Co-reporter:Irene Arrata;Anna Barnard;Darren C. Tomlinson
Chemical Communications 2017 vol. 53(Issue 19) pp:2834-2837
Publication Date(Web):2017/03/02
DOI:10.1039/C6CC09395G
Selection methods are used to identify Affimers that recognise α-helix mimicking N-alkylated aromatic oligoamides thus demonstrating foldamer and natural α-amino acid codes are compatible.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem;Hannah F. Kyle;Adam Nelson;Thomas A. Edwards
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 vol. 8(Issue 7) pp:5214-5215
Publication Date(Web):2017/06/26
DOI:10.1039/C7SC90030A
Correction for ‘Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as a model for studying inhibition of protein–protein interactions’ by George M. Burslem et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00388a.
Co-reporter:Claire M. Grison;George M. Burslem;Jennifer A. Miles;Ludwig K. A. Pilsl;David J. Yeo;Zeynab Imani;Stuart L. Warriner;Michael E. Webb
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 vol. 8(Issue 7) pp:5166-5171
Publication Date(Web):2017/06/26
DOI:10.1039/C7SC01342F
The development of constrained peptides for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is an emerging strategy in chemical biology and drug discovery. This manuscript introduces a versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation using BID and RNase S peptides as models. Dibromomaleimide is used to constrain BID and RNase S peptide sequence variants bearing cysteine (Cys) or homocysteine (hCys) amino acids spaced at i and i + 4 positions by double substitution. The constraint can be readily removed by displacement of the maleimide using excess thiol. This new constraining methodology results in enhanced α-helical conformation (BID and RNase S peptide) as demonstrated by circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulations, resistance to proteolysis (BID) as demonstrated by trypsin proteolysis experiments and retained or enhanced potency of inhibition for Bcl-2 family protein–protein interactions (BID), or greater capability to restore the hydrolytic activity of the RNAse S protein (RNase S peptide). Finally, use of a dibromomaleimide functionalized with an alkyne permits further divergent functionalization through alkyne–azide cycloaddition chemistry on the constrained peptide with fluorescein, oligoethylene glycol or biotin groups to facilitate biophysical and cellular analyses. Hence this methodology may extend the scope and accessibility of peptide stapling.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem;Hannah F. Kyle;Adam Nelson;Thomas A. Edwards
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 vol. 8(Issue 6) pp:4188-4202
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/30
DOI:10.1039/C7SC00388A
The modulation of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) represents a major challenge in modern chemical biology. Current approaches (e.g. high-throughput screening, computer aided ligand design) are recognised as having limitations in terms of identification of hit matter. Considerable success has been achieved in terms of developing new approaches to PPI modulator discovery using the p53/hDM2 and Bcl-2 family of PPIs. However these important targets in oncology might be considered as “low-hanging-fruit”. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an emerging, but not yet fully validated target for cancer chemotherapy. Its role is to regulate the hypoxic response and it does so through a plethora of protein–protein interactions of varying topology, topography and complexity: its modulation represents an attractive approach to prevent development of new vasculature by hypoxic tumours.
Co-reporter:Sarah H. Hewitt
Chemical Communications 2017 vol. 53(Issue 91) pp:12278-12281
Publication Date(Web):2017/11/14
DOI:10.1039/C7CC06175G
Ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) protein surface mimetics are used in an array format to sense and discriminate proteins including therapeutically relevant targets, hDM2 and MCL-1, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
Co-reporter:Jennifer A. Miles, David J. Yeo, Philip Rowell, Silvia Rodriguez-Marin, Christopher M. Pask, Stuart L. Warriner, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science 2016 vol. 7(Issue 6) pp:3694-3702
Publication Date(Web):29 Feb 2016
DOI:10.1039/C5SC04048E
The development of constrained peptides represents an emerging strategy to generate peptide based probes and hits for drug-discovery that address challenging protein–protein interactions (PPIs). In this manuscript we report on the use of a novel α-alkenylglycine derived amino acid to synthesise hydrocarbon constrained BH3-family sequences (BIM and BID). Our biophysical and structural analyses illustrate that whilst the introduction of the constraint increases the population of the bioactive α-helical conformation of the peptide in solution, it does not enhance the inhibitory potency against pro-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 PPIs. SPR analyses indicate binding occurs via an induced fit mechanism whilst X-ray analyses illustrate none of the key interactions between the helix and protein are disturbed. The behaviour derives from enthalpy–entropy compensation which may be considered in terms of the ground state energies of the unbound constrained and unconstrained peptides; this has implications for the design of preorganised peptides to target protein–protein interactions.
Co-reporter:Sarah H. Hewitt and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2016 vol. 52(Issue 63) pp:9745-9756
Publication Date(Web):29 Jun 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CC03457H
A key challenge in chemical biology is to identify small molecule regulators for every single protein. However, protein surfaces are notoriously difficult to recognise with synthetic molecules, often having large flat surfaces that are poorly matched to traditional small molecules. In the surface mimetic approach, a supramolecular scaffold is used to project recognition groups in such a manner as to make multivalent non-covalent contacts over a large area of protein surface. Metal based supramolecular scaffolds offer unique advantages over conventional organic molecules for protein binding, including greater stereochemical and geometrical diversity conferred through the metal centre and the potential for direct assessment of binding properties and even visualisation in cells without recourse to further functionalisation. This feature article will highlight the current state of the art in protein surface recognition using metal complexes as surface mimetics.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem, Hannah F. Kyle, Alexander L. Breeze, Thomas A. Edwards, Adam Nelson, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2016 vol. 52(Issue 31) pp:5421-5424
Publication Date(Web):24 Mar 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CC01812B
Using the HIF-1α transcription factor as a model, this manuscript illustrates how an extended sequence of α-amino acids in a polypeptide can be replaced with a non-natural topographical mimic of an α-helix comprised from an aromatic oligoamide. The resultant hybrid is capable of reproducing the molecular recognition profile of the p300 binding sequence of HIF-1α from which it is derived.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem, Hannah F. Kyle, Panchami Prabhakaran, Alexander L. Breeze, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner, Adam Nelson and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2016 vol. 14(Issue 15) pp:3782-3786
Publication Date(Web):14 Mar 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6OB00078A
α-Helix proteomimetics represent an emerging class of ligands that can be used to inhibit an array of helix mediated protein–protein interactions. Within this class of inhibitor, aromatic oligobenzamide foldamers have been widely and successfully used. This manuscript describes alternative syntheses of these compounds that can be used to access mimetics that are challenging to synthesize using previously described methodologies, permitting access to compounds functionalized with multiple sensitive side chains and accelerated library assembly through late stage derivatisation.
Co-reporter:Dr. Valeria Azzarito;Philip Rowell;Dr. Anna Barnard;Dr. Thomas A. Edwards;Dr. Andrew Macdonald;Dr. Stuart L. Warriner; Andrew J. Wilson
ChemBioChem 2016 Volume 17( Issue 8) pp:768-773
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/cbic.201500504
Abstract
α-Helix-mediated protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are important targets for small-molecule inhibition; however, generic approaches to inhibitor design are in their infancy and would benefit from QSAR analyses to rationalise the noncovalent basis of molecular recognition by designed ligands. Using a helix mimetic based on an oligoamide scaffold, we have exploited the power of a modular synthesis to access compounds that can readily be used to understand the noncovalent determinants of hDM2 recognition by this series of cell-active p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
Co-reporter: Andrew J. Wilson;Dr. Patrick T. Gunning
ChemBioChem 2016 Volume 17( Issue 8) pp:644-645
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/cbic.201600166
Abstract
This is the first of a two-part Editorial by the Guest Editors of the ChemBioChem and ChemMedChem joint Special Issue on Protein–Protein Interactions. Part 2 can be accessed via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201600158; the complete issue can be viewed here: bit.ly/cbcVIppi.
Co-reporter: Andrew J. Wilson; Patrick T. Gunning
ChemMedChem 2016 Volume 11( Issue 8) pp:732-733
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201600158
Co-reporter:Kelly. A. Houton, George M. Burslem and Andrew. J. Wilson
Chemical Science 2015 vol. 6(Issue 4) pp:2382-2388
Publication Date(Web):03 Feb 2015
DOI:10.1039/C4SC03804E
In this work we describe the solvent free synthesis of supramolecular polyurethanes held together by heterocomplementary triple hydrogen bonding. We perform a systematic evaluation on the base catalyzed synthesis of small molecule ureas and carbamates from a range of isocyanates, amines and alcohols in solution and in the solid state using ball milling. These optimized procedures are then shown to be applicable to the synthesis of supramolecular polyurethanes using solvent-free methods.
Co-reporter:Valeria Azzarito, Jennifer A. Miles, Julie Fisher, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science 2015 vol. 6(Issue 4) pp:2434-2443
Publication Date(Web):30 Jan 2015
DOI:10.1039/C4SC03559C
The development of foldamers capable of selective molecular recognition of solvent exposed protein surfaces represents an outstanding challenge in supramolecular chemical biology. Here we introduce an oligoamide foldamer with well-defined conformation that bears all the hallmarks of an information rich oligomer. Specifically, the foldamer recognizes its target protein hDM2 leading to inhibition of its protein–protein interaction with p53 in a manner that depends upon the composition, spatial projection and stereochemistry of functional groups appended to the scaffold. Most significantly, selective inhibition of p53/hDM2 can be achieved against four other targets and the selectivity for p53/hDM2 inhibition versus Mcl-1/NOXA-B inhibition is critically dependent upon the stereochemistry of the helix mimetic.
Co-reporter:Anna Barnard, Jennifer A. Miles, George M. Burslem, Amy M. Barker and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2015 vol. 13(Issue 1) pp:258-264
Publication Date(Web):2014/11/05
DOI:10.1039/C4OB02066A
The exploitation of multivalent ligands for the inhibition of protein–protein interactions has not yet been explored as a supramolecular design strategy. This is despite the fact that protein–protein interactions typically occur within the context of multi-protein complexes and frequently exploit avidity effects or co-operative binding interactions to achieve high affinity interactions. In this paper we describe preliminary studies on the use of a multivalent N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide helix mimetic for inhibition of p53/hDM2 and establish that protein dimerisation is promoted, rather than enhanced binding resulting from a higher effective concentration of the ligand.
Co-reporter:Kelly A Houton;Andrew J Wilson
Polymer International 2015 Volume 64( Issue 2) pp:165-173
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pi.4837
Abstract
As a class of materials, supramolecular polymers represent an exciting area of advanced materials research. The combination of unique properties, easy synthesis and response to the environment or external and temporal stimuli makes them important as a focus for the next generation of materials. Understanding and manipulating the non-covalent interactions leading to polymer assembly allows control over properties by selecting specific building blocks with well-understood non-covalent chemistry from an established toolkit. This allows assembly of defined and easily manipulated architectures, where physical characteristics similar to conventional high-molecular-weight polymers can be realized. Herein, we describe recent studies of the self-assembly of polyurethane-based supramolecular materials. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Co-reporter:George W. Preston, Sheena E. Radford, Alison. E. Ashcroft, and Andrew J. Wilson
ACS Chemical Biology 2014 Volume 9(Issue 3) pp:761
Publication Date(Web):December 30, 2013
DOI:10.1021/cb400731s
Photoinduced cross-linking (PIC) has become a powerful tool in chemical biology for the identification and mapping of stable or transient interactions between biomacromolecules and their (unknown) ligands. However, the value of PIC for in vitro and in vivo structural proteomics can be realized only if cross-linking reports accurately on biomacromolecule secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures with residue-specific resolution. Progress in this area requires rigorous and comparative studies of PIC reagents, but despite widespread use of PIC, these have rarely been performed. The use of PIC to report reliably on noncovalent structure is therefore limited, and its potentials have yet to be fully realized. In the present study, we compared the abilities of three probes, phenyl trifluoromethyldiazirine (TFMD), benzophenone (BP), and phenylazide (PA), to record structural information within a biomolecular complex. For this purpose, we employed a self-assembled amyloid-like peptide nanostructure as a tightly and specifically packed model environment in which to photolyze the reagents. Information about PIC products was gathered using mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry, and the data were interpreted using a mechanism-oriented approach. While all three PIC groups appeared to generate information within the packed peptide environment, the data highlight technical limitations of BP and PA. On the other hand, TFMD displayed accuracy and generated straightforward results. Thus TFMD, with its robust and rapid photochemistry, was shown to be an ideal probe for cross-linking of peptide nanostructures. The implications of our findings for detailed analyses of complex systems, including those that are transiently populated, are discussed.
Co-reporter:Anna Barnard, Kérya Long, David J. Yeo, Jennifer A. Miles, Valeria Azzarito, George M. Burslem, Panchami Prabhakaran, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2014 vol. 12(Issue 35) pp:6794-6799
Publication Date(Web):28 Jul 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4OB00915K
α-Helix mediated protein–protein interactions are of major therapeutic importance. As such, the design of inhibitors of this class of interaction is of significant interest. We present methodology to modify N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide α-helix mimetics using ‘click’ chemistry. The effect is shown to modulate the binding properties of a series of selective p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
Co-reporter:George W. Preston and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Society Reviews 2013 vol. 42(Issue 8) pp:3289-3301
Publication Date(Web):11 Feb 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3CS35459H
Photo-induced cross-linking (PIC) is a powerful strategy for generating information on biomolecular interactions. In PIC, the utility of traditional cross-linking methods is supplemented by the temporal control of photo-activation, enabling the study of non-covalent kinetic intermediates and heterogeneous mixtures. This tutorial review will introduce the photochemistry of activation, reactive intermediates, methods for the functionalisation of biomolecules and the installation of additional functionalities (e.g., affinity tags). In doing so, we shall illustrate the wealth of data that can be obtained using this approach, ranging from the identification of interacting partners and structural data to temporal information. Alongside a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, their applicability to different types of biological system will be described.
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro, Kelly A. Houton and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science 2013 vol. 4(Issue 4) pp:1825-1829
Publication Date(Web):11 Feb 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3SC22194F
A series of hydrogen-bonding motifs are shown to be capable of both high-fidelity and promiscuous molecular recognition behaviour. This gives rise to self-sorting and therefore well defined product distributions for up to four sequential phases of building block composition. Inclusion of a hydrogen-bonding motif that becomes capable of molecular recognition only upon photo-cleavage, extends the number of phases in the cascade to five. This supramolecular system thus reproduces multiple features of biological signalling cascades including the ability to switch between successive states comprising multiple well-defined complexes and triggered modification of molecular recognition preferences.
Co-reporter:David J. Yeo, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2013 vol. 49(Issue 80) pp:9131-9133
Publication Date(Web):04 Sep 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3CC45231J
Alkenylglycine amino acids were assessed as potential candidates for hydrocarbon stapling and shown to be effective in stapling of the BID BH3 peptide.
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson, James R. Ault, Maria H. Filby, Hazel I. A. Philips, Alison E. Ashcroft and Nicholas C. Fletcher
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2013 vol. 11(Issue 13) pp:2206-2212
Publication Date(Web):30 Jan 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3OB26251K
Highly functionalised ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine receptor 1 which acts as a selective sensor for equine cytochrome c (cyt c) is shown to destabilise the native protein conformation by around 25 °C. Receptors 2 and 3 do not exert this effect confirming the behaviour is a specific effect of molecular recognition between 1 and cyt c, whilst the absence of a destabilising effect on 60% acetylated cyt c demonstrates the behaviour of 1 to be protein specific. Molecular recognition also modifies the conformational properties of the target protein at room temperature as evidenced by ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and accelerated trypsin proteolysis.
Co-reporter:Kérya Long, Thomas A. Edwards, Andrew J. Wilson
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2013 Volume 21(Issue 14) pp:4034-4040
Publication Date(Web):15 July 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.053
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) mediate cellular pathways and are implicated in numerous aberrant conditions. α-Helix mimetics—small molecules that reproduce the spatial projection of key residues from an α-helix involved in a PPI—are attractive generic templates for development of screening libraries, however library syntheses of α-helix mimetics with diverse functionality are less established. This manuscript describes the automated, microwave assisted solid phase synthesis based on one such scaffold; an N-alkylated oligobenzamide.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro, Julie Fisher and Andrew J. Wilson
RSC Advances 2013 vol. 3(Issue 9) pp:3103-3108
Publication Date(Web):25 Jan 2013
DOI:10.1039/C2RA22715K
Hydrogen-bond assembled supramolecular polymers receive enormous interest as stimuli responsive materials that can be obtained using small easy to purify organic molecules. A key feature that determines materials properties in dilute solution is the strength of interaction between supramolecular synthons. In this work we illustrate that electronic substituents which are conjugated to the hydrogen-bonding motif can have subtle but significant effects on the degree of supramolecular polymerisation. Using ureidopyrimidines which contain electron donating phenolate and benzoate ester linkages in direct electronic communication with the self-complementary hydrogen-bonding motif, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) demonstrates predictable differences in the extent of supramolecular polymerisation.
Co-reporter:Panchami Prabhakaran;Anna Barnard;Natasha S. Murphy;Colin A. Kilner;Thomas A. Edwards
European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2013 Volume 2013( Issue 17) pp:3504-3512
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201300069
Abstract
This paper describes the design, synthesis and structural analysis of a 3-O-alkylated aromatic oligoamide that incorporates an additional hydrophilic 6-O-alkyl substituent in the central monomer. This oligomer exhibits low μM inhibitory potency against the p53–hDM2 interaction compared with its unfunctionalised counterpart and significantly improved solubility.
Co-reporter:Natasha S. Murphy;Dr. Panchami Prabhakaran;Valeria Azzarito;Dr. Jeffrey P. Plante; Michaele J. Hardie;Colin A. Kilner;Dr. Stuart L. Warriner; Andrew J. Wilson
Chemistry - A European Journal 2013 Volume 19( Issue 18) pp:5546-5550
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201204098
Co-reporter:Adam Gooch, Natasha S. Murphy, Neil H. Thomson, and Andrew J. Wilson
Macromolecules 2013 Volume 46(Issue 24) pp:9634-9641
Publication Date(Web):December 11, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ma402069b
Derivatives of thymine have been extensively used to promote supramolecular materials assembly. Such derivatives can be synthetically challenging to access and may be susceptible to degradation. The current article uses a conformer-independent acceptor–donor–acceptor array (ureidopyrimidine) which forms moderate affinity interactions with diamidopyridine derivatives to effect supramolecular blend formation between polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers obtained by RAFT which have been functionalized with the hydrogen bonding motifs.
Co-reporter:George W. Preston, Sheena E. Radford, Alison E. Ashcroft, and Andrew J. Wilson
Analytical Chemistry 2012 Volume 84(Issue 15) pp:6790
Publication Date(Web):June 29, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ac301198c
β-Sheet peptide nanostructures (e.g., amyloid fibrils) are recognized as important entities in biological systems and as functional materials in their own right. Their unique physical properties and architectural complexity, however, present a challenge for structure determination at atomic resolution. Covalent cross-linking and mass spectrometry are appealing methods for this endeavor because, potentially, a large amount of information can be extracted from a small sample in a single experiment. Previously, we described preliminary studies on the use of a photoreactive diazirine-containing amino acid to cross-link peptide monomers in nanostructures, together with the integrated separation and analysis of the products using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to conventional mass spectrometry. Here, a pH-switchable system (Aβ16–22, a sequence from the amyloid-β peptide) was used to examine cross-linking chemistry in morphologically distinct supramolecular structures containing, or entirely composed of, diazirine-functionalized peptides. We examine the relationship between cross-linker chemistry, covalent cross-links (identified using chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry), and noncovalent structure, and report differences in the site of cross-linking that can only be explained by supramolecular templating. The results demonstrate the applicability of the approach for obtaining structural restraints in ordered supramolecular assemblies, provided that a considered evaluation of the cross-linked products is undertaken.
Co-reporter:Valeria Azzarito, Panchami Prabhakaran, Alice I. Bartlett, Natasha S. Murphy, Michaele J. Hardie, Colin A. Kilner, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2012 vol. 10(Issue 32) pp:6469-6472
Publication Date(Web):04 Jul 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2OB26262B
The design and synthesis of a new 2-O-alklyated benzamide α-helix mimetic is described. Comparison with regioisomeric 3-O-alkylated benzamides permits a preliminary evaluation of the role that mimetic curvature has in determining molecular recognition properties.
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro, Simon A. Barrett, Julie Fisher and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2012 vol. 10(Issue 25) pp:4899-4906
Publication Date(Web):01 May 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2OB25333J
The design and synthesis of a novel ADDA hydrogen-bond array is described. The ureidodiimidazole motif (UDIM) 2 engages in interactions with complementary diamidonaphthyridine (DAN) 3 motifs with an association constant Ka = 825 ± 16 M−1 in chloroform. 1H NMR and molecular modelling studies were carried out in order to explain the unexpected behaviour of this new supramolecular motif. These revealed that a combination of effects including; an energetic bias for the folded conformer, subtle differences in shape complementarity between the two components and the potential for self-association of UDIM 2 disfavour higher affinity interactions between the two components.
Co-reporter:Susan J. Turrell, Maria H. Filby, Adrian Whitehouse, Andrew J. Wilson
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2012 Volume 22(Issue 2) pp:985-988
Publication Date(Web):15 January 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.007
This manuscript describes cell-uptake studies with HEK 293T cells on a series of ruthenium complexes shown previously to act as receptors for protein surface recognition and was motivated by a desire to establish if these receptors represent suitable templates for further elaboration as inhibitors of protein–protein interactions. The results illustrate that large (>3000 Da) highly functionalized anionic ruthenium complexes are efficiently transfected via endocytosis to lysosomes with negligible toxicity.
Co-reporter:Panchami Prabhakaran, Valeria Azzarito, Tia Jacobs, Michaele J. Hardie, Colin A. Kilner, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner, Andrew J. Wilson
Tetrahedron 2012 68(23) pp: 4485-4491
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.078
Co-reporter:Adam Gooch, Chinemelum Nedolisa, Kelly A. Houton, Christopher I. Lindsay, Alberto Saiani, and Andrew J. Wilson
Macromolecules 2012 Volume 45(Issue 11) pp:4723-4729
Publication Date(Web):May 16, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ma3001109
This article describes the synthesis and surpamolecular assembly of polyurethane-based elastomers. Triple hydrogen bonding between novel amidoisocytosine (AIC) and ureidoimidazole (UIM) motifs is used to promote assembly of the material. The material comprises an amorphous phase derived from a telechelic diol and a hard crystalline phase that comprises the supramolecular end groups. The use of a heterocomplementary hydrogen bonding interaction results in two unique features: (1) assembly of the elastomer occurs only in the presence of both components, and (2) different feed ratios used during synthesis allow the materials properties to be tuned as the stoichiometries of the components found in the amorphous and crystalline phases of the material are varied. The approach hence offers supramolecular control over materials properties and results in materials that can be melted and therefore processed at lower temperature compared to standard covalent elastomers.
Co-reporter:Adam Gooch, Andrea M. McGhee, Maria L. Pellizzaro, Christopher I. Lindsay, and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic Letters 2011 Volume 13(Issue 2) pp:240-243
Publication Date(Web):December 14, 2010
DOI:10.1021/ol102619u
Linear arrays of hydrogen bonds represent important elements of the supramolecular toolkit for receptor design, assembly of supramolecular polymers, and other well-defined supramolecular structures. It is illustrated that remote substituent effects control dimerization affinity in a predictable manner using a conformer independent ureidoimidazole DDA motif and its amidoisocytosine based AAD partner.
Co-reporter:Adam Gooch, Simon Barrett, Julie Fisher, Christopher I. Lindsay and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2011 vol. 9(Issue 17) pp:5938-5940
Publication Date(Web):22 Jun 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1OB05593C
The synthesis and self-assembly of a stable hydrogen-bonded heterodimer comprising ditopic ureidoimidazole and amidoisocytosine motifs is described. The heterodimer appears to exhibit high stability in deuterochloroform as evidenced by 1H NMR, DOSY and 1H-1H ROESY.
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro;Dr. Andrea M. McGhee;Lisa C. Renton;Dr. Michael G. Nix;Dr. Julie Fisher;Dr. W. Bruce Turnbull;Dr. Andrew J. Wilson
Chemistry - A European Journal 2011 Volume 17( Issue 51) pp:14508-14517
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201102128
Abstract
Linear arrays of hydrogen bonds are useful for the reversible assembly of “stimuli-responsive” supramolecular materials. There is thus an ongoing requirement for easy-to-synthesise motifs that are capable of presenting hydrogen-bonding functionality in a predictable manner, such that high-affinity and high-fidelity recognition occurs. The design of linear arrays is made challenging as a consequence of their ability to adopt multiple conformational and tautomeric configurations; with each additional hydrogen-bonding heteroatom added to an array, the available tautomeric and conformational space increases and it can be difficult to anticipate where unproductive conformers/tautomers will arise. This paper describes a detailed study on the complementary ureidoimidazole donor–donor–acceptor (DDA) array (1) and amidoisocytosine donor–acceptor–acceptor (DAA) array (2). A specific feature of 1 is that two degenerate, intramolecular hydrogen-bonded conformations are postulated, both of which present a DDA array that is complementary to appropriate DAA partners. 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and ab initio structure calculations confirm 1 interacts with 2 (Ka≈33000 M−1 in CDCl3) in a conformer-independent fashion driven by enthalpy. Comparison of the binding behaviour of 1 with hexylamidocytosine (4) and amidonaphthyridine (5) provides insight on the role that intramolecular hydrogen-bonding plays in mediating affinity towards DAA partners.
Co-reporter:Thomas A. Edwards
Amino Acids 2011 Volume 41( Issue 3) pp:743-754
Publication Date(Web):2011 August
DOI:10.1007/s00726-011-0880-8
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a central role in virtually all biological processes and have been the focus of intense investigation from structural molecular biology to cell biology for the majority of the last two decades and, more recently, are emerging as important targets for pharmaceutical intervention. A common motif found at the interface of PPIs is the α-helix, suggesting that, in the same way as the “lock and key” model has evolved for competitive inhibition of enzymes, it should be possible to elaborate “rule-based” approaches for inhibition of helix-mediated PPIs. This review will describe the biological function and structural features of a series of representative helix-mediated PPIs and discuss approaches that are being developed to target these interactions with small molecules that employ non-natural amino acids.
Co-reporter:Frederick Campbell, Jeffrey P. Plante, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2010 vol. 8(Issue 10) pp:2344-2351
Publication Date(Web):18 Mar 2010
DOI:10.1039/C001164A
Generic approaches for the design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) represent a key objective in modern chemical biology. Within this context, the α-helix mediated PPIs have received considerable attention as targets for inhibition using small molecules, foldamers and proteomimetics. This manuscript describes a novel N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide proteomimetic scaffold and its solid-phase synthesis—the first time such an approach has been used for proteomimetics. The utility of these scaffolds as proteomimetics is exemplified through the identification of potent μM inhibitors of the p53–hDM2 helix mediated PPI—a key oncogenic target.
Co-reporter:Fred Campbell, Colin A. Kilner, Andrew J. Wilson
Tetrahedron Letters 2010 Volume 51(Issue 10) pp:1361-1363
Publication Date(Web):10 March 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.137
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Society Reviews 2009 vol. 38(Issue 12) pp:3289-3300
Publication Date(Web):27 Jul 2009
DOI:10.1039/B807197G
Although many cellular processes depend upon enzymatic reactions, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a large number of important regulatory pathways and thus play a central role in disease development. In order to understand and selectively inhibit cellular signalling pathways, there is a pressing need for small molecules that target PPIs, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical development. This tutorial review will introduce the relevance of PPIs to chemical biology and highlight the key challenges in designing inhibitors. Some of the successes using conventional approaches to the identification of small-molecule PPI inhibitors will be highlighted, and also the reasons why these approaches have not always proven successful. Several general approaches tailored to particular protein topologies are emerging for the design of scaffolds that inhibit PPIs—these will form the major content of this review. Finally a summary of the challenges to be faced in developing inhibitors of PPIs into drug leads and how these challenges may differ from those encountered with enzyme-like targets will be given.
Co-reporter:Jeffrey P. Plante, Thomas Burnley, Barbora Malkova, Michael E. Webb, Stuart L. Warriner, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2009 (Issue 34) pp:5091-5093
Publication Date(Web):24 Jun 2009
DOI:10.1039/B908207G
Oligobenzamide inhibitors of the p53–hDM2 protein–protein interaction are described.
Co-reporter:Fred Campbell, Andrew J. Wilson
Tetrahedron Letters 2009 50(19) pp: 2236-2238
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.186
Co-reporter:Andrea M. McGhee, Colin Kilner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2008 (Issue 3) pp:344-346
Publication Date(Web):29 Oct 2007
DOI:10.1039/B712603D
5-Membered heterocycles are employed to give a conformer independent DDA array of hydrogen bonds, resulting in enhanced binding affinity to a complementary AAD array in comparison to a DDA array employing a 6-membered ring.
Co-reporter:Jeffrey Plante, Fred Campbell, Barbora Malkova, Colin Kilner, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2008 vol. 6(Issue 1) pp:138-146
Publication Date(Web):07 Nov 2007
DOI:10.1039/B712606A
A current goal in synthetic chemistry is the design and synthesis of molecules that adopt well defined conformations—so called foldamers. In this manuscript we describe a modular approach for construction of rod shaped para-oligobenzamide molecules. Our approach permits regiospecific incorporation of side chains through a phenolic ether linkage on the scaffold; a feature that partly restricts the conformation of the rod through intramolecular hydrogen-bonding.
Co-reporter:Fred Campbell, Jeffrey Plante, Christopher Carruthers, Michaele J. Hardie, Timothy J. Prior and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2007 (Issue 22) pp:2240-2242
Publication Date(Web):08 May 2007
DOI:10.1039/B704366J
The regiospecific synthesis of C3 macrocyclic scaffolds possessing multiple different functional groups is described.
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson
Soft Matter 2007 vol. 3(Issue 4) pp:409-425
Publication Date(Web):02 Jan 2007
DOI:10.1039/B612566B
Hydrogen-bond-mediated non-covalent polymer synthesis is an emerging area that presents new opportunities for the design of stimuli-responsive materials. Central to this is the ready availability of appropriate building blocks with which to link monomers together. This review discusses recent developments in the design, synthesis and use of arrays of hydrogen-bonds as supramolecular linking units.
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology (October 2015) Volume 119(Issue 1) pp:33-40
Publication Date(Web):1 October 2015
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.05.001
The development of protein–protein interaction (PPIs) inhibitors represents a challenging goal in chemical biology and drug discovery. PPIs are problematic targets because they involve large surfaces with less well defined features and recognition motifs that are less amenable to conventional experimental and computational ligand discovery methodologies. α-Helix mediated PPIs represent a sub group with a clearly defined interface and thus may be more amenable to the development of generic ligand discovery methods. Indeed, this is borne out in numerous studies using peptides covalently constrained into a helical conformation resulting in improvement of myriad biophysical and cellular properties. It is however desirable to have small molecule alternatives: a helix mimetic (proteomimetic) is a generic small molecule scaffold that projects functional groups in a similar spatial orientation so as to mimic the presentation of key amino acid side chains from the helix that mediates the PPI. The first true example of a helix mimetic was described over a decade ago however this approach has not yet been elaborated to the extent that it receives similar levels of attention to constrained peptides. This review explores recent significant developments in the area of small molecule α-helix mimetics and provides a critical overview of success stories, potential limitations of the approach, and areas for future development.
Co-reporter:Anna Barnard, Jennifer A. Miles, George M. Burslem, Amy M. Barker and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2015 - vol. 13(Issue 1) pp:NaN264-264
Publication Date(Web):2014/11/05
DOI:10.1039/C4OB02066A
The exploitation of multivalent ligands for the inhibition of protein–protein interactions has not yet been explored as a supramolecular design strategy. This is despite the fact that protein–protein interactions typically occur within the context of multi-protein complexes and frequently exploit avidity effects or co-operative binding interactions to achieve high affinity interactions. In this paper we describe preliminary studies on the use of a multivalent N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide helix mimetic for inhibition of p53/hDM2 and establish that protein dimerisation is promoted, rather than enhanced binding resulting from a higher effective concentration of the ligand.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem, Hannah F. Kyle, Panchami Prabhakaran, Alexander L. Breeze, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner, Adam Nelson and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2016 - vol. 14(Issue 15) pp:NaN3786-3786
Publication Date(Web):2016/03/14
DOI:10.1039/C6OB00078A
α-Helix proteomimetics represent an emerging class of ligands that can be used to inhibit an array of helix mediated protein–protein interactions. Within this class of inhibitor, aromatic oligobenzamide foldamers have been widely and successfully used. This manuscript describes alternative syntheses of these compounds that can be used to access mimetics that are challenging to synthesize using previously described methodologies, permitting access to compounds functionalized with multiple sensitive side chains and accelerated library assembly through late stage derivatisation.
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro, Simon A. Barrett, Julie Fisher and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2012 - vol. 10(Issue 25) pp:NaN4906-4906
Publication Date(Web):2012/05/01
DOI:10.1039/C2OB25333J
The design and synthesis of a novel ADDA hydrogen-bond array is described. The ureidodiimidazole motif (UDIM) 2 engages in interactions with complementary diamidonaphthyridine (DAN) 3 motifs with an association constant Ka = 825 ± 16 M−1 in chloroform. 1H NMR and molecular modelling studies were carried out in order to explain the unexpected behaviour of this new supramolecular motif. These revealed that a combination of effects including; an energetic bias for the folded conformer, subtle differences in shape complementarity between the two components and the potential for self-association of UDIM 2 disfavour higher affinity interactions between the two components.
Co-reporter:Sarah H. Hewitt and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 63) pp:NaN9756-9756
Publication Date(Web):2016/06/29
DOI:10.1039/C6CC03457H
A key challenge in chemical biology is to identify small molecule regulators for every single protein. However, protein surfaces are notoriously difficult to recognise with synthetic molecules, often having large flat surfaces that are poorly matched to traditional small molecules. In the surface mimetic approach, a supramolecular scaffold is used to project recognition groups in such a manner as to make multivalent non-covalent contacts over a large area of protein surface. Metal based supramolecular scaffolds offer unique advantages over conventional organic molecules for protein binding, including greater stereochemical and geometrical diversity conferred through the metal centre and the potential for direct assessment of binding properties and even visualisation in cells without recourse to further functionalisation. This feature article will highlight the current state of the art in protein surface recognition using metal complexes as surface mimetics.
Co-reporter:Valeria Azzarito, Panchami Prabhakaran, Alice I. Bartlett, Natasha S. Murphy, Michaele J. Hardie, Colin A. Kilner, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2012 - vol. 10(Issue 32) pp:NaN6472-6472
Publication Date(Web):2012/07/04
DOI:10.1039/C2OB26262B
The design and synthesis of a new 2-O-alklyated benzamide α-helix mimetic is described. Comparison with regioisomeric 3-O-alkylated benzamides permits a preliminary evaluation of the role that mimetic curvature has in determining molecular recognition properties.
Co-reporter:Frederick Campbell, Jeffrey P. Plante, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2010 - vol. 8(Issue 10) pp:NaN2351-2351
Publication Date(Web):2010/03/18
DOI:10.1039/C001164A
Generic approaches for the design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) represent a key objective in modern chemical biology. Within this context, the α-helix mediated PPIs have received considerable attention as targets for inhibition using small molecules, foldamers and proteomimetics. This manuscript describes a novel N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide proteomimetic scaffold and its solid-phase synthesis—the first time such an approach has been used for proteomimetics. The utility of these scaffolds as proteomimetics is exemplified through the identification of potent μM inhibitors of the p53–hDM2 helix mediated PPI—a key oncogenic target.
Co-reporter:Anna Barnard, Kérya Long, David J. Yeo, Jennifer A. Miles, Valeria Azzarito, George M. Burslem, Panchami Prabhakaran, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2014 - vol. 12(Issue 35) pp:NaN6799-6799
Publication Date(Web):2014/07/28
DOI:10.1039/C4OB00915K
α-Helix mediated protein–protein interactions are of major therapeutic importance. As such, the design of inhibitors of this class of interaction is of significant interest. We present methodology to modify N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide α-helix mimetics using ‘click’ chemistry. The effect is shown to modulate the binding properties of a series of selective p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem, Hannah F. Kyle, Alexander L. Breeze, Thomas A. Edwards, Adam Nelson, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 31) pp:NaN5424-5424
Publication Date(Web):2016/03/24
DOI:10.1039/C6CC01812B
Using the HIF-1α transcription factor as a model, this manuscript illustrates how an extended sequence of α-amino acids in a polypeptide can be replaced with a non-natural topographical mimic of an α-helix comprised from an aromatic oligoamide. The resultant hybrid is capable of reproducing the molecular recognition profile of the p300 binding sequence of HIF-1α from which it is derived.
Co-reporter:Maria L. Pellizzaro, Kelly A. Houton and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2013 - vol. 4(Issue 4) pp:NaN1829-1829
Publication Date(Web):2013/02/11
DOI:10.1039/C3SC22194F
A series of hydrogen-bonding motifs are shown to be capable of both high-fidelity and promiscuous molecular recognition behaviour. This gives rise to self-sorting and therefore well defined product distributions for up to four sequential phases of building block composition. Inclusion of a hydrogen-bonding motif that becomes capable of molecular recognition only upon photo-cleavage, extends the number of phases in the cascade to five. This supramolecular system thus reproduces multiple features of biological signalling cascades including the ability to switch between successive states comprising multiple well-defined complexes and triggered modification of molecular recognition preferences.
Co-reporter:Irene Arrata, Anna Barnard, Darren C. Tomlinson and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2017 - vol. 53(Issue 19) pp:NaN2837-2837
Publication Date(Web):2017/02/20
DOI:10.1039/C6CC09395G
Selection methods are used to identify Affimers that recognise α-helix mimicking N-alkylated aromatic oligoamides thus demonstrating foldamer and natural α-amino acid codes are compatible.
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson, James R. Ault, Maria H. Filby, Hazel I. A. Philips, Alison E. Ashcroft and Nicholas C. Fletcher
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2013 - vol. 11(Issue 13) pp:NaN2212-2212
Publication Date(Web):2013/01/30
DOI:10.1039/C3OB26251K
Highly functionalised ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine receptor 1 which acts as a selective sensor for equine cytochrome c (cyt c) is shown to destabilise the native protein conformation by around 25 °C. Receptors 2 and 3 do not exert this effect confirming the behaviour is a specific effect of molecular recognition between 1 and cyt c, whilst the absence of a destabilising effect on 60% acetylated cyt c demonstrates the behaviour of 1 to be protein specific. Molecular recognition also modifies the conformational properties of the target protein at room temperature as evidenced by ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and accelerated trypsin proteolysis.
Co-reporter:Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Society Reviews 2009 - vol. 38(Issue 12) pp:NaN3300-3300
Publication Date(Web):2009/07/27
DOI:10.1039/B807197G
Although many cellular processes depend upon enzymatic reactions, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a large number of important regulatory pathways and thus play a central role in disease development. In order to understand and selectively inhibit cellular signalling pathways, there is a pressing need for small molecules that target PPIs, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical development. This tutorial review will introduce the relevance of PPIs to chemical biology and highlight the key challenges in designing inhibitors. Some of the successes using conventional approaches to the identification of small-molecule PPI inhibitors will be highlighted, and also the reasons why these approaches have not always proven successful. Several general approaches tailored to particular protein topologies are emerging for the design of scaffolds that inhibit PPIs—these will form the major content of this review. Finally a summary of the challenges to be faced in developing inhibitors of PPIs into drug leads and how these challenges may differ from those encountered with enzyme-like targets will be given.
Co-reporter:Jennifer A. Miles, David J. Yeo, Philip Rowell, Silvia Rodriguez-Marin, Christopher M. Pask, Stuart L. Warriner, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2016 - vol. 7(Issue 6) pp:NaN3702-3702
Publication Date(Web):2016/02/29
DOI:10.1039/C5SC04048E
The development of constrained peptides represents an emerging strategy to generate peptide based probes and hits for drug-discovery that address challenging protein–protein interactions (PPIs). In this manuscript we report on the use of a novel α-alkenylglycine derived amino acid to synthesise hydrocarbon constrained BH3-family sequences (BIM and BID). Our biophysical and structural analyses illustrate that whilst the introduction of the constraint increases the population of the bioactive α-helical conformation of the peptide in solution, it does not enhance the inhibitory potency against pro-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 PPIs. SPR analyses indicate binding occurs via an induced fit mechanism whilst X-ray analyses illustrate none of the key interactions between the helix and protein are disturbed. The behaviour derives from enthalpy–entropy compensation which may be considered in terms of the ground state energies of the unbound constrained and unconstrained peptides; this has implications for the design of preorganised peptides to target protein–protein interactions.
Co-reporter:George W. Preston and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Society Reviews 2013 - vol. 42(Issue 8) pp:NaN3301-3301
Publication Date(Web):2013/02/11
DOI:10.1039/C3CS35459H
Photo-induced cross-linking (PIC) is a powerful strategy for generating information on biomolecular interactions. In PIC, the utility of traditional cross-linking methods is supplemented by the temporal control of photo-activation, enabling the study of non-covalent kinetic intermediates and heterogeneous mixtures. This tutorial review will introduce the photochemistry of activation, reactive intermediates, methods for the functionalisation of biomolecules and the installation of additional functionalities (e.g., affinity tags). In doing so, we shall illustrate the wealth of data that can be obtained using this approach, ranging from the identification of interacting partners and structural data to temporal information. Alongside a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches, their applicability to different types of biological system will be described.
Co-reporter:David J. Yeo, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2013 - vol. 49(Issue 80) pp:NaN9133-9133
Publication Date(Web):2013/09/04
DOI:10.1039/C3CC45231J
Alkenylglycine amino acids were assessed as potential candidates for hydrocarbon stapling and shown to be effective in stapling of the BID BH3 peptide.
Co-reporter:Adam Gooch, Simon Barrett, Julie Fisher, Christopher I. Lindsay and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2011 - vol. 9(Issue 17) pp:NaN5940-5940
Publication Date(Web):2011/06/22
DOI:10.1039/C1OB05593C
The synthesis and self-assembly of a stable hydrogen-bonded heterodimer comprising ditopic ureidoimidazole and amidoisocytosine motifs is described. The heterodimer appears to exhibit high stability in deuterochloroform as evidenced by 1H NMR, DOSY and 1H-1H ROESY.
Co-reporter:Kelly. A. Houton, George M. Burslem and Andrew. J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2015 - vol. 6(Issue 4) pp:NaN2388-2388
Publication Date(Web):2015/02/03
DOI:10.1039/C4SC03804E
In this work we describe the solvent free synthesis of supramolecular polyurethanes held together by heterocomplementary triple hydrogen bonding. We perform a systematic evaluation on the base catalyzed synthesis of small molecule ureas and carbamates from a range of isocyanates, amines and alcohols in solution and in the solid state using ball milling. These optimized procedures are then shown to be applicable to the synthesis of supramolecular polyurethanes using solvent-free methods.
Co-reporter:Fred Campbell, Jeffrey Plante, Christopher Carruthers, Michaele J. Hardie, Timothy J. Prior and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2007(Issue 22) pp:NaN2242-2242
Publication Date(Web):2007/05/08
DOI:10.1039/B704366J
The regiospecific synthesis of C3 macrocyclic scaffolds possessing multiple different functional groups is described.
Co-reporter:Andrea M. McGhee, Colin Kilner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2008(Issue 3) pp:NaN346-346
Publication Date(Web):2007/10/29
DOI:10.1039/B712603D
5-Membered heterocycles are employed to give a conformer independent DDA array of hydrogen bonds, resulting in enhanced binding affinity to a complementary AAD array in comparison to a DDA array employing a 6-membered ring.
Co-reporter:Jeffrey P. Plante, Thomas Burnley, Barbora Malkova, Michael E. Webb, Stuart L. Warriner, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2009(Issue 34) pp:NaN5093-5093
Publication Date(Web):2009/06/24
DOI:10.1039/B908207G
Oligobenzamide inhibitors of the p53–hDM2 protein–protein interaction are described.
Co-reporter:Jeffrey Plante, Fred Campbell, Barbora Malkova, Colin Kilner, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2008 - vol. 6(Issue 1) pp:NaN146-146
Publication Date(Web):2007/11/07
DOI:10.1039/B712606A
A current goal in synthetic chemistry is the design and synthesis of molecules that adopt well defined conformations—so called foldamers. In this manuscript we describe a modular approach for construction of rod shaped para-oligobenzamide molecules. Our approach permits regiospecific incorporation of side chains through a phenolic ether linkage on the scaffold; a feature that partly restricts the conformation of the rod through intramolecular hydrogen-bonding.
Co-reporter:Valeria Azzarito, Jennifer A. Miles, Julie Fisher, Thomas A. Edwards, Stuart L. Warriner and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2015 - vol. 6(Issue 4) pp:NaN2443-2443
Publication Date(Web):2015/01/30
DOI:10.1039/C4SC03559C
The development of foldamers capable of selective molecular recognition of solvent exposed protein surfaces represents an outstanding challenge in supramolecular chemical biology. Here we introduce an oligoamide foldamer with well-defined conformation that bears all the hallmarks of an information rich oligomer. Specifically, the foldamer recognizes its target protein hDM2 leading to inhibition of its protein–protein interaction with p53 in a manner that depends upon the composition, spatial projection and stereochemistry of functional groups appended to the scaffold. Most significantly, selective inhibition of p53/hDM2 can be achieved against four other targets and the selectivity for p53/hDM2 inhibition versus Mcl-1/NOXA-B inhibition is critically dependent upon the stereochemistry of the helix mimetic.
Co-reporter:Claire M. Grison, George M. Burslem, Jennifer A. Miles, Ludwig K. A. Pilsl, David J. Yeo, Zeynab Imani, Stuart L. Warriner, Michael E. Webb and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 - vol. 8(Issue 7) pp:NaN5171-5171
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/31
DOI:10.1039/C7SC01342F
The development of constrained peptides for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is an emerging strategy in chemical biology and drug discovery. This manuscript introduces a versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation using BID and RNase S peptides as models. Dibromomaleimide is used to constrain BID and RNase S peptide sequence variants bearing cysteine (Cys) or homocysteine (hCys) amino acids spaced at i and i + 4 positions by double substitution. The constraint can be readily removed by displacement of the maleimide using excess thiol. This new constraining methodology results in enhanced α-helical conformation (BID and RNase S peptide) as demonstrated by circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulations, resistance to proteolysis (BID) as demonstrated by trypsin proteolysis experiments and retained or enhanced potency of inhibition for Bcl-2 family protein–protein interactions (BID), or greater capability to restore the hydrolytic activity of the RNAse S protein (RNase S peptide). Finally, use of a dibromomaleimide functionalized with an alkyne permits further divergent functionalization through alkyne–azide cycloaddition chemistry on the constrained peptide with fluorescein, oligoethylene glycol or biotin groups to facilitate biophysical and cellular analyses. Hence this methodology may extend the scope and accessibility of peptide stapling.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem, Hannah F. Kyle, Adam Nelson, Thomas A. Edwards and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 - vol. 8(Issue 7) pp:NaN5215-5215
Publication Date(Web):2017/06/06
DOI:10.1039/C7SC90030A
Correction for ‘Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as a model for studying inhibition of protein–protein interactions’ by George M. Burslem et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00388a.
Co-reporter:George M. Burslem;Hannah F. Kyle;Adam Nelson;Thomas A. Edwards
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2017 - vol. 8(Issue 6) pp:
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/30
DOI:10.1039/C7SC00388A
The modulation of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) represents a major challenge in modern chemical biology. Current approaches (e.g. high-throughput screening, computer aided ligand design) are recognised as having limitations in terms of identification of hit matter. Considerable success has been achieved in terms of developing new approaches to PPI modulator discovery using the p53/hDM2 and Bcl-2 family of PPIs. However these important targets in oncology might be considered as “low-hanging-fruit”. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an emerging, but not yet fully validated target for cancer chemotherapy. Its role is to regulate the hypoxic response and it does so through a plethora of protein–protein interactions of varying topology, topography and complexity: its modulation represents an attractive approach to prevent development of new vasculature by hypoxic tumours.
Co-reporter:Sarah H. Hewitt and Andrew J. Wilson
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 77) pp:NaN11604-11604
Publication Date(Web):2016/09/13
DOI:10.1039/C6CC90416E
Correction for ‘Metal complexes as “protein surface mimetics”’ by Sarah H. Hewitt and Andrew J. Wilson, Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 9745–9756.