Fluorescence enhancement of the fluorescence probe 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonicacid (ANS) in micellar-hybridized supramolecular hydrogels consist of micelles formed by gemini surfactant (GS) and supramolecular hydrogels formed by self-assembly of hydrogelator N,N′-Dibenzoyl-L-cystine (DBC) was investigated by steady state fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence. An optimum ratio of GS/DBC was obtained by maximum fluorescence quantum yield of ANS. The fluorescence images show that ANS were dispersed in the micellar-hybridized supramolecular hydrogels. The fluorescence intensity of ANS in the micellar-hybridized supramolecular hydrogels was significantly increased in comparison with that in corresponding aqueous solutions and DBC hydrogels. SEM images indicated that the microscopic morphology of micellar-hybridized DBC gels possessed a three-dimensional network structure. The results implied that the micellar-hybridized supramolecular hydorgels can form more complex structure compared to hydrogels. It is suggested that the fluorescence of the probe within the hybridized system is a facile and sensitive method to monitor the structure of the micellar-hybridized supramolecular hydrogels.

Bis(4-acylaminophenyl)methane (G1) and bis(4-acylaminophenyl)ether (G2) with varied acyl chains were found to be efficient gelators for the gelation of imidazole-based ionic liquids. The supramolecular gel electrolytes were formed via the self-assembly of these gelators in ionic liquids. The minimum gelator concentrations (MGCs) for the gelation of ionic liquids depend on the chemical structures of the gelators. The longer the acyl chains, the lower the MGCs. Polarized optical microscopy images of the ionic-liquid gels reveal the formation of spherical crystallites resulting from the fibrillar aggregates of the gelators. In addition, the phase transition temperatures of the ionic-liquid gels increase with an increase of the acyl chain length of the gelators. The impedance spectra of the ionic-liquid gels indicate that the temperature dependence of the conductivity follows the classical Arrhenius equation. The conductivities of ionic-liquid gels also decrease with an increase of the acyl chain length, but the differences in conductivities between the gels and corresponding ionic liquids are in one order of magnitude. The ionic-liquid gels possess a stable electrochemical window.

The temperature dependence on the reaction of desulfurization reagent CaCO3 and SO2 in O2/CO2 coal combustion was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction measurement and pore structure analysis. The results show that the conversion of the reaction of CaCO3 and SO2 in air is higher at 500–1 100 °C and lower at 1 200 °C compared with that in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The conversion can be increased by increasing the concentration of SO2, which causes the inhibition of CaSO4 decomposition and shifting of the reaction equilibrium toward the products. XRD analysis of the product shows that the reaction mechanism of CaCO3 and SO2 differs with temperature in O2/CO2 atmosphere, i.e. CaCO3 directly reacts with SO2 at 500 °C and CaO from CaCO3 decomposition reacts with SO2 at 1 000 °C. The pore analysis of the products indicates that the maximum specific surface area of the products accounts for the highest conversion at 1 100 °C in O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results reveal that the effect of the atmosphere on the conversion is temperature dependence.