruke Bai
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007 Volume 1( Issue 2) pp:140-145
Publication Date(Web):2007 May
DOI:10.1007/s11705-007-0026-4
Dimethyl 4,6-bis(bromomethyl) isophthalate was synthesized by bromomethylation, oxidation, esterification and bromination of 1,3-dimethylbenzene. This was used to initiate the atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene successfully. Results showed that the process had some of the good characteristics of controlled/living free radical polymerization. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer increased linearly with monomer conversion, its molecular weight distribution was very narrow, and a linear relationship between ln([M]0/[M]) and polymerization time was found. A well-defined novel structural polystyrene containing two ester groups in the mid-main chain was prepared with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity. The structure of the polymer was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectra. After being hydrolyzed, dicarboxy polystyrene was obtained and used to form ionic-bonded supramolecules with 1-dodecanamine as a model of the star-shaped supramolecules. The supramolecules formed were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum.
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua;Xueping Ge;Jing Tang;Xiulin Zhu;Ruke Bai;Caiyuan Pan
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007 Volume 45(Issue 14) pp:2847-2854
Publication Date(Web):31 MAY 2007
DOI:10.1002/pola.22040
The free-radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) has been studied in the presence of a novel cyclic dixanthate under γ-ray irradiation (80 Gy min−1) at room temperature (∼28 °C), −30 °C, and −76 °C respectively. The resultant polymers have controlled molecular weights and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions, especially at low temperatures (i.e., −30 and −76 °C). The polymerization control may be associated with the temperature: the lower the temperature is, the more control there is. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) samples shows that there are at least three distributions: [3-(MA)n-H]+ cyclic polymers, [3-(MA)n-THF-H]+, and [3-(MA)n-(THF)2-H]+ linear PMAs. The relative content of the cyclic polymers markedly increases at a lower temperature, and this may be related to the reduced diffusion rate and the suppressed chain-transfer reaction at the low temperature. It is evidenced that the good control of the polymerization at the low temperature may be associated with the suppressed chain-transfer reaction, unlike reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. In addition, styrene bulk polymerizations have been performed, and gel permeation chromatography traces show that there is only one cyclic dixanthate moiety in the polymer chain. This article is the first to report the influence of a low temperature on controlled free-radical polymerizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2847–2854, 2007
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua;Junpeng Xiao;Ruke Bai;Weiqi Lu;Caiyuan Pan
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2004 Volume 205(Issue 13) pp:
Publication Date(Web):10 AUG 2004
DOI:10.1002/macp.200400131
Summary: The free-radical polymerizations of vinyl monomers have been studied under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (X1), S-benzyl O-phenyl dithiocarbonate (X2), S-benzyl O-2-naphthyl dithiocarbonate (X3), S-benzyl O-(4-methoxyphenyl) dithiocarbonate (X4), and methyl 4-{[(benzylthio)carbonothioyl]oxy}benzoate (X5), respectively. The results indicate that the polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) reveal good living characteristics in the presence of X2, X3, X4, and X5 with O-aryl groups, which play an important role in polymerization behavior; large aryl groups lead to slow polymerization. In contrast, the polymerizations with X1 couldn't be controlled and the obtained polymers had a broad-molecular-weight distribution or were even cross-linked. In addition, it was observed that the polymerization of styrene with X2 was a controlled process though it was very slow, and the uncontrolled polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) occurred under γ-ray irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xanthates being used as control agents in controlled/living free radical polymerization under γ-ray irradiation.
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua;Kun Cheng;Ruke Bai;Weiqi Lu;Caiyuan Pan
Polymer International 2004 Volume 53(Issue 7) pp:
Publication Date(Web):10 MAY 2004
DOI:10.1002/pi.1525
Rapid living free-radical polymerization of methyl acrylate under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of benzyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate at room temperature is reported. The results showed that the polymerization is a fast living process, and that the molecular weight of the polymer is as high as 39 600 g mol−1 at 68 % conversion with Mw/Mn = 1.09 within 68 min. The polymerization rate was markedly influenced by the structures of thiocarbonylthio compounds. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua;Jianxia Zhang;Ruke Bai;Weiqi Lu;Caiyuan Pan
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2004 Volume 205(Issue 8) pp:1125-1130
Publication Date(Web):13 MAY 2004
DOI:10.1002/macp.200300191
Summary: Free-radical polymerizations of vinyl monomers under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of benzyl 9H-carbazole-9-carbodithioate (BCCDT) have been studied. The polymers obtained were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results for the polymerization of methyl acrylate show that the molecular weight increases linearly with monomer conversion, that the molecular weight distribution is fairly narrow (even equal to 1.01) and that a linear relationship exists between ln([M]0/[M]) and polymerization time. All the evidence suggests that BCCDT is a good control agent and that the polymerization has excellent living characteristics. For styrene, the polymerization is a controlled process, although it is very slow, whereas the polymerization of methyl methacrylate is uncontrolled. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that dithiocarbamate has been used in γ-ray initiated living free radical polymerization.
Co-reporter:Daoben Hua;Ruke Bai;Weiqi Lu;Caiyuan Pan
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2004 Volume 42(Issue 22) pp:5670-5677
Publication Date(Web):1 OCT 2004
DOI:10.1002/pola.20394
The free radical polymerizations of methyl acrylate have been studied under γ-ray irradiation in the presence of the dithiocarbamates with different N-groups. The results indicate that the conjugation structure of the N-group of dithiocarbamate plays an important role in living free radical polymerization. The polymerizations reveal good living characteristics in the presence of dithiocarbamates (benzyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbodithioate, benzyl 1H-pyrrole-1-carbodithioate, benzyl 1H-indole-1-carbodithioate, and benzyl 9H-carbazole-9-carbodithioate) with N-aryl group. In contrast, the polymerization with benzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate cannot be controlled, and the obtained polymer has a broad molecular weight distribution or even crosslink occurs. Moreover, polymerization rate is influenced by the conjugation structure of the N-group of dithiocarbamate, and the aromatic polycyclic structure of the N-group leads to slow polymerization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5670–5677, 2004
Co-reporter:Ye-Zi You;Cai-Yuan Pan;Ping Zhong;Ping Zhong;Cai-Yuan Pan;Ye-Zi You
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2001 Volume 202(Issue 9) pp:1970-1973
Publication Date(Web):4 JUL 2001
DOI:10.1002/1521-3935(20010601)202:9<1970::AID-MACP1970>3.0.CO;2-Q
The polymerization of methyl acrylate and styrene was carried out under 60Co γ-irradiation in the presence of dithiobenzoic acid (DTBA) and the kinetics of the polymerization of methyl acrylate was studied. The polymerizations are of a controlled free radical character. The molecular weight of the polymers increases with increasing monomer conversion, and the polydispersities of polystyrene and poly(methyl acrylate) are less than 1.4.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Fanfan Du and Ruke Bai
Analytical Methods (2009-Present) 2011 - vol. 3(Issue 6) pp:NaN1276-1276
Publication Date(Web):2011/05/17
DOI:10.1039/C1AY05194F
A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Cd2+ has been successfully prepared, which can distinguish Cd2+ from Zn2+ with both fluorescence intensity and emission shift. The detection limit is down to nanomolar range concentration in aqueous solution.
Co-reporter:Taisheng Wang, Na Zhang, Ke Zhang, Jingwen Dai, Wei Bai and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 62) pp:NaN9682-9682
Publication Date(Web):2016/07/06
DOI:10.1039/C6CC03248F
Two pyrene boronic acid cyclic esters, PPB and NPB, were prepared and their solid state fluorescence properties were investigated. Interestingly, the results showed that PPB with a 5-membered ring possessed reversible mechanoluminescence and vapochromic behaviour with a fast self-recovering ability at room temperature, whereas NPB with a 6-membered ring did not. It was demonstrated that the mechanically responsive fluorescence properties of PPB and NPB were highly related to the molecular packing mode and the solid state plasticity.
Co-reporter:Fanfan Du, Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2013 - vol. 49(Issue 41) pp:NaN4633-4633
Publication Date(Web):2013/04/03
DOI:10.1039/C3CC40810H
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing red fluorescent nanoparticles were designed and prepared for rapid detection of aqueous fluoride ions by virtue of the fluoride-triggered self-quenching of perylene bisimide dyes in nanoparticle cores.
Co-reporter:Qing Li, Lei Liu, Qingqing Miao, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2014 - vol. 50(Issue 21) pp:NaN2793-2793
Publication Date(Web):2014/01/23
DOI:10.1039/C3CC47897A
2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl)-phenol was synthesized as a trifunctional moiety and incorporated onto poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) to obtain a novel quaternary ammonium functionalized PPO (PPO-TQA). Membranes of the polymer were fabricated and exhibited high conductivity, a low swelling ratio and water uptake.
Co-reporter:Qianbiao Li, Taisheng Wang, Jingwen Dai, Chao Ma, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2014 - vol. 50(Issue 25) pp:NaN3334-3334
Publication Date(Web):2014/01/09
DOI:10.1039/C3CC49286A
A facile one pot strategy for the preparation of linear and hyperbranched polyacrylates has been successfully developed by the combination of in situ esterification of acrylic acid with halogenated compounds promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and RAFT polymerization.
Co-reporter:Lei Liu, Dan Lu, Hu Wang, Qibao Dong, Pucheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 - vol. 47(Issue 27) pp:NaN7841-7841
Publication Date(Web):2011/06/07
DOI:10.1039/C1CC11749A
Living/controlled free radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethene and butyl vinyl ether has been successfully achieved at room temperature under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. The alternating and block copolymers have been obtained with well-defined molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Qianbiao Li, Bin Liu, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Hu Wang, Yanxue Wang and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 - vol. 48(Issue 1) pp:NaN120-120
Publication Date(Web):2011/11/04
DOI:10.1039/C1CC15787F
Two novel conjugated polymers containing a 2,2′-biimidazole moiety have been designed, synthesized, and demonstrated to be used as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for detection of Ag+ and cysteine. This is the first example utilizing a fluorescent conjugated polymer–Ag+ complex to selectively detect Cys with a nanomolar range detection limit.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Taisheng Wang, Yinyin Bao, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 - vol. 48(Issue 23) pp:NaN2869-2869
Publication Date(Web):2012/01/16
DOI:10.1039/C2CC17677G
An aqueous ratiometric ESIPT sensor with a 87 nM (15.4 ppb) detection limit was successfully synthesized and applied for detection of all oxidation states of palladium species.
Co-reporter:Yanxue Wang, Xinle Li, Fanfan Du, Hansen Yu, Bangkun Jin and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2012 - vol. 48(Issue 22) pp:NaN2802-2802
Publication Date(Web):2012/01/16
DOI:10.1039/C2CC17525H
Alcohols have been demonstrated to be efficient reducing agents for AGET-ATRP for the first time. Well-controlled polymerizations have been successfully achieved with the typical characteristics of “living”/controlled radical polymerization.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Yinyin Bao, Fanfan Du, Hu Wang, Jiao Tian and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 - vol. 47(Issue 6) pp:NaN1733-1733
Publication Date(Web):2010/11/29
DOI:10.1039/C0CC03819A
A novel conjugated polymer chemosensor 1 containing 2,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyridine has been synthesized and exhibits a high sensitivity and selectivity for palladium ion detection based on the fluorescent quenching effect.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Hu Wang, Jiao Tian and Ruke Bai
Chemical Communications 2011 - vol. 47(Issue 13) pp:NaN3959-3959
Publication Date(Web):2011/02/21
DOI:10.1039/C1CC00034A
A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for F− has been prepared, which is based on combination of desilylation reaction and excited-state proton transfer from the desilylation product to F−. The sensor exhibits rapid response, excellent selectivity and sensitivity to F−.
Co-reporter:Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Hu Wang and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:NaN5294-5294
Publication Date(Web):2012/02/13
DOI:10.1039/C2JM16364K
A new strategy for highly selective and sensitive detection of both F− and Zn2+ with dual output modes was developed, which is based on a combination of F− induced desilylation reaction and chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect caused by Zn2+.
Co-reporter:Fanfan Du, Hu Wang, Yinyin Bao, Bin Liu, Haiting Zheng and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2011 - vol. 21(Issue 29) pp:NaN10864-10864
Publication Date(Web):2011/06/17
DOI:10.1039/C1JM11389E
A novel bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) zinc-based conjugated coordination polymer with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) in the side chains has been synthesized. In contrast to the traditional coordination polymers, this new coordination polymer has good solubility in common organic solvents and can be characterized and processed in solution. The thermal stability of the polymer is also enhanced by POSSs and the fluorescence is not quenched by intermolecular aggregation in the solid state. This fluorescence enhancement is due to the significant effect of the bulky POSS units. Nanoparticles is obtained by a facile self-assembly method of the polymer materials and the nanoparticles show strong fluorescence at 545 nm.
Co-reporter:Jingwen Dai, Zili Li, Taisheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2016 - vol. 14(Issue 19) pp:NaN4386-4386
Publication Date(Web):2016/04/18
DOI:10.1039/C6OB00637J
A highly stable heterobifunctional fluoroalkylation reagent, 1-azido-2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (ACTI) has been prepared in high yield for the first time by a new method. Moreover, the reactivity of both the azido group and the iodine atom of the reagent was systematically investigated and the results demonstrate that this compound is a very versatile and useful new fluoroalkylation reagent for preparation of fluorinated organic compounds.
Co-reporter:Bin Liu, Yinyin Bao, Hu Wang, Fanfan Du, Jiao Tian, Qianbiao Li, Taisheng Wang and Ruke Bai
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 8) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1039/C2JM15651B
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