Co-reporter:Dazhen Huang, Huiying Yao, Yutao Cui, Ye Zou, Fengjiao Zhang, Chao Wang, Hongguang Shen, Wenlong Jin, Jia Zhu, Ying Diao, Wei Xu, Chong-an Di, and Daoben Zhu
Journal of the American Chemical Society September 20, 2017 Volume 139(Issue 37) pp:13013-13013
Publication Date(Web):August 18, 2017
DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b05344
Conjugated backbones play a fundamental role in determining the electronic properties of organic semiconductors. On the basis of two solution-processable dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diylidenebis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) derivatives with aromatic and quinoid structures, we have carried out a systematic study of the relationship between the conjugated-backbone structure and the thermoelectric properties. In particular, a combination of UV–vis–NIR spectra, photoemission spectroscopy, and doping optimization are utilized to probe the interplay between energy levels, chemical doping, and thermoelectric performance. We found that a moderate change in the conjugated backbone leads to varied doping mechanisms and contributes to dramatic changes in the thermoelectric performance. Notably, the chemically doped A-DCV-DPPTT, a small molecule with aromatic structure, exhibits an electrical conductivity of 5.3 S cm–1 and a high power factor (PF373 K) up to 236 μW m–1 K–2, which is 50 times higher than that of Q-DCM-DPPTT with a quinoid structure. More importantly, the low thermal conductivity enables A-DCV-DPPTT to possess a figure of merit (ZT) of 0.23 ± 0.03, which is the highest value reported to date for thermoelectric materials based on organic small molecules. These results demonstrate that the modulation of the conjugated backbone represents a powerful strategy for tuning the electronic structure and mobility of organic semiconductors toward a maximum thermoelectric performance.
Co-reporter:Yaping Zang;Hongguang Shen;Dazhen Huang;Chong-An Di
Advanced Materials 2017 Volume 29(Issue 18) pp:
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/01
DOI:10.1002/adma.201606088
Organic-device-based tactile-perception systems can open up new opportunities for the next generation of intelligent products. To meet the critical requirements of artificial perception systems, the efficient construction of organic smart elements with integrated sensing and signal processing functionalities is highly desired, but remains a challenge. This study presents a dual-organic-transistor-based tactile-perception element (DOT-TPE) with biomimetic functionality by the construction of organic synaptic transistors with integrated sensing transistors. The unique geometry of the DOT-TPE permits instantaneous sensing of pressure stimuli and synapse-like processing of an electric signal in a single element. More importantly, these organic-transistor-based tactile-perception elements can be built into arrays to serve as bionic tactile-perception systems. The combined biomimetic functionality of tactile-perception systems, together with their promising features of flexibility and large-area fabrication, makes this work represent a step forward toward novel e-skin devices for artificial intelligence.
Co-reporter:Hongguang Shen;Chong-An Di
Science China Chemistry 2017 Volume 60( Issue 4) pp:437-449
Publication Date(Web):2017 April
DOI:10.1007/s11426-016-9014-9
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are recently considered to be attractive candidate for bioelectronic applications owing to their prominent biocompatibility, intrinsical flexibility, and potentially low cost associated with their solution processibility. Over the last few years, bioelectronic-application-motivated OFETs have attracted increasing attention towards next generation of biosensors, healthcare elements and artificial neural interfaces. This mini review highlights the basic principles and recent progress in OFET based bioelectronics devices. The key strategies and the forecast perspectives of this research field are also briefly summarized.
Co-reporter:Jie Chen;Jiajia Zhang;Ye Zou;Wei Xu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017 vol. 5(Issue 20) pp:9891-9896
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/23
DOI:10.1039/C7TA02431B
A narrow-bandgap semiconducting thin film of poly-peri-naphthalene (PPN) has been synthesised via the pyrolysis of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). By tuning the pyrolysis temperature, the bandgap of the PPN film can be adjusted from 0.37 to 0.26 eV. Optimised thermoelectric performance can be achieved at the pyrolytic temperature of 600 °C, at which the power factor reached up to 0.43 μW m−1 K−2, with a Seebeck coefficient of 47 μV K−1 and an electrical conductivity of 1.85 S cm−1. IR and Raman spectra indicate that the structure of the pyrolytic film is similar to that of multilayer graphene or graphene nanoribbons with a narrow bandgap. Since the PPN film has the advantages of a tunable bandgap, low cost, feasibility for large-area fabrication, thermal and chemical stability, and a relatively high performance without further modification, it is a promising carbon-based thermoelectric material and is worth further investigations.
Co-reporter:Liyao Liu;Yuanhui Sun;Wenbo Li;Jiajia Zhang;Xing Huang;Zhijun Chen;Yimeng Sun;Chongan Di;Wei Xu
Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017 vol. 1(Issue 10) pp:2111-2116
Publication Date(Web):2017/09/27
DOI:10.1039/C7QM00223H
By printing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate as a mask, an insoluble and infusible metal coordination polymer, poly[Kx(Ni-ethylenetetrathiolate)] (poly[Kx(Ni-ett)]), film was patterned via an electrochemical deposition process. The method is verified to be capable of fabricating 108 n-type legs in one batch. A thermoelectric generator consisting of eighteen legs connected in series in one row had an output power of 0.468 μW under a temperature difference of 12 K with the best power density reaching up to 577.8 μW cm−2.
Co-reporter:Yaping Zang;Dazhen Huang;Chong-an Di
Advanced Materials 2016 Volume 28( Issue 22) pp:4549-4555
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201505034
Organic thin-film transistors (OFETs) represent a promising candidate for next-generation sensing applications because of the intrinsic advantages of organic semiconductors. The development of flexible sensing devices has received particular interest in the past few years. The recent efforts of developing OFETs for sensitive and specific flexible sensors are summarized from the standpoint of device engineering. The tuning of signal transduction and signal amplification are highlighted based on an overview of active-layer thickness modulation, functional receptor implantation and device geometry optimization.
Co-reporter:Yuanhui Sun;Lin Qiu;Liangpo Tang;Hua Geng;Hanfu Wang;Fengjiao Zhang;Dazhen Huang;Wei Xu;Peng Yue;Ying-shi Guan;Fei Jiao;Yimeng Sun;Dawei Tang;Chong-an Di;Yuanping Yi
Advanced Materials 2016 Volume 28( Issue 17) pp:3351-3358
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201505922
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Yunke Qin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 vol. 4(Issue 4) pp:1432-1439
Publication Date(Web):17 Dec 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TA07526B
Doping and thermoelectric properties of two solution-processable conjugated polymers with low ionization potentials (IPs) have been studied and compared. An optimized thermoelectric power factor (PF) approaching 40 μW m−1 K−2 at 390 K was achieved in films of polymer PDTPT-C12, by performing doping treatment with LiTFSI solution in air, while an optimized thermoelectric power factor around 12 μW m−1 K−2 at 390 K was observed when CuTFSI2 solution was used instead of LiTFSI. In contrast, such effects on thermoelectric performance as a result of dopant species were not observed in the other studied polymer PTVT2T-C12 with comparable IP. Based on the results of thermoelectric measurements and optical spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy, the role of Li+ in the resultant thermoelectric performance was proposed. Moreover, owing to the relatively low IPs of the two studied polymers, the as-doped polymer films are reasonably stable under ambient conditions. Therefore, N-alkyl dithieno[3,2b:2′,3′-d] pyrroles (DTPs) as exemplified in the case of PDTPT-C12 are suggested to be promising building-blocks and the incorporation of small cations like Li+ may be an alternative to increase the thermopower in solid state devices.
Co-reporter:Gaobo Lin, Yunke Qin, Jiajia Zhang, Ying-Shi Guan, Hai Xu, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 vol. 4(Issue 20) pp:4470-4477
Publication Date(Web):30 Mar 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6TC00687F
We report the synthesis and characterization of two new DPP-based small molecules, BTDPPCN and TTDPPCN. By variation of π-conjugating spacers from bithiophene to thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, a lower LUMO level is obtained for TTDPPCN, but both compounds have a similar band gap of about 1.6 eV. Under ambient conditions, the excellent ambipolarity of BTDPPCN is demonstrated by balanced charge carrier mobilities of 0.065 and 0.031 cm2 V−1 s−1 for n- and p-channels after thermal annealing. The FETs based on TTDPPCN films also showed ambipolar charge transport properties with a very high electron mobility of 0.80 cm2 V−1 s−1 upon thermal annealing at 90 °C and a hole mobility of 0.024 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 150 °C.
Co-reporter:Ying-Shi Guan, Yunke Qin, Yuanhui Sun, Jie Chen, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2016 vol. 52(Issue 25) pp:4648-4651
Publication Date(Web):01 Mar 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CC01300G
Single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs were fabricated from co-assembled supramolecular nanofibers which comprise TCAT and PDI-13, using a simple gelation method. The co-assembled supramolecular nanoarchitecture was fully characterized by means of optical microscopy, TEM, SEM, 2D-GIWAXS and so on. The devices exhibited typical ambipolar charge transport characteristics with very well-balanced hole and electron mobilities as well as high photoresponsivity under ambient conditions.
Co-reporter:Yunke Qin, Changli Cheng, Hua Geng, Chao Wang, Wenping Hu, Wei Xu, Zhigang Shuai and Daoben Zhu
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2016 vol. 18(Issue 20) pp:14094-14103
Publication Date(Web):26 Apr 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6CP01509C
Comprehensive investigations of crystal structures, electrical transport properties and theoretical simulations have been performed over a series of sulfur-bridged annulene-based donor–acceptor complexes with an alternate stacking motif. A remarkably high mobility, up to 1.57 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes and 0.47 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons, was obtained using organic single crystal field-effect transistor devices, demonstrating the efficient ambipolar transport properties. These ambipolar properties arise from the fact that the electronic couplings for both holes and electrons have the same super-exchange nature along the alternate stacking direction. The magnitude of super-exchange coupling depends not only on the intermolecular stacking distance and pattern, but also the energy level alignments between the adjacent donor–acceptor moieties. The concluded transport mechanism and structure–property relationship from this research will provide an important guideline for the future design of organic semiconductors based on donor–acceptor complexes.
Co-reporter:Gaobo Lin, Yunke Qin, Ying-Shi Guan, Hai Xu, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
RSC Advances 2016 vol. 6(Issue 6) pp:4872-4876
Publication Date(Web):05 Jan 2016
DOI:10.1039/C5RA24845K
Two new molecules with acceptor–donor–donor–acceptor (A–D–D–A) configuration bearing coplanar electron-donating dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) as the donor unit and the electron-withdrawing dicyanovinylene as the acceptor block, DTP-L and DTP-S, were synthesized. The introduction of two branched alkyl chains with different lengths at the N-position of DTP led to different transport properties with the longer alkyl chains (DTP-L) showing hole mobility of up to 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1 with on/off ratios of 106 without being subjected to annealing, and the one with short alkyl chains (DTP-S) exhibiting very poor hole mobility of 7.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The poor performance of DTP-S films was mainly caused by a less ordered film and low crystallinity.
Co-reporter:Yuanhui Sun;Jiajia Zhang;Liyao Liu;Yunke Qin;Yimeng Sun
Science China Chemistry 2016 Volume 59( Issue 10) pp:1323-1329
Publication Date(Web):2016 October
DOI:10.1007/s11426-016-0175-9
The coordination polymer poly(nickel-ethylenetetrathiolate) (poly(Ni-ett)), formed by nickel(II) and 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate (ett), is the most promising N-type organic thermoelectric material ever reported; it is synthesized via potentiostatic deposition, and the effect of different applied potentials on the optimal performance of the polymers is investigated. The optimal thermoelectric property of poly(Ni-ett) synthesized at 0.6 V is remarkably greater than that of the polymers synthesized at 1 and 1.6 V, exhibiting a maximum power factor of up to 131.6 μW/mK2 at 360 K. Furthermore, the structure-property correlation of poly(Ni-ett) is also extensively investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that the larger size of crystalline domains and the higher oxidation state of poly(Ni-ett) synthesized at 0.6 V possibly results in the higher bulk mobility and carrier concentration in the polymer chains, respectively, accounting for the enhanced power factor.
Co-reporter:Daoben Zhu;Deqing Zhang;Yunqi Liu
Science China Chemistry 2016 Volume 59( Issue 6) pp:651-652
Publication Date(Web):2016 June
DOI:10.1007/s11426-016-5602-3
Co-reporter:Jiajia Zhang;Chao Wang;Jie Chen;Yuanhui Sun;Jie Yan;Ye Zou
Science China Chemistry 2016 Volume 59( Issue 6) pp:672-678
Publication Date(Web):2016 June
DOI:10.1007/s11426-015-0453-1
Carbon films prepared from pyrolyzation of spin-casted polyacrylonitrile (PAN) thin films display high electrical conductivity (>600 S/cm, at 1000 °C carbonization), low sheet resistance (about 100 Ω/square at the PAN film thickness of 70 nm) and partial transmittance. These pyrolyzed PAN (PPAN) films were patterned as bottom electrodes by photolithography, and utilized as drain and source electrodes to fabricate organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices with a p-type semiconductor (P3HT) and an n-type semiconductor (DPP-containing quinoidal small molecule) through a spin-coating procedure. The results showed that the devices with the PAN electrodes exhibited almost the same excellent performance without any further modification compared to those devices with traditional Au electrodes. Since these PPAN films had the advantages of low-cost, high performance, easier for large-area fabrication, thermal and chemical stability, it should be a promising electrode material for organic electrodes.
Co-reporter:Yaping Zang;Fengjiao Zhang;Dazhen Huang;Chong-an Di
Advanced Materials 2015 Volume 27( Issue 48) pp:7979-7985
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201503542
Co-reporter:Fengjiao Zhang;Yaping Zang;Dazhen Huang;Chong-an Di;Xike Gao;Henning Sirringhaus
Advanced Functional Materials 2015 Volume 25( Issue 20) pp:3004-3012
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201404397
Organic thermoelectric materials, which can transform heat flow into electricity, have great potential for flexible, ultra-low-cost and large-area thermoelectric applications. Despite rapid developments of organic thermoelectric materials, exploration and investigation of promising organic thermoelectric semiconductors still remain as a challenge. Here, the thermoelectric properties of several p- and n-type organic semiconductors are investigated and studied, in particular, how the electric field modulations of the Seebeck coefficient in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) compare with the Seebeck coefficient in chemically doped films. The extracted relationship between the Seebeck coefficient (S) and electrical conductivity (σ) from the field-effect transistor (FET) geometry is in good agreement with that of chemically doped films, enabling the investigation of the trade-off relationship among σ, S, carrier concentration, and charging level. The results make OFETs an effective candidate for the thermoelectric studies of organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Yaping Zang, Fengjiao Zhang, Chong-an Di and Daoben Zhu
Materials Horizons 2015 vol. 2(Issue 2) pp:140-156
Publication Date(Web):17 Oct 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4MH00147H
By virtue of their wide applications in personal electronic devices and industrial monitoring, pressure sensors are attractive candidates for promoting the advancement of science and technology in modern society. Flexible pressure sensors based on organic materials, which combine unique advantages of flexibility and low-cost, have emerged as a highly active field due to their promising applications in artificial intelligence systems and wearable health care devices. In this review, we focus on the fundamentals of flexible pressure sensors, and subsequently on several critical concepts for the exploration of functional materials and optimization of sensing devices toward practical applications. Perspectives on self-powered, transparent and implantable pressure sensing devices are also examined to highlight the development directions in this exciting research field.
Co-reporter:Yuanhui Sun, Fengjiao Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 6) pp:2677-2683
Publication Date(Web):08 Dec 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4TA06475E
We report the synthesis and thermoelectric (TE) performance of organometallic coordination polymers, including copper 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane nanocrystals (NC-CuTCNQ) and thin films of CuTCNQ nanorod arrays (NrA-CuTCNQ). The characterization of NC-CuTCNQ was carried out with the compressed samples. For NrA-CuTCNQ films, the TE properties were investigated with a hybrid Au/Cu/CuTCNQ/Au architecture along the direction either vertical or parallel to the film surface and obviously anisotropic behaviors were observed. We found that CuTCNQ can be a potential n-type material for future application in thermoelectric devices with a power factor of 1.5 μW m−1 K−2, accompanied by a high Seebeck coefficient of −632 μV K−1 at 370 K. In order to optimize its TE performance, a cousin molecule 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) was mixed with TCNQ reacted with CuI. We found that the CuTCNQ blend possessed the highest power factor of 2.5 μW m−1 K−2 with a 1 mol% blend ratio of F4TCNQ (related to TCNQ) at 370 K.
Co-reporter:Ying-Shi Guan, Yunke Qin, Yuanhui Sun, Chao Wang, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2015 vol. 51(Issue 61) pp:12182-12184
Publication Date(Web):26 Jun 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5CC04711K
Single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs were fabricated from a cyclic conjugated organogelator, using a simple gelation method. The devices exhibited typical p-type semiconductor properties with dominant hole transport both in the dark and upon illumination under ambient conditions.
Co-reporter:Chao Wang, Yunke Qin, Yuanhui Sun, Ying-Shi Guan, Wei Xu, and Daoben Zhu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015 Volume 7(Issue 29) pp:15978
Publication Date(Web):July 2, 2015
DOI:10.1021/acsami.5b04082
A series of thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based quinoidal small molecules (TDPPQ-2–TDPPQ-5) bearing branched alkyl chains with different side-chain lengths and varied branching positions are synthesized. Field-effect transistor (FET) measurement combined with thin-film characterization is utilized to systematically probe the influence of the side-chain length and branching position on the film microstructure, molecular packing, and, hence, charge-transport property. All of these TDPPQ derivatives show air-stable n-channel transporting behavior in spin-coated FET devices, which exhibit no significant decrease in mobility even after being stored in air for 2 months. Most notably, TDPPQ-3 exhibits an outstanding n-channel semiconducting property with electron mobilities up to 0.72 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is an unprecedented value for spin-coated DPP-based n-type semiconducting small molecules. A balance of high crystallinity, satisfactory thickness uniformity and continuity, and strong intermolecular interaction accounts for the superior charge-transport characteristics of TDPPQ-3 films. Our study demonstrates that tuning the length and branching position of alkyl side chains of semiconducting molecules is a powerful strategy for achieving high FET performance.Keywords: alkyl-side-chain engineering; diketopyrrolopyrrole; n-type organic semiconductors; quinoidal molecules; spin-coated OFETs;
Co-reporter:Dazhen Huang, Ye Zou, Fei Jiao, Fengjiao Zhang, Yaping Zang, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu, and Daoben Zhu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015 Volume 7(Issue 17) pp:8968
Publication Date(Web):April 15, 2015
DOI:10.1021/acsami.5b01460
Organic photothermoelectric (PTE) materials are promising candidates for various photodetection applications. Herein, we report on poly[Cux(Cu-ett)]:PVDF, which is an excellent polymeric thermoelectric composite, possesses unprecedented PTE properties. The NIR light irradiation on the poly[Cux(Cu-ett)]:PVDF film could induce obvious enhancement in Seebeck coefficient from 52 ± 1.5 to 79 ± 5.0 μV/K. By taking advantage of prominent photothermoelectric effect of poly[Cux(Cu-ett)]:PVDF, an unprecedented voltage of 12 mV was obtained. This excellent performance enables its promising applications in electricity generation from solar energy and NIR detection to a wide range of light intensities ranging from 1.7 mW/cm2 to 17 W/cm2.Keywords: NIR detection; organic thermoelectric device; organic thermoelectric material; photothermoelectric effect;
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang;Yimeng Sun;Wei Xu
Advanced Materials 2014 Volume 26( Issue 40) pp:6829-6851
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201305371
The abundance of solar thermal energy and the widespread demands for waste heat recovery make thermoelectric generators (TEGs) very attractive in harvesting low-cost energy resources. Meanwhile, thermoelectric refrigeration is promising for local cooling and niche applications. In this context there is currently a growing interest in developing organic thermoelectric materials which are flexible, cost-effective, eco-friendly and potentially energy-efficient. In particular, the past several years have witnessed remarkable progress in organic thermoelectric materials and devices. In this review, thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers and small molecules are summarized, with recent progresses in materials, measurements and devices highlighted. Prospects and suggestions for future research efforts are also presented. The organic thermoelectric materials are emerging candidates for green energy conversion.
Co-reporter:Yunke Qin;Jing Zhang;Xiaoyan Zheng;Hua Geng;Guangyao Zhao;Wei Xu;Wenping Hu;Zhigang Shuai
Advanced Materials 2014 Volume 26( Issue 24) pp:4093-4099
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201400056
Co-reporter:Yaping Zang;Fengjiao Zhang;Dazhen Huang;Chong-an Di;Qing Meng;Xike Gao
Advanced Materials 2014 Volume 26( Issue 18) pp:2862-2867
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adma.201305011
Co-reporter:Jing Zhang, Guangyao Zhao, Yunke Qin, Jiahui Tan, Hua Geng, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu, Zhigang Shuai and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014 vol. 2(Issue 42) pp:8886-8891
Publication Date(Web):03 Sep 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4TC01876A
By introducing naphthalene diimide into the meso-diphenyl tetrathia[22]annulene[2,1,2,1], a natural donor–acceptor co-crystal was prepared. In this co-crystal, donor and acceptor alternatingly stack into one-dimensional columns along the π–π stacking direction. With π–π interaction among the donor molecules, no effective π–π overlapping between DPNDIs in the acceptor columns was observed. Microcrystal transistor devices based on this D–A co-crystal displayed higher hole transport performance compared to the pristine crystals of donor molecules. Quantum calculation confirmed the absence of electron transport pathways and the super exchange between the adjacent donor and acceptor. From the diversity and versatility of the donor and acceptor used, we believe that the strategy developed here would be readily employed to tune the charge transport of organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Fei Jiao, Fengjiao Zhang, Yaping Zang, Ye Zou, Chong'an Di, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2014 vol. 50(Issue 18) pp:2374-2376
Publication Date(Web):09 Jan 2014
DOI:10.1039/C3CC49448A
Ultrathin carbon films were prepared by carbonization of a solution processed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film in a moderate temperature range (500–700 °C). The films displayed balanced hole (0.50 cm2 V−1 s−1) and electron mobilities (0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1) under ambient conditions. Spectral characterization revealed that the electrical transport is due to the formation of sp2 hybridized carbon during the carbonization process. A CMOS-like inverter demonstrated the potential application of this material in the area of carbon electronics, considering its processability and low-cost.
Co-reporter:Zhongmin Zhou, Yunke Qin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2014 vol. 50(Issue 31) pp:4082-4084
Publication Date(Web):25 Feb 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4CC00741G
A π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) containing a conjugated pentacene moiety showed a large binding affinity toward C60 in solution. The crystal structure analysis of the cocrystal formed by this exTTF and C60 revealed that strong π–π interactions existed between C60 and naphthalene and 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene units.
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Wei Xu, and Daoben Zhu
Macromolecules 2014 Volume 47(Issue 2) pp:609-615
Publication Date(Web):January 15, 2014
DOI:10.1021/ma4020406
Modification of the electronic structures of two benchmark donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers poly[(4,4′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl] (PSBTBT) and poly[{2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3,6-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl}-alt-{[2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene]-5,5″-diyl}] (PDPP3T) by chemical doping is reported. Simply by dipping polymer films into dopant solution, high electrical conductivity is achieved and thermoelectric property of the films is optimized. Despite their deep HOMO levels, optical absorption extending continuously to 2000 nm is observed in PSBTBT, and a high power factor around 25 μW m–1 K–2 is obtained in PDPP3T. Furthermore, temperature-dependent measurement of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients is carried out to understand transport mechanisms and energetic distribution of carrier density of states (DOS). In parallel, doping treatment and corresponding characterizations are performed on donor polymers poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C12) for comparison. Ultimately, based on comprehensive characterizations and comparisons of the four polymers in terms of bulk mobility, DOS, film microstructures, and molecular structures, etc., a primitive correlation between solution-processable polymeric semiconductors and thermoelectric properties of their doped products is established.
Co-reporter:Chao Wang;Yaping Zang;Yunke Qin;Qian Zhang;Yuanhui Sun;Dr. Chong-an Di; Wei Xu; Daoben Zhu
Chemistry - A European Journal 2014 Volume 20( Issue 42) pp:13755-13761
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201403037
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, redox behavior, and n-channel organic field-effect (OFET) characteristics of a new class of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based quinoidal small molecules 3 and 4. Under ambient atmosphere, solution-processed thin-film transistors based on 3 and 4 exhibit maximum electron mobilities up to 0.22 and 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, with on-off current ratios (Ion/Ioff) of more than than 106. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that this class of quinoidal derivatives exhibited excellent reversible two-stage reduction behavior. This property was further investigated by a stepwise reductive titration of 4, in which sequential reduction to the radical anion and then the dianion were observed.
Co-reporter:Fengjiao Zhang ; Yunbin Hu ; Torben Schuettfort ; Chong-an Di ; Xike Gao ; Christopher R. McNeill ; Lars Thomsen ; Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld ; Wei Yuan ; Henning Sirringhaus
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013 Volume 135(Issue 6) pp:2338-2349
Publication Date(Web):January 18, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ja311469y
Substituted side chains are fundamental units in solution processable organic semiconductors in order to achieve a balance of close intermolecular stacking, high crystallinity, and good compatibility with different wet techniques. Based on four air-stable solution-processed naphthalene diimides fused with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malononitrile groups (NDI-DTYM2) that bear branched alkyl chains with varied side-chain length and different branching position, we have carried out systematic studies on the relationship between film microstructure and charge transport in their organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In particular synchrotron measurements (grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure) are combined with device optimization studies to probe the interplay between molecular structure, molecular packing, and OTFT mobility. It is found that the side-chain length has a moderate influence on thin-film microstructure but leads to only limited changes in OTFT performance. In contrast, the position of branching point results in subtle, yet critical changes in molecular packing and leads to dramatic differences in electron mobility ranging from ∼0.001 to >3.0 cm2 V–1 s–1. Incorporating a NDI-DTYM2 core with three-branched N-alkyl substituents of C11,6 results in a dense in-plane molecular packing with an unit cell area of 127 Å2, larger domain sizes of up to 1000 × 3000 nm2, and an electron mobility of up to 3.50 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is an unprecedented value for ambient stable n-channel solution-processed OTFTs reported to date. These results demonstrate that variation of the alkyl chain branching point is a powerful strategy for tuning of molecular packing to enable high charge transport mobilities.
Co-reporter:Qinghe Wu;Shendong Ren;Mao Wang;Xiaolan Qiao;Hongxiang Li;Xike Gao;Xiaodi Yang
Advanced Functional Materials 2013 Volume 23( Issue 18) pp:2277-2284
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201202744
Abstract
A series of dicyanomethylene-substituted 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thieno-quinoids, in which soluble alkyl chains (2-decyltetradecyls) are substituted at different positions (namely, 2,2′-positions (Compound 1); 3,3′- positions (Compound 2); 6,6′-positions (Compound 3)), are strategically designed and successfully synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as molecular packing of these new compounds are thoroughly investigated. Thin film transistor measurements reveal that Compounds 1–3 display markedly different charge transport performance. The solution processed thin film transistors of Compound 2 exhibits the highest electron mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1 under ambient conditions, one and three orders of magnitude higher than those of Compounds 3 and 1, respectively, demonstrating the strong impact of alkyl chain orientations on transistor performance.
Co-reporter:Hongtao Liu, Lei Zhang, Yunlong Guo, Cheng Cheng, Lianjiang Yang, Lang Jiang, Gui Yu, Wenping Hu, Yunqi Liu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013 vol. 1(Issue 18) pp:3104-3109
Publication Date(Web):27 Feb 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3TC00067B
A novel reducing reagent, Lawesson's reagent (LR), is used to directly reduce graphene oxide (GO) films and single GO sheets. The as-prepared reduced graphene oxide (GOLR) is fully characterized by XPS, Raman, FTIR, 13C NMR and XRD. Most of the oxygen-containing groups are efficiently removed by LR and the conjugated graphene networks are restored. Highly conductive GOLR films and sheets are obtained. As a proof of concept, thin film field-effect transistors based on pentacene using patterned GOLR films as electrodes are fabricated and show high performances. Common cotton threads coated with GOLR can be used as flexible connecting wires to illuminate commercial light-emitting diodes. After low temperature annealing, such as 300 °C, higher conductivity and mobility of GOLR are obtained due to the removal of additional oxygen groups and better ordering of graphene sheets.
Co-reporter:Hongke Wang, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Dyes and Pigments 2013 Volume 97(Issue 2) pp:303-310
Publication Date(Web):May 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.01.011
Novel photochromic diarylethene and diarylethene dimer containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene were designed and synthesized to compare their photochromic properties. Photochromism in solution and in the crystalline phase, fluorescence, electrochemical character, and theoretical calculations of the two compounds were studied. Both of them showed remarkable photochromic performance in the solution as well as in the crystalline phase. In the photostationary state, the conversion ratio in solution and in the crystalline phase from open-ring isomer to closed-ring isomer under irradiation was estimated by HPLC analysis. However, for diarylethene dimer, it showed higher fluorescent modulation efficiency while its photocyclization could only take place at one of the two diarylethene units due to the intramolecular excited energy transfer.Highlights► Novel photochromic diarylethene and its dimer containing Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene were designed and synthesized. ► Photochromism, fluorescence, electrochemical characters, quantum yields, theoretical calculations and conversion ratio were carried out. ► Both of them showed remarkable photochromic performance in solution as well as in the crystalline phase.
Co-reporter:Hongke Wang;Hui Lin; Wei Xu; Daoben Zhu
Chemistry - A European Journal 2013 Volume 19( Issue 10) pp:3366-3373
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201202520
Abstract
Four novel nonsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compounds containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene units were designed and synthesized to investigate their photochromic properties. All these molecules adopt a photoactive antiparallel conformation in single crystals, as revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and exhibit excellent photochromism in solution as well as in the crystalline phase.
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Energy & Environmental Science 2012 vol. 5(Issue 11) pp:9639-9644
Publication Date(Web):13 Sep 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2EE23006B
Due to their low thermal conductivity, non-toxicity and low cost, conductive polymer materials are potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. Here, a detailed investigation into the thermoelectric properties of P3HT films is reported. A thermoelectric power factor over 20 μW m−1 K−2 at room temperature was obtained by employing a ferric salt of triflimide (TFSI−) anions as a dopant. Flexible films of P3HT-TFSI were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with temperature-variant electrical measurements. Given the promising results obtained from ordinary P3HT films by a simple doping treatment, this work suggests the significance of the appropriate choice of dopants and/or counterions, as well as the polymers themselves.
Co-reporter:Jing Zhang ; Jiahui Tan ; Zhiying Ma ; Wei Xu ; Guangyao Zhao ; Hua Geng ; Chong’an Di ; Wenping Hu ; Zhigang Shuai ; Kamaljit Singh
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 Volume 135(Issue 2) pp:558-561
Publication Date(Web):December 28, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ja310098k
Fullerene/sulfur-bridged annulene cocrystals with a two-dimensional segregated alternating layer structure were prepared by a simple solution process. Single-crystal analysis revealed the existence of continuing π–π interactions in both the donor and acceptor layers, which serve as transport paths for holes and electrons separately. The ambipolar transport behaviors were demonstrated with single-crystal field-effect transistors and rationalized by quantum calculations. Meanwhile, preliminary photoresponsivity was observed with the transistor configuration.
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao ; Yunlong Guo ; Chunmeng Yu ; Fengjiao Zhang ; Wei Xu ; Yunqi Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 Volume 134(Issue 9) pp:4084-4087
Publication Date(Web):February 21, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ja3003183
We report the synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-containing quinoidal small molecules as highly efficient n-type organic semiconductors in thin film transistors (TFTs). The first two representatives of these species exhibit maximum electron mobility up to 0.55 cm2 V–1 s–1 with current on/current off (Ion/Ioff) values of 106 for 1 by vapor evaporation, and 0.35 cm2 V–1 s–1 with Ion/Ioff values of 105–106 for 2 by solution process in air, which is the first demonstration of DPP-based small molecules offering only electron transport characteristics in TFT devices. The results indicate that incorporation of a DPP moiety to construct quinoidal architecture is an effective approach to enhance the charge-transport capability.
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao, Zhongming Wei, Chad Risko, Hong Li, Jean-Luc Brédas, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 4) pp:1313-1325
Publication Date(Web):18 Nov 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1JM13962B
We report the synthesis and characterization of a bis-dibenzothiophene cyclic dimer containing bis-ethylene linkages (DBT-CM) and of the corresponding mono-ethylene-linked ‘linear’ cis- and trans-isomers (ciscisciscis- and transtranstrans-DBT-LM, respectively). The varied molecular architectures lead to notable differences both in terms of the solid-state packing and the molecular electronic and optical properties. X-ray crystallography reveals that the cyclic architecture of DBT-CM leads to a more densely packed stacking configuration that imparts stronger intermolecular electronic coupling for both hole and electron transport amongst adjacent molecules, while characterization of the thin-film morphology and crystallinity uncovers important temperature-dependent properties of the films as a function of the molecular architecture. Moreover, the redox, electronic structure, and optical properties of DBT-CM vary distinctly from those of its linear counterparts. The intramolecular reorganization energies for hole and electron transport for DBT-CM are markedly smaller than the linear counterparts, while the dispersion for the highest valence band (and the intermolecular electronic coupling for hole transport) is the largest for the series. The more favorable molecular packing/morphology characteristics and charge-transport properties (within the Marcus framework) of DBT-CM manifest themselves in thin-film field-effect transistor studies, where a field-effect hole-carrier mobility 0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1 is measured, a value one-order-of-magnitude larger than either linear analog.
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao, Jing Zhang, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:5706-5714
Publication Date(Web):13 Feb 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM16700J
We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of pyrrole-containing quinoids endcapped with dicyanomethylene groups. The modification of the quinoidal core structure through incorporating pyrrole unit presents two main advantages: firstly, N-alkyl substituents of pyrrole can serve as solubilizing groups for the realization of solution-processability; secondly, the variation of N-alkyl substituents is easily achieved and thus greatly enriches the number of species in such a series of materials. Additionally, the retained quinoidal core structure as well as the electron-withdrawing endcapped group ensures a sufficiently low LUMO energy level (ca. 4.30–4.39 eV below the vacuum level), meeting the requirement for air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors. X-ray crystallographic data of 3b reveals that except for the branched alkyl substituent, the whole molecule shows high planarity by assuming a rarely observed syn conformation. Solution-processed OFETs based on such pyrrole-containing quinoids showed typical n-channel FET characteristics under ambient conditions, with a maximum electron mobility up to 0.014 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff values of ca. 104, indicating that this series of materials are promising candidates for solution processable n-channel semiconductors, and adopting a pyrrole moiety to the construct the quinoidal core structure provides an efficient approach to the development of novel n-channel organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Yunbin Hu, Yunke Qin, Xike Gao, Fengjiao Zhang, Chong-an Di, Zheng Zhao, Hongxiang Li, and Daoben Zhu
Organic Letters 2012 Volume 14(Issue 1) pp:292-295
Publication Date(Web):December 9, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ol203059r
A mild and versatile one-pot synthesis of core-expanded naphthalene diimides has been developed, which undergoes a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction and then an imidization reaction, allowing an easy and low-cost access to diverse n-type organic materials. Some newly synthesized compounds by this one-pot operation exhibited high electron mobility of up to 0.70 cm2 V–1 s–1 in ambient conditions.
Co-reporter:Jien Yang, Chunjie Zhou, Chao Liu, Yuliang Li, Huibiao Liu, Yongjun Li and Daoben Zhu
Analyst 2012 vol. 137(Issue 6) pp:1446-1450
Publication Date(Web):07 Feb 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2AN16148F
This study demonstrated a simple and reliable method to rapidly detect Pb2+ in aqueous solution, exploiting gold nanoparticles as a lead ion probe; the results indicated that the dual channels sensor showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Pb2+ as low as ppm levels in aqueous environment.
Co-reporter:Jing Zhang, Hongfei Zhu, Lei Zhang, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu, Yunqi Liu, Daoben Zhu
Organic Electronics 2012 Volume 13(Issue 5) pp:733-736
Publication Date(Web):May 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2012.01.018
A solution-based transparent polymer was investigated as the gate dielectric for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Organic thin films (400 nm) are readily fabricated by spin-coating a polyhydrazide solution under ambient conditions on the ITO substrates, followed by annealing at a low temperature (120 °C). The smooth transparent dielectrics exhibited excellent insulating properties with very low leakage current densities of ∼10−8 A/cm2. High performance OFETs with evaporated pentacene as organic semiconductor function at a low operate voltage (−15 V). The mobility could reach as high as 0.7 cm2/Vs and on/off current ratio up to 104. Solution-processed TIPS-pentacene OFETs also work well with this polymer dielectric.Graphical abstractHighlights► We demonstrated a solution-based transparent polymer as the gate dielectric for OFETs. ► The smooth transparent dielectrics exhibited excellent insulating properties. ► High performance OFETs were achieved with this polymer dielectric.
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Fei Jiao, Jing Zhang, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Synthetic Metals 2012 Volume 162(9–10) pp:788-793
Publication Date(Web):June 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.03.003
The thermoelectric property of doped films of a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polythiophene poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) PBTTT-C14 was studied for the first time. Drop-casted films of PBTTT-C14, annealed or not, were doped by nitrosonium phosphate NOPF6 and their thermoelectric performance was compared. Power factor of the doped films was increased by a factor of three at room temperature when pristine films were thermally annealed. Both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of doped films benefited from the annealing process. Films with and without thermal annealing were characterized by ultraviolet–visible near-infrared (UV–vis NIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both before and after being doped. Improvement in structure order caused by annealing was verified in pristine films. Furthermore, the ordered structure in annealed films was largely retained after the doping treatment. The higher structure order in pristine films with annealing and the preservation of structure feature in the annealed films throughout the doping process were suggested to lead to higher bulk mobility which accounted for the enhanced power factor.Graphical abstractHighlights► The thermoelectric property of doped films of a polythiophene is reported. ► Power factor of the films was increased by a thermal annealing process. ► The highly ordered structure of annealed films was almost intact after doping. ► The carrier concentrations of films with and without annealing were comparable.
Co-reporter:Quanshan Wen;Chunlei Zhu;Libing Liu;Qiong Yang;Shu Wang
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2012 Volume 213( Issue 23) pp:2486-2491
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/macp.201200419
Abstract
A new bifunctional cationic conjugated polyfluorene derivative (PFPBOH) containing phenylboronic acid group has been synthesized and characterized. The phenylfluorenyl backbone and positively charged groups in the side chain give the polymer PFPBOH excellent fluorescence property and good water solubility. Phenylboronic acid moieties on the side chain of the polymer form cyclic esters with adjacent diols on cell membrane, which can be employed in cell imaging. Besides that, the fluorescence of PFPBOH can be quenched by p-nitroaniline released via enzyme reaction, thus, the polymer can be used for γ-glutamyltranspeptidase detection through a fluorescence “turn off” mechanism. These findings exhibit great potential for developing multifunctional polymer materials for simultaneous imaging and detection.
Co-reporter:Yun Zhao, Kejian Jiang, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Tetrahedron 2012 68(44) pp: 9113-9118
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.027
Co-reporter:Hongke Wang, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Tetrahedron 2012 68(42) pp: 8719-8723
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.026
Co-reporter:Yun Zhao, Changqing Ye, Yali Qiao, Wei Xu, Yanlin Song, Daoben Zhu
Tetrahedron 2012 68(5) pp: 1547-1551
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.007
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang
Science China Chemistry 2012 Volume 55( Issue 6) pp:883-892
Publication Date(Web):2012 June
DOI:10.1007/s11426-012-4568-z
Molecular-based conducting magnet or magnetic conductor, is an overlap of organic conductor and molecular magnet. Due to the existence of ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and quantum magnetism in insulated charge-transfer salt, it becomes a common sense that magnetism is not good for conductivity. After the discovery of first molecular-based metallic ferromagnet, molecular-based conducting magnet with π-unit from organic conductor and magnetism from coordination counterion became a hot area. The metallic ferromagnet, semiconductor room-temperature ferrimagnet, metallic weak ferromagnet and superconducting antiferromagnet have been discovered. The new molecular-based conducting magnet with higher conductivity and higher magnetic ordering temperature is expected.
Co-reporter:Hongtao Zhang, Xuefeng Guo, Jingshu Hui, Shuxin Hu, Wei Xu, and Daoben Zhu
Nano Letters 2011 Volume 11(Issue 11) pp:4939-4946
Publication Date(Web):October 19, 2011
DOI:10.1021/nl2028798
Interface modification is an effective and promising route for developing functional organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this context, however, researchers have not created a reliable method of functionalizing the interfaces existing in OFETs, although this has been crucial for the technological development of high-performance CMOS circuits. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach that enables us to reversibly photocontrol the carrier density at the interface by using photochromic spiropyran (SP) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) sandwiched between active semiconductors and gate insulators. Reversible changes in dipole moment of SPs in SAMs triggered by lights with different wavelengths produce two distinct built-in electric fields on the OFET that can modulate the channel conductance and consequently threshold voltage values, thus leading to a low-cost noninvasive memory device. This concept of interface functionalization offers attractive new prospects for the development of organic electronic devices with tailored electronic and other properties.
Co-reporter:Jing Zhang;Yan Zhao;Zhongming Wei;Yimeng Sun;Yudong He;Chong-an Di;Wei Xu;Wenping Hu;Yunqi Liu
Advanced Functional Materials 2011 Volume 21( Issue 4) pp:786-791
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201001583
Abstract
A graphite thin film was investigated as the drain and source electrodes for bottom-contact organic field-effect transistors (BC OFETs). Highly conducting electrodes (102 S cm−1) at room temperature were obtained from pyrolyzed poly(l,3,4-oxadiazole) (PPOD) thin films that were prepatterned with a low-cost inkjet printing method. Compared to the devices with traditional Au electrodes, the BC OFETs showed rather high performances when using these source/drain electrodes without any further modification. Being based on a graphite-like material these electrodes possess excellent compatibility and proper energy matching with both p- and n-type organic semiconductors, which results in an improved electrode/organic-layer contact and homogeneous morphology of the organic semiconductors in the conducting channel, and finally a significant reduction of the contact resistance and enhancement of the charge-carrier mobility of the devices is displayed. This work demonstrates that with the advantages of low-cost, high-performance, and printability, PPOD could serve as an excellent electrode material for BC OFETs.
Co-reporter:Qinghe Wu, Rongjin Li, Wei Hong, Hongxiang Li, Xike Gao, and Daoben Zhu
Chemistry of Materials 2011 Volume 23(Issue 13) pp:3138
Publication Date(Web):June 13, 2011
DOI:10.1021/cm201326c
Co-reporter:Xiaodong Yin, Yongjun Li, Yulan Zhu, Yuhe Kan, Yuliang Li, and Daoben Zhu
Organic Letters 2011 Volume 13(Issue 6) pp:1520-1523
Publication Date(Web):February 24, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ol200213h
A novel pentalene-centered polycyclic 24π-electron system, IB1, was synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed homocoupling reaction. The geometry structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and theoretical method. The HOMO level of IB1 was studied by electrochemical experiment and DFT methods. The IB1 molecule shows a strong electro-donating property and can form a charge transfer complex with electro-acceptor TCNQ, indicating fascinating potential in the field of organic electronics.
Co-reporter:Zhiming Duan, Yan Zhang, Bin Zhang and Daoben Zhu
CrystEngComm 2011 vol. 13(Issue 22) pp:6801-6810
Publication Date(Web):14 Sep 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1CE05668A
A family of coordination compounds: CoBr2(1,4-dioxane)2 (1), CoBr2(1,4-dioxane)2(H2O)2 (2), CoBr2(1,4-dioxane)3(H2O)4 (3) and CoBr2(1,4-dioxane)2(H2O)4 (4 (C 2/c) and 5 (I 41/a)) with different dimensions have been crystallized from a solution of CH3OH/1,4-dioxane. The solvent-mediated transformation was observed from the blue kinetically favored 2D compound 1 to the red metastable 1D compound 2, 0D compound 3, and finally to the thermodynamically stable 0D compounds 4 and 5. The hydrogen bonds played a key role in the formation of the different networks of 2–5 with the increasing of the coordinated water molecules. The magnetic measurements showed that 1 was a canted antiferromagnet, and 3–5 acted as antiferromagnets.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jinbiao Zhang, Xiang Hao and Daoben Zhu
Dalton Transactions 2011 vol. 40(Issue 20) pp:5430-5432
Publication Date(Web):18 Apr 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1DT10346F
An oxalato-based cage compound Mn(C2O4)(H2O)0.25 was obtained using a solvothermal method. Mn is pentagonal bipyramidal coordinated with O from oxalato with three-atom and one-atom bridges. There are hydrogen bonds between the framework and clathrated H2O. A 3D long-range magnetic ordering was observed at 10.9 K.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Dongwei Wang, Daoben Zhu
Polyhedron 2011 30(18) pp: 3145-3150
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2011.03.023
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao, Jing Zhang, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Tetrahedron 2011 67(19) pp: 3395-3405
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.055
Co-reporter:Xuli Feng, Libing Liu, Shu Wang and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Society Reviews 2010 vol. 39(Issue 7) pp:2411-2419
Publication Date(Web):05 Mar 2010
DOI:10.1039/B909065G
Over the past decades, water-soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) have gained increasing attention as optical platforms for sensitive detection of biomacromolecules (DNA, protein and cell) due to the amplification of fluorescent signals. To meet the requirement for high throughput assays, chip and microarray techniques based on CPs have also been developed. Very recently, fluorescence imaging in vivo and at the cellular level have also been successfully accomplished using these water-soluble CPs. In this tutorial review, we provide a brief review of the synthesis and optical properties of CPs, focusing especially on their applications in biosensors and cell imaging.
Co-reporter:Hui Lin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2010 vol. 20(Issue 5) pp:884-890
Publication Date(Web):07 Dec 2009
DOI:10.1039/B913149C
A new photochromic compound 1,2-Bis (3,5-dimethyl dithioene [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene -2-yl) perfluorocyclopentene (BDDTP) was synthesized with an improved procedure. The photochromic reaction of this compound was investigated by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical characterizations in solution. Thin films of BDDTP were prepared using Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technology. A photobleaching reaction accompanied by conductance changes was observed when LB films were prepared from the BDDTP solution in a photostationary state under UV photoirradiation. Quantum chemical simulations were applied for understanding the color changes in the photochromic reaction.
Co-reporter:Zhongming Wei, Hongxia Xi, Huanli Dong, Linjun Wang, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2010 vol. 20(Issue 6) pp:1203-1207
Publication Date(Web):21 Dec 2009
DOI:10.1039/B918874F
The mobilities of the solution-processed n-type organic semiconductor, N,N′-di((Z)-9-octadecene)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-e), were dramatically improved (up to 30 times) by blending with electron donors. The reason can be assigned to the facilitated charge transport due to the increased stack-ordering and crystallinity of the spin-coated thin films after blending. This provides a new way to enhance the performance of existing organic semiconductors by intentional blending.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Mohamedally Kurmoo, Takehiko Mori, Yan Zhang, Francis Laurence Pratt and Daoben Zhu
Crystal Growth & Design 2010 Volume 10(Issue 2) pp:782
Publication Date(Web):December 11, 2009
DOI:10.1021/cg9011718
Two polymorphic hybrid organic−inorganic bilayered magnetic conductors (BEDT-TTF)3(FeCl4)2 (I and II) (BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) were obtained by the diffusion method. I crystallizes in a monoclinic system with cell parameters: a = 55.9187(7) Å, b = 6.7424(1) Å, c = 14.9057(3) Å, β = 101.056(1)°, V = 5515.5(2) Å3, Z = 4, and C2/c at 290 K, and it transforms to a triclinic system at 220 K: a = 13.4440(2) Å, b = 14.6761(2) Å, c = 28.1529(5) Å, α = 100.738(1)°, β = 96.875(1)°, γ = 90.017(1)°, V = 5416.8(2) Å3, Z = 4 and P1̅ which is stable to 110 K. II crystallizes in a triclinic system with cell parameters: a = 6.7396(3) Å, b = 9.9640(5) Å, c = 21.132(1) Å, α = 79.536(2)°, β = 81.032(2)°, γ = 81.066(3)°, V = 1367.3(1) Å3, Z = 1, and P1̅ at 290 K. They both contain two donor layers having formal charge of BEDT-TTF+0.5 in layer-A and BEDT-TTF+1.0 in layer-B. The donor arrangements in layer-A are δ-type in I and β′-type in II, while the donor arrangements in layer-B and anion arrangements in I and II are also different. Layer-A is separated from layer-B by FeCl4−. The energy band calculation indicates a Peierls-like metal−insulator transition in the transverse direction at 220 K in I (σ300Κ = 120 S·cm−1), and a Mott insulating state in II (σ300Κ = 10−2 S·cm−1 and Eα = 0.2 eV). The presence of π−d interactions between donors and anions results in the magnetic anomalies observed at 4.8 K in I and 2.7 K in II.
Co-reporter:Hongxia Xi, Zhongming Wei, Wei Xu, Zhishan Bo, Wenping Hu, Daoben Zhu
Chemical Physics Letters 2010 Volume 485(1–3) pp:263
Publication Date(Web):18 January 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.048
Co-reporter:Yimeng Sun, Zhongming Wei, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Synthetic Metals 2010 Volume 160(21–22) pp:2371-2376
Publication Date(Web):November 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.09.014
β-Naphthalene sulfonic acid doped polyaniline nanotubes (PANI NT) was synthesized, a sample without specific nanostructure was prepared as a reference. Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity of both samples were studied. For a PANI NT prepared with an aniline/NSA ratio of 4:1, the Seebeck coefficient had a value of 212.4 μV/K at 300 K, which was 7 times higher than that of the reference sample. Meanwhile, electrical conductivity almost doubled, changed from 0.0045 to 0.0077 S/cm, while the thermal conductivity reduced by 27.5%, dropped from 0.29 to 0.21 W/m K. Finally, thermoelectric performance was evaluated by calculating the thermoelectric power factor and figure of merit, and there was a two orders of magnitude's increase for the tube-like PANI. A series of PANI NTs prepared under different aniline/NSA ratio were also investigated for searching an optimized performance. Tubular nanostructure was proved to be effective for enhancing the thermoelectric performance. This idea might be applicable to other organic thermoelectric materials as well.
Co-reporter:Yang Cao;Zhongming Wei;Song Liu;Lin Gan;Xuefeng Guo ;Wei Xu ;MichaelL. Steigerwald;Zhongfan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2010 Volume 49( Issue 36) pp:6319-6323
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201001683
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang ;Yan Zhang
Chemistry - A European Journal 2010 Volume 16( Issue 33) pp:9994-9997
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/chem.201001398
Co-reporter:Zhiming Duan ; Yan Zhang ; Bin Zhang
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009 Volume 131(Issue 20) pp:6934-6935
Publication Date(Web):April 29, 2009
DOI:10.1021/ja902101x
Pink crystals composed of antiferromagnetic chains (1) can be transformed into blue crystals composed of a ferromagnetic diamondoid framework (2) with structural and magnetic changes.
Co-reporter:Chong-an Di, Gui Yu, Yunqi Liu, Yunlong Guo, Xiangnan Sun, Jian Zheng, Yugeng Wen, Weiping Wu and Daoben Zhu
Chemistry of Materials 2009 Volume 21(Issue 20) pp:4873
Publication Date(Web):October 2, 2009
DOI:10.1021/cm902594y
The patterning of an organic layer, a big challenge for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have recently received considerable attention. By using copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (Cu-TCNQ) modified copper electrodes with nanostructure, selective polycrystalline growth of organic semiconductors is achieved. For different organic semiconductors, varied ways for crystal growth are observed. The OFETs based on selectively deposited tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), rubrene, and copper phthalocyanine crystals are fabricated and exhibit good device performance. Rubrene devices exhibit maximum field-effect mobility up to 4.6 cm2/(V·s) which is comparable to that of corresponding single crystal device. In addition, an organic inverter made of patterned rubrene and TCNQ exhibits a gain of 23. These results offer a general approach to the fabrication of high performance OFETs and organic circuits.
Co-reporter:Hongxia Xi, Zhongming Wei, Wei Xu, Zhishan Bo, Wenping Hu, Daoben Zhu
Chemical Physics Letters 2009 Volume 484(1–3) pp:41-43
Publication Date(Web):8 December 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.091
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) based on tetrathia[22]annulene[2,1,2,1] (TTA)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) heterojunction were fabricated and investigated. The optimized device performance displayed a power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.23% with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.16 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 3.1 mA/cm2 and the fill factor (FF) of 0.46.
Co-reporter:Zhiming Duan, Zhongming Wei, Wei Xu, Daoben Zhu
Tetrahedron Letters 2009 50(21) pp: 2597-2600
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.101
Co-reporter:Hui Lin;Zhongming Wei;Junfeng Xiang Dr.;Wei Xu Dr.
ChemPhysChem 2009 Volume 10( Issue 12) pp:1996-1999
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/cphc.200900232
Co-reporter:Zhongming Wei, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu and Daoben Zhu
Langmuir 2009 Volume 25(Issue 6) pp:3349-3351
Publication Date(Web):February 12, 2009
DOI:10.1021/la804200f
The Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique was used to deposit a monolayer on the gate insulator to identify the role of the monolayer in the organic transistors. Ambipolar transistors were obtained on the basis of the CuPc LB monolayer and F16CuPc films. The results proved that a single molecular layer is enough to show field-effect performance. Moreover, the preorganized LB monolayer led to the alignment of subsequent molecules deposited on it through intermolecular π−π interactions.
Co-reporter:Wei Hong, Zhongming Wei, Hongxia Xi, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu, Quanrui Wang and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2008 vol. 18(Issue 40) pp:4814-4820
Publication Date(Web):05 Sep 2008
DOI:10.1039/B809486A
6H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[1,4]benzothiazine (PBBTZ, 1) and its two 6-substituted derivatives (2 and 3) were conveniently synthesized. Their optical properties were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Good thermal stability was observed by thermogravimetric analysis. X-Ray analysis revealed a coplanar structure and a column stacking in the single crystal of compound 1. OFET measurements showed that 1–3 were p-type semiconductors. The performance of these devices displayed good reproducibility at ambient conditions. When devices containing 1 were fabricated on OTS-treated SiO2/Si substrates at 60 °C, the best performance was achieved with the average hole mobility as high as 0.34 cm2V−1 s−1 and the on/off ratio about 106–107. This performance resulted from the well-ordered molecular packing as revealed by XRD and AFM analysis.
Co-reporter:Zhiming Duan ; Yan Zhang ; Bin Zhang
Inorganic Chemistry 2008 Volume 47(Issue 20) pp:9152-9154
Publication Date(Web):September 25, 2008
DOI:10.1021/ic801544r
A centrosymmetric compound consisting of neutral zigzag chains of [Co(C2O4)(HO(CH2)3OH)]n displays strong intrachain antiferromagnetic interaction and 3D weak ferromagnetic ordering at 10.6 K.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jinbiao Zhang, Junchao Li and Daoben Zhu
Dalton Transactions 2008 (Issue 37) pp:5037-5040
Publication Date(Web):01 Aug 2008
DOI:10.1039/B805776A
Solvothermal synthesis of FeCl2·4H2O and H2C2O4·2H2O in methanol at 120 °C yielded yellow plate-like crystals of [Fe(C2O4)(CH3OH)]n. Each iron atom is in a distorted octahedral environment, being bonded to four oxygen atoms from two bisbidentate oxalate anions, one O atom of a chelating oxalate anion and one O atom from a methanol molecule as an oxalate group bridging ligand in a five-coordination mode. The neutral layer of [Fe(C2O4)(CH3OH)]n with a [4,4] net along the ac plane. There is no interaction between layers. A long range magnetic ordering with spin canting at TN ≈ 23 K was observed and confirmed by AC susceptibility measurements.
Co-reporter:Hongxia Xi, Zhongming Wei, Zhiming Duan, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2008 Volume 112(Issue 50) pp:19934-19938
Publication Date(Web):2017-2-22
DOI:10.1021/jp8080673
It has been demonstrated that bulk heterojunction with controlled nanostructures is needed to improve the performance of the organic solar cells. But, simple methods for production of such nanostructure are still rare. We found that when several drops of chloroform, toluene, or acetone were added on the surface of vacuum-deposited CuPC films, nanorods with diameters of about 50 nm could be obtained after the evaporation of the solvent. The size, shape, and orientation of these nanostructures changed with the solvent used. In comparison with the flat bilayer cells, significant increase in photocurrent generation was observed in the bilayer cells based on such nanostructured films with a spin-coated [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester thin film as the acceptor materials. The nanostructures with more ordered orientation that resulted from acetone treating displayed the largest enhancement in the photocurrent generation.
Co-reporter:H. Li;L. Li;Q. Tang;X. Yang;Y. Song;W. Xu;Y. Liu;Z. Shuai;W. Hu;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2007 Volume 19(Issue 18) pp:2613-2617
Publication Date(Web):14 AUG 2007
DOI:10.1002/adma.200700682
High performance organic thin-film transistors were demonstrated based on a cheap, commercially available organic semiconductor, titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), in its α-phase structure. The high performance is due to its ultra close π-stack and favorable edge-on molecular orientation in the films. The high performance, the remarkable stability, low price, nontoxicity, and commercial availability of TiOPc suggest promising prospects in OTFTs.
Co-reporter:Y. Song;Q. Tang;L. Li;Y. Liu;W. Xu;Y. Liu;H. Li;W. Hu;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2007 Volume 19(Issue 18) pp:2624-2628
Publication Date(Web):15 AUG 2007
DOI:10.1002/adma.200700208
Ribbons of an air-stable, n-type organic single-crystal semiconductor, F16CuPc, are used to study photoswitches and phototransistors. High-quality, reversibly switching, fast photoswitches together with strongly photodependent field-effect phototransistors (see figure) of F16CuPc are made. The high light sensitivity and large on/off ratio of the phototransistors realize a new way to detect light and magnify signals in a single organic device, indicating a future in low-cost, ultrahigh density, organic photoelectric integration.
Co-reporter:K. Xiao;Y. Fu;Y. Q. Liu;G. Yu;J. Zhai;L. Jiang;W. P. Hu;Z. G. Shuai;Y. Luo;D. B. Zhu
Advanced Functional Materials 2007 Volume 17(Issue 15) pp:
Publication Date(Web):21 AUG 2007
DOI:10.1002/adfm.200600830
A nanotube diode fabricated from a single C/CNx multiwalled nanotube exhibits a large photocurrent and a large photovoltage under illumination. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the diode indicate a clear rectification effect. By comparing the I–V characteristics of C, CNx, and C/CNx nanotube diodes, we show that the rectifying characteristics of the C/CNx diode arises from the molecular junction formed at the C/CNx interface where the C and CNx segments are chemically bonded. External radiation photochemically generates electrons and holes in the C/CNx nanotube, producing a large photocurrent because of the influence of the strong electric field in the vicinity of the C/CNx junction. These unique photoresponsive characteristics of C/CNx nanotube junction diodes points to potential applications such as photovoltaic devices and photodiodes.
Co-reporter:Yu-Qi Zhang, Jing-Xia Wang, Zhuo-Yu Ji, Wen-Ping Hu, Lei Jiang, Yan-Lin Song and Dao-Ben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2007 vol. 17(Issue 1) pp:90-94
Publication Date(Web):23 Oct 2006
DOI:10.1039/B612905F
Photonic crystal (PC) films were fabricated by self-assembly of colloidal crystals using a vertical deposition method at invariant temperature and humidity. Organic dyes, whose emission wavelengths overlap the photonic stopbands of selected PCs, were deposited on the surface of PC films by thermal evaporation under vacuum. The fluorescence of organic dyes deposited on PCs is obviously enhanced in comparison with that on aluminium films and glass surfaces. There were 41-fold and 20-fold fluorescence enhancements when Rhodamine B base was deposited on the surface of a yellow PC film, compared with that on glass surface and aluminium film respectively, where PCs were utilized as a Bragg reflection mirror. The results show that the PCs are more effective and selective reflection mirrors than aluminium, and have potential applications in optoelectronic and lighting devices.
Co-reporter:Yabin Song, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu, Yunqi Liu, Deqing Zhang and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2007 vol. 17(Issue 42) pp:4483-4491
Publication Date(Web):30 Aug 2007
DOI:10.1039/B708887F
Two novel macrocycles based on triphenylamine (TPA) have been synthesized by McMurry coupling reactions. The cyclic compound 2 consisted of two triphenylamines linked with ethylene bridges bearing two n-butyl chains. The compound 3 was based on N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine (TPD) units with macrocyclic architecture. They were fully characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption and self-assembly properties. The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X-ray analysis. Atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that compound 3 could form interesting fiber-like nanostructures by self-assembly. Both of the compounds can be used as active layers for p-type OFETs. The OFET device based on 2 prepared via a vacuum-deposit method gave a mobility of 2.3 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a current on/off ratio of 105. High quality thin films of 3 were fabricated by spin coating from solution, and gave a mobility of 2.0 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 with a current on/off ratio of 2 × 105. The results showed that the TPA derivatives with cyclic structures might fit better for OFETs. They may provide promising new choices for organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Jian-Ying Zhang, Cai-Ming Liu, De-Qing Zhang, Song Gao, Dao-Ben Zhu
Inorganica Chimica Acta 2007 Volume 360(Issue 11) pp:3553-3559
Publication Date(Web):1 August 2007
DOI:10.1016/j.ica.2007.04.026
Two new binuclear radical complexes derived from a new long nitronyl nitroxide ligand, 2-[4-(5-pyrimidyl)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (4-NITPhPyrim), and M(hfac)2 (M2+ = Cu2+, Mn2+; hfac− = hexafluoroacetylacetonato), [Cu(hfac)2(4-NITPhPyrim)]2 · 4H2O (1) and [Mn(hfac)2(4-NITPhPyrim)]2 · 4H2O (2), were synthesized as well as characterized structurally and magnetically. X-ray analysis indicates that 1 and 2 are rectangle-like centrosymmetric dimer M2L2 complexes. Magnetic measurements indicate that there are two types of magnetic exchanges in 1: the ferromagnetic (FM) exchange between the Cu(II) ion and the directly bonded nitroxide unit (J1 = 24.20 cm−1) and the weak FM exchange of Cu–NIT through the pyrimidine and phenyl rings (J2 = 0.62 cm−1). Besides the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the Mn(II) ion and the directly bonded nitroxide unit (J = −87.61 cm−1), there is a weak FM interaction between the two Mn–NIT pairs (θ = 0.39 K) in 2.The new long nitronyl nitroxide radical ligand, 2-[4-(5-pyrimidyl)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (4-NITPhPyrim), was successfully utilized to construct two new cyclic dimer M2L2 magnetic complexes [Cu(hfac)2(4-NITPhPyrim)]2 · 4H2O (hfac− = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) (1) and [Mn(hfac)2(4-NITPhPyrim)]2 · 4H2O (2).
Co-reporter:Weidong Zhou;Yuliang Li
Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2007 Volume 2(Issue 2) pp:222-229
Publication Date(Web):5 JAN 2007
DOI:10.1002/asia.200600218
In recent years, there has been immense interest in studying nanoscale aggregate structures derived from various polydiacetylenes (PDAs). The motivation for this is not only to understand the fundamental aggregate structures at different scales, but also to explore their potential for future technological applications. PDAs have been made sensitive to external stimuli such as light and chemical entities by incorporating a spectroscopically active moiety or a receptor unit as the head group of the PDA molecule. This makes them suitable for applications such as sensing and actuating. Furthermore, owing to the delocalization of π-conjugated electrons, PDAs have been exploited as good candidates for organic nonlinear optical materials. This Focus Review highlights some of the instructive work done by various groups to develop well-defined one-dimensional assembly systems with a highly structural aspect ratio, which can be directly imaged by microscopic techniques.
Co-reporter:Z. M. Liu;L. C. Cao;L. Fu;Y. Q. Liu;B. X. Han;D. B. Zhu;G. Yu;D. C. Wei
Advanced Materials 2006 Volume 18(Issue 2) pp:181-185
Publication Date(Web):5 DEC 2005
DOI:10.1002/adma.200501324
Based on a simple low-temperature chemical-solution method, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are coated discontinuously with a alumina gate-dielectric shell (see Figure) and application as p-type field-effect transistors is demonstrated. With a coating thickness of 8 nm, the drain current exceeds the gate current by a factor of 104–105, confirming the excellent gate insulation provided by the alumina dielectric.
Co-reporter:Q. Tang;H. Li;M. He;C. Liu;W. Hu;K. Chen;Y. Liu;C. Wang;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2006 Volume 18(Issue 1) pp:65-68
Publication Date(Web):21 NOV 2005
DOI:10.1002/adma.200501654
Single-crystalline submicrometer-sized ribbons of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) have been synthesized (see Figure). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) fabricated using individual ribbons of CuPc exhibit high mobilities and low threshold voltages. These characteristics are highly reproducible and stable, indicating the high quality of the transistors. Moreover, CuPc submicrometer-sized ribbons show excellent flexibility, which may lead to their application in flexible electronics.
Co-reporter:Y. M. Sun;Y. Q. Ma;Y. Q. Liu;Y. Y. Lin;Z. Y. Wang;Y. Wang;C. A. Di;K. Xiao;X. M. Chen;W. F. Qiu;B. Zhang;G. Yu;W. P. Hu;D. B. Zhu
Advanced Functional Materials 2006 Volume 16(Issue 3) pp:
Publication Date(Web):22 DEC 2005
DOI:10.1002/adfm.200500547
A series of new organic semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene as the core are synthesized. Their electronic and optical properties are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compounds exhibit an excellent field-effect performance with a high mobility of 0.42 cm2 V–1 s–1 and an on/off ratio of 5 × 106. XRD patterns reveal these films, grown by vacuum deposition, to be highly crystalline, and SEM reveals well-interconnected, microcrystalline domains in these films at room temperature. TGA and DSC demonstrate that the phenyl-substituted compounds possess excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, weekly shelf-life tests (under ambient conditions) of the OTFTs based on the phenyl-substituted compounds show that the mobility for the bis(diphenyl)-substituted thiophene was almost unchanged for more than two months, indicating a high environmental stability.
Co-reporter:Y. M. Sun;Y. Q. Ma;Y. Q. Liu;Y. Y. Lin;Z. Y. Wang;Y. Wang;C. A. Di;K. Xiao;X. M. Chen;W. F. Qiu;B. Zhang;G. Yu;W. P. Hu;D. B. Zhu
Advanced Functional Materials 2006 Volume 16(Issue 3) pp:
Publication Date(Web):27 JAN 2006
DOI:10.1002/adfm.200690011
A series of new organic semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors using dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene as the core have been synthesized. In work reported by Liu, Zhu, and co-workers on p. 426, the phenyl-substituted compound exhibited a high mobility of 0.42 cm2 V–1 s–1 and an on/off ratio of 5 × 106. Weekly shelf-life tests of the transistors based on the bis(diphenyl)-substituted thiophene under ambient conditions showed that the mobility was almost unchanged after more than two months, demonstrating potential for applications in future organic electronics.
A series of new organic semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene as the core are synthesized. Their electronic and optical properties are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The compounds exhibit an excellent field-effect performance with a high mobility of 0.42 cm2 V–1 s–1 and an on/off ratio of 5 × 106. XRD patterns reveal these films, grown by vacuum deposition, to be highly crystalline, and SEM reveals well-interconnected, microcrystalline domains in these films at room temperature. TGA and DSC demonstrate that the phenyl-substituted compounds possess excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, weekly shelf-life tests (under ambient conditions) of the OTFTs based on the phenyl-substituted compounds show that the mobility for the bis(diphenyl)-substituted thiophene was almost unchanged for more than two months, indicating a high environmental stability.
Co-reporter:Yongjun Li;Xiaofang Li Dr.;Yuliang Li ;Huibiao Liu Dr.;Shu Wang ;Haiyang Gan;Junbo Li;Ning Wang;Xiaorong He
Angewandte Chemie 2006 Volume 118(Issue 22) pp:
Publication Date(Web):27 APR 2006
DOI:10.1002/ange.200600554
Gasgefüllt: Auf Porphyrin basierende Amphiphile können sich zu Multidoppelschichtvesikeln zusammenlagern. Diese Vesikel können in hohle Kapseln und wurmartige Strukturen (siehe Bild) überführt werden, indem die Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit von eingeschlossenem Methanol über die Aufheiztemperatur und das Aufheizschema verändert wird.
Co-reporter:Hongli Ge, Yanlin Song, Lei Jiang, Daoben Zhu
Thin Solid Films 2006 Volume 515(Issue 4) pp:1539-1543
Publication Date(Web):5 December 2006
DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.04.022
The formation of polystyrene (PS) sphere nanostructures through vertical deposition can provide large surface roughness, which effectively enhances the hydrophobicity of the films. Moreover, well-ordered PS sphere arrays bring about structural colors, which can be controlled through the sphere diameter. All the water contact angles of colloidal crystal films prepared from monodisperse PS sphere solutions with diameters from 225 to 605 nm were larger than 120°, showing highly hydrophobic character.
Co-reporter:Weidong Zhou;Yongjun Li ;Yuliang Li;Huibiao Liu;Shu Wang;Cuihong Li;Mingjian Yuan;Xiaofeng Liu
Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2006 Volume 1(Issue 1-2) pp:
Publication Date(Web):10 JUL 2006
DOI:10.1002/asia.200600037
A dual-mode fluorescence switch controlled by external inputs such as protons and metal ions is described, and each state corresponds to a specific fluorescent emission peak. Based on the reversible changes of the fluorescence emission of the switch responding to different external stimuli, the corresponding integrated logic gates and communication networks have been constructed in solid film or in solution.
Co-reporter:Guanxin Zhang Dr.;Deqing Zhang Dr.;Xiaohui Zhao Dipl.-Chem.;Xicheng Ai Dr.;Jianping Zhang Dr. Dr.
Chemistry - A European Journal 2006 Volume 12(Issue 4) pp:
Publication Date(Web):20 OCT 2005
DOI:10.1002/chem.200500524
Due to the unique features of the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit, such as the electron-donating ability and presence of methylthio groups, dyad 1 can be assembled on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles, as indicated by absorption, electrochemical, and fluorescent-spectral studies. Dyad 1 can also be disassembled by the addition of thiols. Assembly of dyad 1 on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles leads to the formation of a triad (A1-D-A2), which in turn modulates the photoinduced electron-transfer process within dyad 1. Accordingly, the fluorescence intensity of dyad 1, after assembly with gold nanoparticles, increases, and the fluorescence lifetime is prolonged. Furthermore, the assembly of dyad 1 on gold nanoparticles facilitates photodimerization of the anthracene units of dyad 1. Both fluorescence and photodimerization are associated with the excited-state behavior of the anthracene unit, thus it may be concluded that the excited-state properties of the anthracene unit can be tuned upon complexation with gold nanoparticles.
Co-reporter:Yongjun Li;Xiaofang Li Dr.;Yuliang Li ;Huibiao Liu Dr.;Shu Wang ;Haiyang Gan;Junbo Li;Ning Wang;Xiaorong He
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2006 Volume 45(Issue 22) pp:
Publication Date(Web):27 APR 2006
DOI:10.1002/anie.200600554
Gas-filled: Porphyrin-based amphiphiles can self-assemble into multibilayer vesicles. These vesicles can be converted into hollow capsules and wormlike structures (see picture) by controlling the release rate of methanol encapsulated through changing the heating temperature and pattern.
Co-reporter:Hongli Ge Dr.;Xiaogong Wang;Guojie Wang;Yaning He;Yanlin Song ;Lei Jiang
ChemPhysChem 2006 Volume 7(Issue 3) pp:575-578
Publication Date(Web):3 FEB 2006
DOI:10.1002/cphc.200500496
Controllable wettability has been achieved in inverse opal, fabricated with a photoresponsive azobenzene monolayer. The surface undergoes reversible changes in wettability on UV/Vis irradiation due to photoisomerization of the monolayer. Adjustment of the air-sphere size of the inverse opal controls both structural color and contact angle (CA) [picture shows SEM image of modified inverse opal and water droplet shapes in the trans (CA=140.8°) and cis states (CA=121.8°)].
Co-reporter:B. Zhang;Z. Wang;H. Fujiwara;H. Kobayashi;M. Kurmoo;K. Inoue;T. Mori;S. Gao;Y. Zhang;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2005 Volume 17(Issue 16) pp:
Publication Date(Web):4 AUG 2005
DOI:10.1002/adma.200500766
A new organic–inorganic hybrid, (TTF+)FeIII(C2O4)Cl2, displaying canted antiferromagnetism has been prepared and characterized, where the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) molecules are face-to-face dimers and the anion is a one-dimensional coordination polymer (see Figure). Due to π–d interactions through short S…Cl and S…O contacts a three-dimensional Néel state is stabilized at the high temperature of 20 K.
Co-reporter:Y. Liu;Z. Ji;Q. Tang;L. Jiang;H. Li;M. He;W. Hu;D. Zhang;L. Jiang;X. Wang;C. Wang;Y. Liu;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2005 Volume 17(Issue 24) pp:
Publication Date(Web):3 NOV 2005
DOI:10.1002/adma.200500809
Nanostructures with tunable size and shapes are produced using a charge-transfer complex, copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ). Surfaces can be coated with the charge-transfer complex nanoparticles (see Figure). These superhydrophobic coatings may be useful for constructing water/moisture-resistant and contamination-free electronic devices.
Co-reporter:Guanglei Cui, Hai Xu, Wei Xu, Guangcui Yuan, Deqing Zhang, Lei Jiang and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2005 (Issue 2) pp:277-278
Publication Date(Web):24 Nov 2004
DOI:10.1039/B413599G
Helical superstructures were obtained through a surface and solution self-assembly process when a semi-fluorinated alkoxysilane modified silicon wafer was immersed in water of pH values ranging from 5.0 to 7.0 for more than one month.
Co-reporter:Haiyan Lu, Wei Xu, Deqing Zhang and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2005 (Issue 38) pp:4777-4779
Publication Date(Web):19 Aug 2005
DOI:10.1039/B509133K
A neutral electrochemical chemosensor 1 based on TTF exhibited high selectivity for H2PO4− over a wide range of anions and the significant C–H⋯O hydrogen bonding between CC–H of the TTF unit and H2PO4− played an important role in regulating the selectivity.
Co-reporter:X. Guo;D. Zhang;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2004 Volume 16(Issue 2) pp:
Publication Date(Web):29 JAN 2004
DOI:10.1002/adma.200306102
Co-reporter:X. Guo;D. Zhang;G. Yu;M. Wan;J. Li;Y. Liu;D. Zhu
Advanced Materials 2004 Volume 16(Issue 7) pp:
Publication Date(Web):20 APR 2004
DOI:10.1002/adma.200305792
Co-reporter:Jie Chen, Jiajia Zhang, Ye Zou, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017 - vol. 5(Issue 20) pp:NaN9896-9896
Publication Date(Web):2017/04/25
DOI:10.1039/C7TA02431B
A narrow-bandgap semiconducting thin film of poly-peri-naphthalene (PPN) has been synthesised via the pyrolysis of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). By tuning the pyrolysis temperature, the bandgap of the PPN film can be adjusted from 0.37 to 0.26 eV. Optimised thermoelectric performance can be achieved at the pyrolytic temperature of 600 °C, at which the power factor reached up to 0.43 μW m−1 K−2, with a Seebeck coefficient of 47 μV K−1 and an electrical conductivity of 1.85 S cm−1. IR and Raman spectra indicate that the structure of the pyrolytic film is similar to that of multilayer graphene or graphene nanoribbons with a narrow bandgap. Since the PPN film has the advantages of a tunable bandgap, low cost, feasibility for large-area fabrication, thermal and chemical stability, and a relatively high performance without further modification, it is a promising carbon-based thermoelectric material and is worth further investigations.
Co-reporter:Ying-Shi Guan, Yunke Qin, Yuanhui Sun, Jie Chen, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2016 - vol. 52(Issue 25) pp:NaN4651-4651
Publication Date(Web):2016/03/01
DOI:10.1039/C6CC01300G
Single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs were fabricated from co-assembled supramolecular nanofibers which comprise TCAT and PDI-13, using a simple gelation method. The co-assembled supramolecular nanoarchitecture was fully characterized by means of optical microscopy, TEM, SEM, 2D-GIWAXS and so on. The devices exhibited typical ambipolar charge transport characteristics with very well-balanced hole and electron mobilities as well as high photoresponsivity under ambient conditions.
Co-reporter:Ying-Shi Guan, Yunke Qin, Yuanhui Sun, Chao Wang, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2015 - vol. 51(Issue 61) pp:NaN12184-12184
Publication Date(Web):2015/06/26
DOI:10.1039/C5CC04711K
Single-bundle nanofiber based OFETs were fabricated from a cyclic conjugated organogelator, using a simple gelation method. The devices exhibited typical p-type semiconductor properties with dominant hole transport both in the dark and upon illumination under ambient conditions.
Co-reporter:Zhongmin Zhou, Yunke Qin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2014 - vol. 50(Issue 31) pp:NaN4084-4084
Publication Date(Web):2014/02/25
DOI:10.1039/C4CC00741G
A π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) containing a conjugated pentacene moiety showed a large binding affinity toward C60 in solution. The crystal structure analysis of the cocrystal formed by this exTTF and C60 revealed that strong π–π interactions existed between C60 and naphthalene and 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene units.
Co-reporter:Fei Jiao, Fengjiao Zhang, Yaping Zang, Ye Zou, Chong'an Di, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Communications 2014 - vol. 50(Issue 18) pp:NaN2376-2376
Publication Date(Web):2014/01/09
DOI:10.1039/C3CC49448A
Ultrathin carbon films were prepared by carbonization of a solution processed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film in a moderate temperature range (500–700 °C). The films displayed balanced hole (0.50 cm2 V−1 s−1) and electron mobilities (0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1) under ambient conditions. Spectral characterization revealed that the electrical transport is due to the formation of sp2 hybridized carbon during the carbonization process. A CMOS-like inverter demonstrated the potential application of this material in the area of carbon electronics, considering its processability and low-cost.
Co-reporter:Xuli Feng, Libing Liu, Shu Wang and Daoben Zhu
Chemical Society Reviews 2010 - vol. 39(Issue 7) pp:NaN2419-2419
Publication Date(Web):2010/03/05
DOI:10.1039/B909065G
Over the past decades, water-soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) have gained increasing attention as optical platforms for sensitive detection of biomacromolecules (DNA, protein and cell) due to the amplification of fluorescent signals. To meet the requirement for high throughput assays, chip and microarray techniques based on CPs have also been developed. Very recently, fluorescence imaging in vivo and at the cellular level have also been successfully accomplished using these water-soluble CPs. In this tutorial review, we provide a brief review of the synthesis and optical properties of CPs, focusing especially on their applications in biosensors and cell imaging.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jinbiao Zhang, Xiang Hao and Daoben Zhu
Dalton Transactions 2011 - vol. 40(Issue 20) pp:NaN5432-5432
Publication Date(Web):2011/04/18
DOI:10.1039/C1DT10346F
An oxalato-based cage compound Mn(C2O4)(H2O)0.25 was obtained using a solvothermal method. Mn is pentagonal bipyramidal coordinated with O from oxalato with three-atom and one-atom bridges. There are hydrogen bonds between the framework and clathrated H2O. A 3D long-range magnetic ordering was observed at 10.9 K.
Co-reporter:Bin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Jinbiao Zhang, Junchao Li and Daoben Zhu
Dalton Transactions 2008(Issue 37) pp:NaN5040-5040
Publication Date(Web):2008/08/01
DOI:10.1039/B805776A
Solvothermal synthesis of FeCl2·4H2O and H2C2O4·2H2O in methanol at 120 °C yielded yellow plate-like crystals of [Fe(C2O4)(CH3OH)]n. Each iron atom is in a distorted octahedral environment, being bonded to four oxygen atoms from two bisbidentate oxalate anions, one O atom of a chelating oxalate anion and one O atom from a methanol molecule as an oxalate group bridging ligand in a five-coordination mode. The neutral layer of [Fe(C2O4)(CH3OH)]n with a [4,4] net along the ac plane. There is no interaction between layers. A long range magnetic ordering with spin canting at TN ≈ 23 K was observed and confirmed by AC susceptibility measurements.
Co-reporter:Qian Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Yunke Qin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 - vol. 4(Issue 4) pp:NaN1439-1439
Publication Date(Web):2015/12/17
DOI:10.1039/C5TA07526B
Doping and thermoelectric properties of two solution-processable conjugated polymers with low ionization potentials (IPs) have been studied and compared. An optimized thermoelectric power factor (PF) approaching 40 μW m−1 K−2 at 390 K was achieved in films of polymer PDTPT-C12, by performing doping treatment with LiTFSI solution in air, while an optimized thermoelectric power factor around 12 μW m−1 K−2 at 390 K was observed when CuTFSI2 solution was used instead of LiTFSI. In contrast, such effects on thermoelectric performance as a result of dopant species were not observed in the other studied polymer PTVT2T-C12 with comparable IP. Based on the results of thermoelectric measurements and optical spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy, the role of Li+ in the resultant thermoelectric performance was proposed. Moreover, owing to the relatively low IPs of the two studied polymers, the as-doped polymer films are reasonably stable under ambient conditions. Therefore, N-alkyl dithieno[3,2b:2′,3′-d] pyrroles (DTPs) as exemplified in the case of PDTPT-C12 are suggested to be promising building-blocks and the incorporation of small cations like Li+ may be an alternative to increase the thermopower in solid state devices.
Co-reporter:Yuanhui Sun, Fengjiao Zhang, Yimeng Sun, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 6) pp:NaN2683-2683
Publication Date(Web):2014/12/08
DOI:10.1039/C4TA06475E
We report the synthesis and thermoelectric (TE) performance of organometallic coordination polymers, including copper 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane nanocrystals (NC-CuTCNQ) and thin films of CuTCNQ nanorod arrays (NrA-CuTCNQ). The characterization of NC-CuTCNQ was carried out with the compressed samples. For NrA-CuTCNQ films, the TE properties were investigated with a hybrid Au/Cu/CuTCNQ/Au architecture along the direction either vertical or parallel to the film surface and obviously anisotropic behaviors were observed. We found that CuTCNQ can be a potential n-type material for future application in thermoelectric devices with a power factor of 1.5 μW m−1 K−2, accompanied by a high Seebeck coefficient of −632 μV K−1 at 370 K. In order to optimize its TE performance, a cousin molecule 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) was mixed with TCNQ reacted with CuI. We found that the CuTCNQ blend possessed the highest power factor of 2.5 μW m−1 K−2 with a 1 mol% blend ratio of F4TCNQ (related to TCNQ) at 370 K.
Co-reporter:Gaobo Lin, Yunke Qin, Jiajia Zhang, Ying-Shi Guan, Hai Xu, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 - vol. 4(Issue 20) pp:NaN4477-4477
Publication Date(Web):2016/03/30
DOI:10.1039/C6TC00687F
We report the synthesis and characterization of two new DPP-based small molecules, BTDPPCN and TTDPPCN. By variation of π-conjugating spacers from bithiophene to thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, a lower LUMO level is obtained for TTDPPCN, but both compounds have a similar band gap of about 1.6 eV. Under ambient conditions, the excellent ambipolarity of BTDPPCN is demonstrated by balanced charge carrier mobilities of 0.065 and 0.031 cm2 V−1 s−1 for n- and p-channels after thermal annealing. The FETs based on TTDPPCN films also showed ambipolar charge transport properties with a very high electron mobility of 0.80 cm2 V−1 s−1 upon thermal annealing at 90 °C and a hole mobility of 0.024 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 150 °C.
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao, Jing Zhang, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:NaN5714-5714
Publication Date(Web):2012/02/13
DOI:10.1039/C2JM16700J
We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of pyrrole-containing quinoids endcapped with dicyanomethylene groups. The modification of the quinoidal core structure through incorporating pyrrole unit presents two main advantages: firstly, N-alkyl substituents of pyrrole can serve as solubilizing groups for the realization of solution-processability; secondly, the variation of N-alkyl substituents is easily achieved and thus greatly enriches the number of species in such a series of materials. Additionally, the retained quinoidal core structure as well as the electron-withdrawing endcapped group ensures a sufficiently low LUMO energy level (ca. 4.30–4.39 eV below the vacuum level), meeting the requirement for air-stable n-channel organic semiconductors. X-ray crystallographic data of 3b reveals that except for the branched alkyl substituent, the whole molecule shows high planarity by assuming a rarely observed syn conformation. Solution-processed OFETs based on such pyrrole-containing quinoids showed typical n-channel FET characteristics under ambient conditions, with a maximum electron mobility up to 0.014 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff values of ca. 104, indicating that this series of materials are promising candidates for solution processable n-channel semiconductors, and adopting a pyrrole moiety to the construct the quinoidal core structure provides an efficient approach to the development of novel n-channel organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Jing Zhang, Guangyao Zhao, Yunke Qin, Jiahui Tan, Hua Geng, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu, Zhigang Shuai and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014 - vol. 2(Issue 42) pp:NaN8891-8891
Publication Date(Web):2014/09/03
DOI:10.1039/C4TC01876A
By introducing naphthalene diimide into the meso-diphenyl tetrathia[22]annulene[2,1,2,1], a natural donor–acceptor co-crystal was prepared. In this co-crystal, donor and acceptor alternatingly stack into one-dimensional columns along the π–π stacking direction. With π–π interaction among the donor molecules, no effective π–π overlapping between DPNDIs in the acceptor columns was observed. Microcrystal transistor devices based on this D–A co-crystal displayed higher hole transport performance compared to the pristine crystals of donor molecules. Quantum calculation confirmed the absence of electron transport pathways and the super exchange between the adjacent donor and acceptor. From the diversity and versatility of the donor and acceptor used, we believe that the strategy developed here would be readily employed to tune the charge transport of organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Hongtao Liu, Lei Zhang, Yunlong Guo, Cheng Cheng, Lianjiang Yang, Lang Jiang, Gui Yu, Wenping Hu, Yunqi Liu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013 - vol. 1(Issue 18) pp:NaN3109-3109
Publication Date(Web):2013/02/27
DOI:10.1039/C3TC00067B
A novel reducing reagent, Lawesson's reagent (LR), is used to directly reduce graphene oxide (GO) films and single GO sheets. The as-prepared reduced graphene oxide (GOLR) is fully characterized by XPS, Raman, FTIR, 13C NMR and XRD. Most of the oxygen-containing groups are efficiently removed by LR and the conjugated graphene networks are restored. Highly conductive GOLR films and sheets are obtained. As a proof of concept, thin film field-effect transistors based on pentacene using patterned GOLR films as electrodes are fabricated and show high performances. Common cotton threads coated with GOLR can be used as flexible connecting wires to illuminate commercial light-emitting diodes. After low temperature annealing, such as 300 °C, higher conductivity and mobility of GOLR are obtained due to the removal of additional oxygen groups and better ordering of graphene sheets.
Co-reporter:Yali Qiao, Zhongming Wei, Chad Risko, Hong Li, Jean-Luc Brédas, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 4) pp:NaN1325-1325
Publication Date(Web):2011/11/18
DOI:10.1039/C1JM13962B
We report the synthesis and characterization of a bis-dibenzothiophene cyclic dimer containing bis-ethylene linkages (DBT-CM) and of the corresponding mono-ethylene-linked ‘linear’ cis- and trans-isomers (ciscisciscis- and transtranstrans-DBT-LM, respectively). The varied molecular architectures lead to notable differences both in terms of the solid-state packing and the molecular electronic and optical properties. X-ray crystallography reveals that the cyclic architecture of DBT-CM leads to a more densely packed stacking configuration that imparts stronger intermolecular electronic coupling for both hole and electron transport amongst adjacent molecules, while characterization of the thin-film morphology and crystallinity uncovers important temperature-dependent properties of the films as a function of the molecular architecture. Moreover, the redox, electronic structure, and optical properties of DBT-CM vary distinctly from those of its linear counterparts. The intramolecular reorganization energies for hole and electron transport for DBT-CM are markedly smaller than the linear counterparts, while the dispersion for the highest valence band (and the intermolecular electronic coupling for hole transport) is the largest for the series. The more favorable molecular packing/morphology characteristics and charge-transport properties (within the Marcus framework) of DBT-CM manifest themselves in thin-film field-effect transistor studies, where a field-effect hole-carrier mobility 0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1 is measured, a value one-order-of-magnitude larger than either linear analog.
Co-reporter:Hui Lin, Wei Xu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2010 - vol. 20(Issue 5) pp:NaN890-890
Publication Date(Web):2009/12/07
DOI:10.1039/B913149C
A new photochromic compound 1,2-Bis (3,5-dimethyl dithioene [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene -2-yl) perfluorocyclopentene (BDDTP) was synthesized with an improved procedure. The photochromic reaction of this compound was investigated by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical characterizations in solution. Thin films of BDDTP were prepared using Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technology. A photobleaching reaction accompanied by conductance changes was observed when LB films were prepared from the BDDTP solution in a photostationary state under UV photoirradiation. Quantum chemical simulations were applied for understanding the color changes in the photochromic reaction.
Co-reporter:Zhongming Wei, Hongxia Xi, Huanli Dong, Linjun Wang, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2010 - vol. 20(Issue 6) pp:NaN1207-1207
Publication Date(Web):2009/12/21
DOI:10.1039/B918874F
The mobilities of the solution-processed n-type organic semiconductor, N,N′-di((Z)-9-octadecene)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-e), were dramatically improved (up to 30 times) by blending with electron donors. The reason can be assigned to the facilitated charge transport due to the increased stack-ordering and crystallinity of the spin-coated thin films after blending. This provides a new way to enhance the performance of existing organic semiconductors by intentional blending.
Co-reporter:Wei Hong, Zhongming Wei, Hongxia Xi, Wei Xu, Wenping Hu, Quanrui Wang and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2008 - vol. 18(Issue 40) pp:NaN4820-4820
Publication Date(Web):2008/09/05
DOI:10.1039/B809486A
6H-Pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[1,4]benzothiazine (PBBTZ, 1) and its two 6-substituted derivatives (2 and 3) were conveniently synthesized. Their optical properties were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Good thermal stability was observed by thermogravimetric analysis. X-Ray analysis revealed a coplanar structure and a column stacking in the single crystal of compound 1. OFET measurements showed that 1–3 were p-type semiconductors. The performance of these devices displayed good reproducibility at ambient conditions. When devices containing 1 were fabricated on OTS-treated SiO2/Si substrates at 60 °C, the best performance was achieved with the average hole mobility as high as 0.34 cm2V−1 s−1 and the on/off ratio about 106–107. This performance resulted from the well-ordered molecular packing as revealed by XRD and AFM analysis.
Co-reporter:Yabin Song, Chong-an Di, Wei Xu, Yunqi Liu, Deqing Zhang and Daoben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2007 - vol. 17(Issue 42) pp:NaN4491-4491
Publication Date(Web):2007/08/30
DOI:10.1039/B708887F
Two novel macrocycles based on triphenylamine (TPA) have been synthesized by McMurry coupling reactions. The cyclic compound 2 consisted of two triphenylamines linked with ethylene bridges bearing two n-butyl chains. The compound 3 was based on N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine (TPD) units with macrocyclic architecture. They were fully characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption and self-assembly properties. The crystal structure of 2 was determined by X-ray analysis. Atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope images showed that compound 3 could form interesting fiber-like nanostructures by self-assembly. Both of the compounds can be used as active layers for p-type OFETs. The OFET device based on 2 prepared via a vacuum-deposit method gave a mobility of 2.3 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a current on/off ratio of 105. High quality thin films of 3 were fabricated by spin coating from solution, and gave a mobility of 2.0 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 with a current on/off ratio of 2 × 105. The results showed that the TPA derivatives with cyclic structures might fit better for OFETs. They may provide promising new choices for organic semiconductors.
Co-reporter:Yu-Qi Zhang, Jing-Xia Wang, Zhuo-Yu Ji, Wen-Ping Hu, Lei Jiang, Yan-Lin Song and Dao-Ben Zhu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2007 - vol. 17(Issue 1) pp:NaN94-94
Publication Date(Web):2006/10/23
DOI:10.1039/B612905F
Photonic crystal (PC) films were fabricated by self-assembly of colloidal crystals using a vertical deposition method at invariant temperature and humidity. Organic dyes, whose emission wavelengths overlap the photonic stopbands of selected PCs, were deposited on the surface of PC films by thermal evaporation under vacuum. The fluorescence of organic dyes deposited on PCs is obviously enhanced in comparison with that on aluminium films and glass surfaces. There were 41-fold and 20-fold fluorescence enhancements when Rhodamine B base was deposited on the surface of a yellow PC film, compared with that on glass surface and aluminium film respectively, where PCs were utilized as a Bragg reflection mirror. The results show that the PCs are more effective and selective reflection mirrors than aluminium, and have potential applications in optoelectronic and lighting devices.
Co-reporter:Yunke Qin, Changli Cheng, Hua Geng, Chao Wang, Wenping Hu, Wei Xu, Zhigang Shuai and Daoben Zhu
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2016 - vol. 18(Issue 20) pp:NaN14103-14103
Publication Date(Web):2016/04/26
DOI:10.1039/C6CP01509C
Comprehensive investigations of crystal structures, electrical transport properties and theoretical simulations have been performed over a series of sulfur-bridged annulene-based donor–acceptor complexes with an alternate stacking motif. A remarkably high mobility, up to 1.57 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes and 0.47 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons, was obtained using organic single crystal field-effect transistor devices, demonstrating the efficient ambipolar transport properties. These ambipolar properties arise from the fact that the electronic couplings for both holes and electrons have the same super-exchange nature along the alternate stacking direction. The magnitude of super-exchange coupling depends not only on the intermolecular stacking distance and pattern, but also the energy level alignments between the adjacent donor–acceptor moieties. The concluded transport mechanism and structure–property relationship from this research will provide an important guideline for the future design of organic semiconductors based on donor–acceptor complexes.
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![4H-Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione, 1,3-bis(4-bromo-2-hexylthieno[3,4-b]thien-6-yl)-5-(2-hexyldecyl)-](/data/chemimg/3777600/1774357-31-1_b.png)
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![1,3-dibromo-5-(n-dodecyl)thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/773900/773881-47-3_b.png)
![Dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene, 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-6,12-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1420071-64-2.png)
![Dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene, 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-6,12-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1420071-64-2_b.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 5-bromo-12-butoxy-2,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/139500/1356240-65-7.png)
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![4H-Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione, 1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-5-(2-ethylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/139500/1286745-60-5_b.png)
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![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-](/data/chemimg/139000/1260685-63-9_b.png)
![3,6-Bis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1246700/1246679-11-7.png)
![3,6-Bis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1246700/1246679-11-7_b.png)
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![Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carbonitrile](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/41000/40985-58-8_b.png)
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![Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene](/data/chemimg/417100/250-65-7.png)
![Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene](/data/chemimg/417100/250-65-7_b.png)
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![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-6-(2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/139400/1308671-90-0.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-6-(2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/139400/1308671-90-0_b.png)
![Benzenamine, 4-(5-[5,5'-bi-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol]-4-yl-3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-N,N-bis[4-(5-[5,5'-bi-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol]-4-yl-3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]-](/data/chemimg/139100/1228663-50-0.png)
![Benzenamine, 4-(5-[5,5'-bi-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol]-4-yl-3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-N,N-bis[4-(5-[5,5'-bi-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol]-4-yl-3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)phenyl]-](/data/chemimg/139100/1228663-50-0_b.png)
![1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1,1'-[(2,5-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis[(1E)-2,1-ethenediyl-4,1-phenylene]]bis-](/data/chemimg/139100/1206186-55-1.png)
![1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1,1'-[(2,5-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis[(1E)-2,1-ethenediyl-4,1-phenylene]]bis-](/data/chemimg/139100/1206186-55-1_b.png)
![Benzene, 1,4-dibutoxy-2,5-bis[(1E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-](/data/chemimg/139100/1206186-53-9.png)
![Benzene, 1,4-dibutoxy-2,5-bis[(1E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-](/data/chemimg/139100/1206186-53-9_b.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/139400/1000623-95-9.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/139400/1000623-95-9_b.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromo-2,7-dioctylbenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/954400/954374-43-7.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromo-2,7-dioctylbenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/954400/954374-43-7_b.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetrone](/data/chemimg/943148-76-3.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetrone](/data/chemimg/943148-76-3_b.png)
![Stannane, 1,1'-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diylbis[1,1,1-tributyl-](/data/chemimg/120600/909280-85-9.png)
![Stannane, 1,1'-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diylbis[1,1,1-tributyl-](/data/chemimg/120600/909280-85-9_b.png)
![Poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/888500/888491-19-8.png)
![Poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/888500/888491-19-8_b.png)
![Benzo[13,14]pentapheno[3,4,5-def:10,9,8-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,10,12(2H,11H)-tetrone, 2,11-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-5,8,14,17-tetrabromo-](/data/chemimg/135700/464885-23-2.png)
![Benzo[13,14]pentapheno[3,4,5-def:10,9,8-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,10,12(2H,11H)-tetrone, 2,11-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-5,8,14,17-tetrabromo-](/data/chemimg/135700/464885-23-2_b.png)
![Benzaldehyde, 4,4'-[(4-bromophenyl)imino]bis-](/data/chemimg/128200/167859-41-8.png)
![Benzaldehyde, 4,4'-[(4-bromophenyl)imino]bis-](/data/chemimg/128200/167859-41-8_b.png)
![10,12-Pentacosadiynamide, N-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/165000/164919-49-7.png)
![10,12-Pentacosadiynamide, N-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/165000/164919-49-7_b.png)
![1,3,2-Dioxaborinane, 2-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/162700/162654-25-3.png)
![1,3,2-Dioxaborinane, 2-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/162700/162654-25-3_b.png)
![[60]PCBA](/data/chemimg/110100/161196-26-5.png)
![[60]PCBA](/data/chemimg/110100/161196-26-5_b.png)
![Benzo[b]thiophene,3-(2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-methyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/152500/152431-65-7.png)
![Benzo[b]thiophene,3-(2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-methyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/152500/152431-65-7_b.png)
![Benzo[b]thiophene, 3-iodo-2-methyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/139700/139625-61-9.png)
![Benzo[b]thiophene, 3-iodo-2-methyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/139700/139625-61-9_b.png)
![Perbromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/124700/124638-53-5.png)
![Perbromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/124700/124638-53-5_b.png)
![[2,2'-Bipyridine]-3,3'-dimethanol](/data/chemimg/3721100/71353-94-1.png)
![[2,2'-Bipyridine]-3,3'-dimethanol](/data/chemimg/3721100/71353-94-1_b.png)
![Benzonitrile, 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-](/data/chemimg/485700/26029-68-5.png)
![Benzonitrile, 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-](/data/chemimg/485700/26029-68-5_b.png)
![2,7-Bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](/data/chemimg/422600/22291-04-9.png)
![2,7-Bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](/data/chemimg/422600/22291-04-9_b.png)
![Anthra[2,3-b]benzo[d]thiophene-7,12-dione](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/13800/13781-50-5.png)
![Anthra[2,3-b]benzo[d]thiophene-7,12-dione](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/13800/13781-50-5_b.png)
![Naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']difuran-1,3,6,8-tetrone](/data/chemimg/3154300/3711-03-3.png)
![Naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']difuran-1,3,6,8-tetrone](/data/chemimg/3154300/3711-03-3_b.png)
![Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene](/data/chemimg/25800/3593-75-7.png)
![Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene](/data/chemimg/25800/3593-75-7_b.png)
![3',6'-Dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/2400/2321-07-5.png)
![3',6'-Dihydroxy-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/2400/2321-07-5_b.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromo-2,7-bis(2-octyldodecyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1219600/1219501-17-3.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromo-2,7-bis(2-octyldodecyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1219600/1219501-17-3_b.png)
![Propanenitrile, 3-[[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)thio]-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3-dithiol-4-yl]thio]-](/data/chemimg/115500/600717-98-4.png)
![Propanenitrile, 3-[[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)thio]-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3-dithiol-4-yl]thio]-](/data/chemimg/115500/600717-98-4_b.png)
![Propanenitrile,3-[[2-[4,5-bis(hexylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3-dithiol-4-yl]thio]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/600800/600717-84-8.png)
![Propanenitrile,3-[[2-[4,5-bis(hexylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3-dithiol-4-yl]thio]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/600800/600717-84-8_b.png)
![5,12-Dibromo-2,9-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/331900/331861-94-0.png)
![5,12-Dibromo-2,9-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/331900/331861-94-0_b.png)
![23,24,25,26-Tetrathiapentacyclo[18.2.1.13,6.19,12.114,17]hexacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaene, 2,13-diphenyl-](/data/chemimg/3777500/1265748-61-5.png)
![23,24,25,26-Tetrathiapentacyclo[18.2.1.13,6.19,12.114,17]hexacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaene, 2,13-diphenyl-](/data/chemimg/3777500/1265748-61-5_b.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromoisochromeno[6,5,4-def]isochromene-1,3,6,8-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/300000/299962-88-2.png)
![4,5,9,10-Tetrabromoisochromeno[6,5,4-def]isochromene-1,3,6,8-tetraone](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/300000/299962-88-2_b.png)
