Co-reporter:Yuhang Jiang;Yao Li;Xuesong Wang
Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2017 Volume 33( Issue 1) pp:150-154
Publication Date(Web):07 January 2017
DOI:10.1007/s40242-017-6188-9
A new and effective organic-inorganic hybrid hydrophilic anti-fog coating was proposed and prepared. As is well-known, the presence of an inorganic component typically decreases the hydrophilicity and transparency of the coating. To solve this problem, we used polyethylene glycol with two different molecular weights to modify the si-lane coupling agent and mixed it with hydrophilic copolymer to form coating formulas. We coated these formulas on polycarbonate(PC) substrates to measure the anti-fogging properties via contact angle and anti-fogging tests, com-pared their transparency properties using UV-Vis spectra and evaluated the hardness using a pencil hardness tester. The results demonstrate that the molecular weight of PEG has a strong influence on the properties of the anti-fog coatings. After the corresponding optimization, we manufactured an excellent anti-fog coating. In addition to good adhesion and hardness, the coating also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, optical transparency and perfect anti-fogging performance.
Co-reporter:Danfeng Cao, Yingchao Zhang, Yao Li, Xiaoyu Shi, Haihuan Gong, Dan Feng, Xiaowei Guo, Zuosen Shi, Song Zhu, Zhanchen Cui
Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017 Volume 78(Volume 78) pp:
Publication Date(Web):1 September 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.054
•Superhydrophibic coating was prepared by photo-crosslinked PU and F-SiO2.•PU and F-SiO2 NPs facilitate the superhydrophibic property by synergetic effect.•The coating possessed hierarchical papillae structure and good biocompatibility.•It was used for anti-microleakage in dental caries restoration for the first time.•The coating showed superior anti-microleakage in dental restoration evaluation.Superhydrophobic coatings were successfully fabricated by photo-crosslinked polyurethane (PU) and organic fluoro group-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (F-SiO2 NPs), and were introduced for preventing microleakage in a dental composite restoration. The F-SiO2 NPs possessed low surface energy and the PU can not only improve the mechanical stability but also promote F-SiO2 NPs to form multiscale structure, which could facilitate the properties of the as-prepared superhydrophobic coating by synergetic effect. The morphology and properties of the resulted superhydrophobic coatings with different PU/F-SiO2 ratios were studied using 1H NMR spectrum, fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the superhydrophobic coatings with low PU/F-SiO2 ratio (1:3) possessed excellent hierarchical papillae structure with trapped air pockets, high contact angle (160.1°), low sliding angle (< 1°) and good transparency. Additionally, MTT experiments results certified the prominent cell viability and biocompatibility for clinical application. Based on its fantastically superhydrophobic property, the as-prepared superhydrophobic coatings effectively prevented water permeation in resin composite restoration evaluation. This research may provide an effective method to solve the problem of microleakage and will efficiently increase the success rate of dental composite restorations.Novle superhydrophobic coatings as promising candidate for anti-microleakage in dental caries restoration.Download high-res image (208KB)Download full-size image
Co-reporter:Zhenzhen Cai;Qixuan Yu;Yang Zheng;Xiaoyu Shi;Xuesong Wang;Zuosen Shi;Changming Chen;Daming Zhang
RSC Advances (2011-Present) 2017 vol. 7(Issue 31) pp:19136-19144
Publication Date(Web):2017/03/28
DOI:10.1039/C7RA01850A
Fluorinated polycarbonates containing dodecyl groups (AF-Ali-PC EPs), biphenyl groups (AF-Ar-PC EPs), and cross-linkable epoxy groups were synthesized to investigate the effects of the flexibility of monomers on the properties of thermo-optic waveguide devices. Transparent polymer films were prepared via photocuring of a solution (FPRs) containing AF-Ali-PC EPs or AF-Ar-PC EPs, a photo initiator, and cyclopentanone. The optical films have low surface energies and roughnesses, high thermal stabilities, and tunable refractive indices. Straight optical waveguide and MZI thermo-optic waveguide switch arrays were fabricated using Ali-PR 1 and Ar-PR 1. The propagation losses of the channel waveguides, measured by the cutback method, were 0.21 dB cm−1 and 0.19 dB cm−1 at the monitoring light of 1550 nm for the Ali-PR 1 and Ar-PR 1, respectively. The rise and fall times of the thermo-optic switch upon application of a 200 Hz square-wave voltage were 1.822 ms and 1.364 ms, respectively, for Ali-PRs and 2.994 ms and 2.301 ms, respectively, for Ar-PRs at the square-wave voltage of 110 Hz. The insertion loss and extinction ratio were measured to be 9.2 dB and 12.0 dB for the aliphatic segment-containing photoresists and 8.9 dB and 12.3 dB for the aromatic segment-containing photoresists, respectively. The applied electric powers were 15.0 mW and 20.0 mW, which were also the switching powers. In contrast with our previous work, fluoro-polycarbonates containing aliphatic segments were more suitable for optical waveguide devices than those containing aromatic segments.
Co-reporter:Zhenzhen Cai;Yuping Zhang;Yilong Song;Qiuli Cheng;Yang Zheng;Zuosen Shi;Changming Chen;Daming Zhang
Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017 vol. 1(Issue 10) pp:2031-2038
Publication Date(Web):2017/09/27
DOI:10.1039/C7QM00209B
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and optical properties of novel negative-type fluorinated polycarbonate photoresists (FPC-PRs) and their use in thermo-optic switches. The novel polymer films are readily fabricated by spin coating on a silicon wafer followed by irradiation with UV light and post-baking at 110 °C. These films exhibit low roughness, good thermal stability (Td, up to 292 °C), high transparency (up to 97.8% at 400 nm) and high refractive indices (RI, 1.583–1.512 at 1550 nm). Channel optical waveguide and MZI thermo-optic waveguide switch arrays were fabricated based on the direct UV-written technique using the FPC-PR 2. The propagation loss of the channel waveguide was only 0.17 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm. The rise and fall times of the device with an applied 500 Hz square-wave voltage were 837 μs and 381.8 μs, respectively. The applied electric power as the switching power was about 35 mW, and the extinction ratio was measured to be about 14.0 dB.
Co-reporter:Zhenzhen Cai;Yuping Zhang;Yilong Song;Qiuli Cheng;Yang Zheng;Zuosen Shi;Changming Chen;Daming Zhang
Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017 vol. 1(Issue 10) pp:2031-2038
Publication Date(Web):2017/09/27
DOI:10.1039/C7QM00209B
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and optical properties of novel negative-type fluorinated polycarbonate photoresists (FPC-PRs) and their use in thermo-optic switches. The novel polymer films are readily fabricated by spin coating on a silicon wafer followed by irradiation with UV light and post-baking at 110 °C. These films exhibit low roughness, good thermal stability (Td, up to 292 °C), high transparency (up to 97.8% at 400 nm) and high refractive indices (RI, 1.583–1.512 at 1550 nm). Channel optical waveguide and MZI thermo-optic waveguide switch arrays were fabricated based on the direct UV-written technique using the FPC-PR 2. The propagation loss of the channel waveguide was only 0.17 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm. The rise and fall times of the device with an applied 500 Hz square-wave voltage were 837 μs and 381.8 μs, respectively. The applied electric power as the switching power was about 35 mW, and the extinction ratio was measured to be about 14.0 dB.
Co-reporter:Zhenzhen Cai, Baolong Wang, Yang Zheng, Ming Li, Yao Li, Changming Chen, Daming Zhang, Zhanchen Cui and Zuosen Shi
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 vol. 4(Issue 3) pp:533-540
Publication Date(Web):15 Dec 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TC03657G
A series of novel thermo-optic (TO) polymers (AF-Z-PC EPs) were achieved and they could be mixed with photoinitiator in solvent and to produce the negative-type fluorinated photoresists (NFPRs). TO waveguide switch arrays were fabricated based on the direct UV-written technique using the NFPRs. As the core of waveguide materials, AF-Z-PC EPs were synthesized by solution polymerization with 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene) diphenol (6F-BPA) and bisphenol Z (BPZ) with triphosgene (BTC) and further reacted with epoxy chloropropane. The refractive index of the polymers can be adjusted by controlling the content of BPZ. Through a simple lithography process, the NFPRs can be fabricated as the waveguide easily. The propagation loss of a 4 μm wide straight waveguide was only 0.19 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm. The insertion loss of the device was directly measured to be about 9.0 dB. The rise and fall times of the device applied 200 Hz square-wave voltage were obtained as 1.546 ms and 1.226 ms, respectively. The switching power was about 15.5 mW, and the extinction ratio was 13.0 dB. The low-loss integrated switch arrays are suitable for realizing large-scale photonic integrated circuits.
Co-reporter:Yao Li, He Wang, Xuesong Wang, Zuosen Shi, Donghang Yan and Zhanchen Cui
Polymer Chemistry 2016 vol. 7(Issue 11) pp:2143-2150
Publication Date(Web):22 Feb 2016
DOI:10.1039/C5PY01982F
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and dielectric properties of novel polymers as functional dielectric layers in pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) to explore the relationship between the grain size and the charge carrier mobility with a single variable. The polymers were synthesized with a novel monomer, anthracen-10-ylmethyl methacrylate (A-10-YMA), that contained anthracene, which provided a crystal nucleus for the crystallization of pentacene. Increasing the amount of the novel monomer in the polymer structure resulted in a significant decrease in the grain size of the pentacene semiconductor. The result illustrates that pentacene TFTs with a suitable grain size of the pentacene semiconductor exhibit an excellent performance in terms of the charge carrier mobility.
Co-reporter:Yao Li, He Wang, Xuehui Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Xuesong Wang, Danfeng Cao, Zuosen Shi, Donghang Yan and Zhanchen Cui
RSC Advances 2016 vol. 6(Issue 7) pp:5377-5383
Publication Date(Web):21 Dec 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5RA22970G
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and dielectric properties of a novel photosensitive polyurethane dielectric film used in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The novel photosensitive polyurethane dielectric film is readily fabricated by spin coating followed by curing under UV light. The film exhibits excellent insulating properties, smooth surface, and excellent photosensitive properties. The bottom-gate top-contact para-sexiphenyl (p-6P)/vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) OTFTs with photosensitive polyurethane films as the dielectric layer exhibit excellent performance with a mobility of 0.13 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio of 104 and ultralow leakage.
Co-reporter:Ming Li, Su Huang, Xing-Hua Zhou, Yue Zang, Jieyun Wu, Zhanchen Cui, Jingdong Luo and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 26) pp:6737-6744
Publication Date(Web):20 May 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TC01049G
A new design of tethered binary chromophores has been studied for nonlinear optics. In this work, a push–pull tetraene structure with a strong dialkylaminophenyl donor and a CF3-TCF acceptor is used as the primary chromophore due to its large hyperpolarizability, and a short cyanoacetate dye with a smaller dipole moment and a very different molecular aspect ratio is used as a secondary dipolar structure for dipole engineering. We found that such binary chromophore systems (exemplified as chromophore C1) exhibited significantly improved poling efficiency and thermal stability in poled films of guest–host polymers and monolithic glass. A systematic study of materials' physical properties, including analyses of poling-induced order thermally stimulated depolarization and comparison with simple dipolar polyenes, correlates the improved EO performance of poled films containing C1 well with its tethered binary structure. It provides an effective electrostatic screening mechanism for excellent solution processibility of materials, and a cooperative enhancement for higher polar order of poled thin films under the force of the applied poling field. An ultrahigh r33 value of 273 pm V−1 and a high refractive index of 2.12 at the wavelength of 1300 nm have been achieved for monolithic glass of C1, which represents a record-high n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1 with good temporal stability. This exceptional result is a great demonstration of the advantages offered by dynamically assisted dipolar polarization enhancement of tethered binary chromophores, for significantly improving the poling efficiency and thermal stability of organic EO materials for efficient optical modulation.
Co-reporter:Zhang Yingchao, Gong Haihuan, Feng Dan, Fang Tengjiaozi, Cao Danfeng, Shi Zuosen, Zhu Song and Cui Zhanchen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 21) pp:4401-4405
Publication Date(Web):21 Apr 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TB00432B
An elastic layer fabricated by photo-crosslinked polyurethane (PU) is introduced for the first time for dental composite restoration. The introduction of this layer can effectively inhibit water permeation through the dental adhesive layer to the resin composites for its perfect hydrophobic property and its excellent elastic property. The results show that only minimum microleakage was observed in the experimental group (composite restoration with elastic layer), while significant microleakage was observed in the control group. This new concept based on this elastic layer is first presented for the first time in the composite restoration field. This study may shift the future research focus from increasing the mechanical properties of dental resin composites to an alternative solution for limited restoration lifetime based on the use of an elastic layer intermediate between the composite adhesive and the dental tissue.
Co-reporter:Yao Li, He Wang, Zuosen Shi, Jingjing Mei, Xuesong Wang, Donghang Yan and Zhanchen Cui
Polymer Chemistry 2015 vol. 6(Issue 37) pp:6651-6658
Publication Date(Web):28 Jul 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5PY00891C
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and dielectric properties of novel high-k and cross-linked polymer dielectric films used in low-threshold-voltage organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The novel polymer films are readily fabricated by spin coating followed by curing at 160 °C. These films exhibit excellent insulating properties, smooth surface, and high dielectric constants (7.2 and 6.8, respectively). The bottom-gate top-contact para-sexiphenyl (p-6P)/vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) OTFTs with these polymer films as the dielectric layer exhibit excellent performance in terms of threshold voltages (−3 and +3 V, respectively), charge carrier mobilities (0.8 and 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively), on/off current ratio >104, and ultralow leakage.
Co-reporter:Chunyu Zhang, Zhanchen Cui, He Wang, Donghang Yan, Yao Li, Zuosen Shi, Aihua Wu, Zhuo Zhao, Shengji Luan
Organic Electronics 2014 Volume 15(Issue 10) pp:2295-2301
Publication Date(Web):October 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.027
•Polyurethane containing terphenyl groups affording high-mobility organic thin-film transistor.•Polyurethane containing terphenyl groups can be easily fabricated by solution-processing and cured by UV.•Polyurethane containing terphenyl groups can induce crystallization of sexiphenyl.Novel polyurethane containing terphenyl groups were designed and synthesized as gate insulators to induce the crystallization of p-sexiphenyl(p-6P) for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Different sizes and shapes of p-6P grains were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and results showed that the large size of p-6P grain can improve the performance of OTFTs. About 900 nm thick films can be easily fabricated by spin-coating under ambient conditions, followed by curing at UV irradiation for 10 min. OTFTs with this film as gate insulator were found to have good processability, a high charge-carrier mobility of 1.1 cm2/V s, a threshold voltage of −25 V, and an on/off current ratio >105. The result indicated that this material is a promising candidate for the exploration of devices using OTFTs.Graphical abstractNovel polyurethane containing terphenyl groups were designed and synthesized as gate insulators to induce the crystallization of p-sexiphenyl(p-6P) for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Different sizes and shapes of p-6P grains were measured by atomic force microscopy, and results showed that the large size of p-6P grain can improve the performance of OTFTs. About 900 nm thick films can be easily fabricated by spin-coating under ambient conditions, followed by curing at UV irradiation for 10 min. OTFTs with this film as gate insulator were found to have good processability, a high charge-carrier mobility of 1.1 cm2/V s, a threshold voltage of −25 V, and an on/off current ratio >105. The result indicated that this material is a promising candidate for the exploration of devices using OTFTs.
Co-reporter:Huanyang Yu;Zhenzhen Cai;Xianying Liu;Ming Li;Zuosen Shi
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2014 Volume 131( Issue 8) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.40156
ABSTRACT
Crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) beads modified with polar groups for the separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons were successfully prepared. The synthesized beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the crosslinking agents and polar groups on the swelling and selectivity performances toward n-heptane/toluene mixtures were studied. Impressively, the results indicated that the sulfone-modified CPS beads obtained a high toluene selectivity. Further adsorption tests with a variety of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons were carried out at 50°C with initial aromatic concentrations of 13 wt %, and the results showed that the beads had a preferential selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, a higher separation factor of 6.76 for benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. We expect that modified CPS beads will serve as an effective material for the selective separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons in chemical and petrochemical fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40156.
Co-reporter:Shiwei Wang, Lisha Zhao, Zhanchen Cui
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2012 Volume 366(Issue 1) pp:233-235
Publication Date(Web):15 January 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.034
A highly stable second-order nonlinear optical multilayer film was constructed on insulating substrates using the electric-field-induced layer-by-layer assembly technique. The substrates used in this method could be arbitrary. In another, the substrates could be modified with polyanion solution by spin coating as cladding layer. Then, the nonlinear optical multilayer films were assembled on the cladding layer directly by the electric-field-induced layer-by-layer assembly technique. The resulting cross-linked multilayer films fabricated by this method displayed high optical transparency, good thermal stability, and excellent nonlinear optical properties which can be made into waveguide devices directly.Graphical abstractHighlights► NLO film was prepared on nonconductor by electric-field-induced assembly method. ► NLO film was assembled on the cladding layer directly. ► NLO films obtained here have excellent environmental and thermal stability.
Co-reporter:Xiaolong Zhang, Ming Li, Zuosen Shi, Lisha Zhao, Rulong Jin, Maobin Yi, Daming Zhang, Zhanchen Cui
Dyes and Pigments 2012 Volume 92(Issue 3) pp:982-987
Publication Date(Web):March 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.08.021
A series of two-dimensional spindle-type chromophores has been synthesized. The detailed synthetic procedure was reported. The factors that influence the nonlinear optical properties such as the donors and acceptor character have been investigated. The chemical structures of the target products have been confirmed by IR, UV–Vis and NMR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis. The spindle-type chromophores have been used to prepare host-guest doped films which exhibited very good thermal and temporal stability. The nonlinear electro-optical coefficients of the host-guest doped films were measured by the Teng-Man technique and gave values in the range from 21 to 29 pm/V.Highlights► A new series of two-dimensional spindle-type chromophores has been synthesized. ► The factors that influence the nonlinear optical properties such as the donors and acceptor character have been investigated. ► The spindle-type chromophores and Poly (GMA-co-MMA) were used to prepare host-guest doped films. ► The films exhibited good thermal and temporal stability.
Co-reporter:Chunyu Zhang, He Wang, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui, Donghang Yan
Organic Electronics 2012 Volume 13(Issue 12) pp:3302-3309
Publication Date(Web):December 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2012.09.031
A research on the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel cross-linked polymer organic–inorganic hybrid materials as gate insulators for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with vanadyl-phthalocyanine as the organic semiconductor is presented. The hybrid films (0.5–1.2 μm thick) can be easily prepared by sol–gel technology and fabricated by spin-coating a mixture of zirconium n-butoxide sol with a side-chain triethoxysilane-capped polyurethane solution in ambient conditions, followed by curing at low temperatures (∼120 °C) and cross-linking under UV light. OTFTs with this film as gate insulator were achieved with good processability, high charge-carrier mobility of 0.56 cm2/Vs, surface roughness of around 0.49–0.59 nm, ultralow threshold of −6 V, and ultralow leakage of 0.24 mA. Hybrid films with various compositions were investigated, and the results showed that the field-effect mobility of the OTFTs was dominated by the high dielectric constant component ZrO2. The result indicated that these hybrid materials are promising candidates for the exploration of devices using OTFTs.Graphical abstractHighlights► Hybrid materials containing organic component can be fabricated by spin-coating. ► High dielectric constant of hybrid materials can improve the performance of OTFTs. ► Hybrid materials are passivated against common solvents and humidity.
Co-reporter:Lisha Zhao, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui
Materials Letters 2012 Volume 78() pp:78-80
Publication Date(Web):1 July 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2012.03.017
A second-order nonlinear thermoplastic epoxy phenolic resin (NLOPF) was synthesized by phenol, p-Nitoaniline, epoxy chloropropane and formaldehyde. The nonlinear optical (NLO) film was fabricated by spin-coating. Then it was poled in the electric field at room temperature. The orientations of the chromophores were fixed by the thermal-cross-linked structures. The second-order nonlinearity of the films was measured by simple reflection technique. The values of electro-optic coefficient (r33) of the films with different chromophore content were 2.32, 4.53, 6.78, 8.65, 10.42 pm/V, respectively. They were stabilized around 95% of their initial values after 100 h at 80 °C.Highlights► A thermoplastic epoxy phenolic resin for second-order NLO has been synthesized. ► Optical-quality thin films can be obtained by spin casting. ► The film can be effectively poled and exhibits a stable nonlinearity. ► The preparation of the second-order nonlinear material has good practical value.
Co-reporter:Ming Li, Xiaolong Zhang, Zuosen Shi, Ying Wan, Lisha Zhao, Rulong Jin, Yanhao Yu, Maobin Yi, Zhanchen Cui
Optical Materials 2012 Volume 34(Issue 4) pp:705-710
Publication Date(Web):February 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2011.10.007
Two novel two-dimensional spindle-type fluorinated chromophores with fluorinated phenyl as side groups connecting to the π conjugated bridge were prepared for second-order nonlinear optical applications. The detailed synthetic procedure was reported. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the spindle-type fluorinated chromophores have excellent thermal stability. Host–guest doped materials had been used to prepare the second-order nonlinear optical films. The nonlinear electro-optic (EO) coefficient of the poled films was measured by Teng–Man technique at the fundamental wavelength of 1310 nm, and the r33 up to 28 pm/V was achieved.Highlights► Two novel two-dimensional spindle-type fluorinated chromophores were prepared. ► The products had been confirmed by IR, NMR, elemental analysis and TGA. ► Host–guest doped materials had been used to prepare the second-order NLO films. ► The host–guest doped films with 2-D chromophores exhibit large r33 values. ► The NLO-phores we synthesized are interesting for further practical applications.
Co-reporter:Ying Wan, Yang Zhang, Zuosen Shi, Wenhui Xu, Xiaolong Zhang, Lisha Zhao, Zhanchen Cui
Polymer 2012 Volume 53(Issue 4) pp:967-975
Publication Date(Web):17 February 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.021
A bisphenol monomer (4-methoxy) phenylhydroquinone (Me-HQ) was prepared and further polymerized with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodeca-fluoro-1,8-octanediol (12F-diol) and decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP) to obtain highly fluorinated aromatic-aliphatic copolyethers containing methoxy groups. After demethylation and the reaction with epoxy chloropropane, a series of novel highly fluorinated aromatic-aliphatic copolyethers bearing epoxy groups (FA-APE EP) at different feed ratios of (Me-HQ)/(12F-diol) were obtained. The chemical structures of all the copolymers were analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 19F NMR spectra. A series of highly fluorinated photoresists were prepared by composing of fluorinated copolyethers, diphenyliodonium salt as a photoacid generator (PAG) and solvent. After UV-curing, the cross-linked films exhibited excellent chemical resistance and high thermal stability (Td ranged from 230 to 278 °C). The refractive indices of the films could be controlled between 1.5127 and 1.4749 at 1550 nm by varying the feed ratio of comonomers. A clear negative pattern was obtained through direct UV exposure and chemical development. For waveguides without upper cladding, the propagation loss of the channel waveguides was measured to be 0.18 dB/cm at 1550 nm.
Co-reporter:Shiwei Wang;Lisha Zhao;Jie Sun;Daming Zhang
Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2011 Volume 22( Issue 5) pp:759-762
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pat.1534
Abstract
A stable nonlinear optical (NLO) film containing “T” type alkoxysilane dye was prepared by sol–gel technology. This crosslinked “T” type alkoxysilane dye was synthesized and fully characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectra, and 1H-NMR. Followed by hydrolysis and copolymerization processes of the alkoxysilane with γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), high quality inorganic–organic hybrid second-order NLO films were obtained by spin coating. The “T” type structure of the alkoxysilane was found to be effective for improving the temporal stability of the optical nonlinearity due to the reduction in the relaxation of the chromophore in the film materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co-reporter:Xiaolong Zhang;Ming Li;Zuosen Shi;Ying Wan;Lisha Zhao;Rulong Jin;Xibin Wang;Daming Zhang;Maobin Yi
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2011 Volume 212( Issue 9) pp:879-886
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/macp.201000626
Co-reporter:Xiaolong Zhang, Ming Li, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui
Materials Letters 2011 Volume 65(Issue 9) pp:1404-1406
Publication Date(Web):15 May 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2011.02.014
In this paper, functionalized alkoxysilane dye (ICTES-STC) was formed by the reaction of two-dimensional spindle-type chromophores (STC) with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICTES). The transparent films having silica network matrix and covalently bonded chromophores were fabricated via the sol–gel process. From TGA thermogram, the initial decomposition temperature of the hybrid film was determined to be 269 °C. The electro-optic (EO) coefficient (r33) of the poled films was measured to be around 12 pm/V by Teng–Man technique. The thermal stability of the NLO coefficient of the film was investigated by the depoling experiment and temporal decay test, and the result showed that the hybrid film had a good thermal stability, implying its potential applications for EO devices.
Co-reporter:Zuosen Shi, Xiaolong Zhang, Guochun Yang, Zhongmin Su, Zhanchen Cui
Tetrahedron 2011 67(22) pp: 4110-4117
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.108
Co-reporter:Ying Wan;Xu Fei;Zuosen Shi;Juan Hu;Xiaolong Zhang;Lisha Zhao;Changming Chen;Daming Zhang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2011 Volume 49( Issue 3) pp:762-769
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.24489
Abstract
A series of highly fluorinated polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and fluorinated styrene derivate monomer (FSDM). Their chemical structure were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectra. The refractive index and cross-linking density of the polymers can be tuned and controlled by monitoring the feed ratio of comonomers. A series of negative-type low-molecular-weight fluorinated photoresists (NFPs) were prepared by composing of fluorinated polystyrene derivates (FPSDs), diphenyl iodonium salt as a photoacid generator (PAG) and solvent. The polymer films prepared from NFP by photocuring exhibited excellent chemical resistance and thermal stabilities (Td ranged from 230.5 to 258.1 °C). A clear negative pattern was obtained through direct UV exposure and chemical development. For waveguides without upper cladding, the propagation loss of the channel waveguides was measured to be 0.25 dB/cm at 1550 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Co-reporter:Xiaolong Zhang;Ming Li;Zuosen Shi;Rulong Jin;Xibin Wang
Journal of Materials Science 2011 Volume 46( Issue 13) pp:4458-4464
Publication Date(Web):2011 July
DOI:10.1007/s10853-011-5338-6
A new strategy to tackle the orientation-relaxation of the chromophores was developed and used to prepare a film which was consisted of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and photo-cross-linkable polyurethane oligomer (PU). The PU contained spindle-type chromophore and terminated with methacrylolyl groups as cross-linkable group. The chemical reaction process was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the structure of reaction products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. The electro-optic (EO) coefficient of the prepared film was measured by using Teng-Man technique. The cross-linked films containing 15 wt% of the chromophore units displayed a high EO coefficient up to 41 pm/V. The 5% weight loss temperature was 228 °C for the film after photo-cross-linking. Compared with the uncross-linked films, their thermal and temporal stability were greatly improved.
Co-reporter:Shujie Pang, Xianliang Li, Zuosen Shi, Guang Yang, Zhanchen Cui
Materials Letters 2010 Volume 64(Issue 7) pp:846-848
Publication Date(Web):15 April 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2010.01.036
The Er3+–Yb3+ codoped silica/titania core–shell nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide precursors in the presence of lanthanide ions via sol–gel method. The structure of the particles was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of the silica core is about 50 nm. The thickness of the titania shell is about 4 nm. A typical doping density of Er3+ in the titania shell is 4.51 at.%, and the one of Yb3+ is 12.20 at.%. The UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra and the photoluminescence spectra were also investigated.
Co-reporter:Shujie Pang;Xianliang Li;Guang Yang;Zuosen Shi;Ying Wan
Journal of Materials Science 2010 Volume 45( Issue 9) pp:2359-2364
Publication Date(Web):2010 May
DOI:10.1007/s10853-009-4201-5
Here, we report a facile method for the preparation of monodisperse lanthanide-doped titania-coated silica nanoparticles. By hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide precursors in the presence of lanthanide ions, titania coatings have been deposited on the surface of the silica nanoparticles dispersed in the pure ethanol. Lanthanide ions were directly incorporated into the coating during the coating process. For a given ratio of titanium alkoxide to water, the density of the doped ions is determined by the concentration of the lanthanide ions in the reactant mixture. The final particles were nanosized, discrete, and exhibiting luminescence when excited.
Co-reporter:Shiwei Wang;Lisha Zhao;Xiaolong Zhang;Xun Zhang;Zuosen Shi;Xue Chen;Yanqiang Yang
Polymer International 2009 Volume 58( Issue 8) pp:933-938
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pi.2615
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) films have been made using electric field poling polymer and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques with non-centrosymmetric structures that exhibit relatively high values of nonlinear susceptibility (χ2), but the shortcomings of insufficient temporal or mechanical stability have restricted their potential applications. In this study, electric-field-induced layer-by-layer assembly was investigated as an effective technique to prepare low molecular weight chromophoric (LMWC) molecules of high degree of self-ordering and density in NLO films.
RESULTS: A new and stable LMWC molecule, 2-({4-[4-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)-Z-phenylazo]-phenyl}-methylamino)-ethyl acid (DRCB), was first designed and synthesized successfully. The chromophore possesses two negative groups, one at each end, and still retains molecular polarity after ionization. DRCB was successfully assembled with polycationic diazoresin using the electric-field-induced layer-by-layer assembly method to construct stable organic second-order NLO multilayer films. Upon UV irradiation, the interaction between multilayers was converted from an electrostatic interaction to covalent bonds.
CONCLUSION: Due to the DC electric field effect in the assembly process, in addition to introducing the stable chromophore molecule and the covalent crosslinking structure in the films, the second-order NLO films fabricated using the method described have large second harmonic generation response, good thermal stability and excellent chemical stability, which offer potential advantages for device applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Co-reporter:Shiwei Wang, Lisha Zhao, Song Yang, Shujie Pang, Zhanchen Cui
Materials Letters 2009 Volume 63(Issue 2) pp:292-294
Publication Date(Web):31 January 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2008.10.017
A photo-cross-linked stable organic–inorganic hybrid second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) film was fabricated by sol–gel process with silicon sol linking aromatic diazonium group (SOD) and Chromophore molecule 2-({4-[4-(2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-phenylazo]-phenyl}-methyl-amino)-ethyl acid (DRCB). The films were poled under 50 DC voltage electric field at room temperature at the existence of solvents. After the solvents volatilized completely and upon UV irradiation under the electric field, the ionic bonds converted to stable covalent bonds in the system, the orientations of the chromophores were fixed by the photo-cross-linked structures. The order parameter of the fabricated film can retain 99% after 17 days at room temperature. The stable organic–inorganic hybrid photo-cross-linked NLO films fabricated in this paper had large potential to be applied in electric-optic devices.
Co-reporter:Xu Fei;Juan Hu;Haiming Zhang;Pengyu Sha;Jicheng Piao;Daming Zhang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007 Volume 45(Issue 24) pp:5923-5931
Publication Date(Web):2 NOV 2007
DOI:10.1002/pola.22345
A series of novel crosslinkable, highly fluorinated polyesters were synthesized by copolycondensation reactions of terephthaloyl chloride with 4, 4′-(hexafluoroisopropy-lidene)-diphenol and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoro-octane-1,8-diol, followed by reaction with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The resulting polyesters with the molecular weights (Mn: 12,100–20,000 g mol−1) and polydispersities (1.49–2.25) were useful for the fabrication of polymer optical devices because of their good solubility in common organic solvent and the processable flexibility. The ratios of the components of the polyesters were characterized by FTIR and NMR. The polyesters had high glass transition temperature (Tg,: up to 170 °C) and good thermal stabilities (Td: up to 470 °C). The refractive index of the polyester film was tuned and controlled in the range of 1.447–1.576 at 1550 nm by monitoring the component fractions during the preparation procedures. Low-loss optical waveguides were fabricated from the resulting polyesters and the propagation loss of the channel waveguides was measured to be around 0.56 dB/cm at 1550 nm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5923–5931, 2007
Co-reporter:Zhenzhen Cai, Baolong Wang, Yang Zheng, Ming Li, Yao Li, Changming Chen, Daming Zhang, Zhanchen Cui and Zuosen Shi
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 - vol. 4(Issue 3) pp:NaN540-540
Publication Date(Web):2015/12/15
DOI:10.1039/C5TC03657G
A series of novel thermo-optic (TO) polymers (AF-Z-PC EPs) were achieved and they could be mixed with photoinitiator in solvent and to produce the negative-type fluorinated photoresists (NFPRs). TO waveguide switch arrays were fabricated based on the direct UV-written technique using the NFPRs. As the core of waveguide materials, AF-Z-PC EPs were synthesized by solution polymerization with 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene) diphenol (6F-BPA) and bisphenol Z (BPZ) with triphosgene (BTC) and further reacted with epoxy chloropropane. The refractive index of the polymers can be adjusted by controlling the content of BPZ. Through a simple lithography process, the NFPRs can be fabricated as the waveguide easily. The propagation loss of a 4 μm wide straight waveguide was only 0.19 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm. The insertion loss of the device was directly measured to be about 9.0 dB. The rise and fall times of the device applied 200 Hz square-wave voltage were obtained as 1.546 ms and 1.226 ms, respectively. The switching power was about 15.5 mW, and the extinction ratio was 13.0 dB. The low-loss integrated switch arrays are suitable for realizing large-scale photonic integrated circuits.
Co-reporter:Ming Li, Su Huang, Xing-Hua Zhou, Yue Zang, Jieyun Wu, Zhanchen Cui, Jingdong Luo and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 26) pp:NaN6744-6744
Publication Date(Web):2015/05/20
DOI:10.1039/C5TC01049G
A new design of tethered binary chromophores has been studied for nonlinear optics. In this work, a push–pull tetraene structure with a strong dialkylaminophenyl donor and a CF3-TCF acceptor is used as the primary chromophore due to its large hyperpolarizability, and a short cyanoacetate dye with a smaller dipole moment and a very different molecular aspect ratio is used as a secondary dipolar structure for dipole engineering. We found that such binary chromophore systems (exemplified as chromophore C1) exhibited significantly improved poling efficiency and thermal stability in poled films of guest–host polymers and monolithic glass. A systematic study of materials' physical properties, including analyses of poling-induced order thermally stimulated depolarization and comparison with simple dipolar polyenes, correlates the improved EO performance of poled films containing C1 well with its tethered binary structure. It provides an effective electrostatic screening mechanism for excellent solution processibility of materials, and a cooperative enhancement for higher polar order of poled thin films under the force of the applied poling field. An ultrahigh r33 value of 273 pm V−1 and a high refractive index of 2.12 at the wavelength of 1300 nm have been achieved for monolithic glass of C1, which represents a record-high n3r33 figure-of-merit of 2601 pm V−1 with good temporal stability. This exceptional result is a great demonstration of the advantages offered by dynamically assisted dipolar polarization enhancement of tethered binary chromophores, for significantly improving the poling efficiency and thermal stability of organic EO materials for efficient optical modulation.
Co-reporter:Zhang Yingchao, Gong Haihuan, Feng Dan, Fang Tengjiaozi, Cao Danfeng, Shi Zuosen, Zhu Song and Cui Zhanchen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 21) pp:NaN4405-4405
Publication Date(Web):2015/04/21
DOI:10.1039/C5TB00432B
An elastic layer fabricated by photo-crosslinked polyurethane (PU) is introduced for the first time for dental composite restoration. The introduction of this layer can effectively inhibit water permeation through the dental adhesive layer to the resin composites for its perfect hydrophobic property and its excellent elastic property. The results show that only minimum microleakage was observed in the experimental group (composite restoration with elastic layer), while significant microleakage was observed in the control group. This new concept based on this elastic layer is first presented for the first time in the composite restoration field. This study may shift the future research focus from increasing the mechanical properties of dental resin composites to an alternative solution for limited restoration lifetime based on the use of an elastic layer intermediate between the composite adhesive and the dental tissue.
Co-reporter:Ming Li, Hui Zhang, Yan Zhang, Baoshan Hou, Chuangyang Li, Xibin Wang, Ji Zhang, LingHan Xiao, Zhanchen Cui and Yuhui Ao
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 - vol. 4(Issue 38) pp:NaN9102-9102
Publication Date(Web):2016/09/20
DOI:10.1039/C6TC02964G
Novel benzothiadiazole-based second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores with different push–pull structures were developed. Incorporation of benzothiadiazole (BTD) as a bridge for improving the electro-optic (EO) coefficient (r33) of bulky materials has not been well investigated, despite its extensive application in other photonic materials as electron acceptor. NMR and MS have been used to characterize the structure of synthesized chromophores 5–7. Optical properties have been investigated by UV-vis spectra. Density functional theory calculations have been used to calculate the first-order hyperpolarizability (β) of chromophores r1, 5a, 7a and 5b. Moreover, the poling results of guest–host EO polymers, 5a/PC and 5b/PC, afforded good r33 values of 67 pm V−1 and 45 pm V−1, respectively. All the results demonstrated an improvement in both micro- and macroscopic nonlinearity after incorporation of BTD into chromophores.
![Phosphonium, [[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]triphenyl-, iodide](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/35000/34904-03-5.png)
![Phosphonium, [[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]triphenyl-, iodide](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/35000/34904-03-5_b.png)
![[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile,4'-(hydroxymethyl)-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/154500/154493-59-1.png)
![[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile,4'-(hydroxymethyl)-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/154500/154493-59-1_b.png)
![Poly[oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl
idene]-1,4-phenylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/32300/32291-26-2.png)
![Poly[oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenylene[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl
idene]-1,4-phenylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/32300/32291-26-2_b.png)
