Bithienopyrroledione (1,1′-bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,4′,6,6′-tetraone (bi-TPD)) based copolymer P1 was synthesized and characterized. Its phase separation characteristics in a P1/PMMA blend were investigated. It was found that P1 formed microsized fibers in the P1/PMMA blend and dispersed into the whole blend system. Thin film field-effect transistors using P1 films and P1/PMMA blend films as active layers were fabricated. Both devices showed p-type charge carrier transport properties under ambient conditions and ambipolar charge carrier transport behavior in a N2 atmosphere. Under ambient conditions, the P1 film transistors displayed a hole mobility of 0.48 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the blend film devices exhibited comparable performance with a hole mobility of 0.32 cm2 V−1 s−1. In a N2 atmosphere, the performance of the blend film transistors was largely improved compared with that of the P1 film ones. The hole/electron mobilities were 0.10/0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the blend film transistors and 0.02/0.002 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the P1 film devices. All these results demonstrate the potential applications of bi-TPD based polymer semiconductors in high performance blend film transistors.

Donor–acceptor type copolymers have wide applications in organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic devices. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD), as an electron-withdrawing unit, has been widely used in D–A type copolymers recently. Till now, the highest power conversion efficiency and mobility of TPD-based copolymers are over 8% and 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 respectively. In this review, the recent progress of TPD-based copolymers in organic solar cells and organic transistors is summarized.The recent progress of thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based copolymers on organic solar cells and organic field-effect transistors is summarized.Download high-res image (119KB)Download full-size image

The present work disclosed a considerably improved method for the construction of alkyl–aryl ketones by the direct coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with 1.5 equiv. of acids. In addition, the synthesis of aroyl C-glycosides was first achieved by the reductive coupling of 1-glycosyl bromides with acid derivatives, which may otherwise require multi-step synthesis.

The reductive coupling protocol to intramolecular cyclization of dihaloalkanes is presented. It leads to five- and six-membered rings, with the former being more efficient. The incorporation of secondary alkyl halides generally promotes coupling efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first catalytic ring-closure reaction arising from dihaloalkanes under chemical reductive conditions.

The present work disclosed a considerably improved method for the construction of alkyl–aryl ketones by the direct coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with 1.5 equiv. of acids. In addition, the synthesis of aroyl C-glycosides was first achieved by the reductive coupling of 1-glycosyl bromides with acid derivatives, which may otherwise require multi-step synthesis.